01 Dr. S. K Rao, RVSKVV, Gwalior challanges and prospects in ensuring seed security.ppt

seed

1. RAJMATA VIJAYARAJE SCINDIA KRISHI VISHWA
VIDYALAYA, GWALIOR, MADHYA PRADESH
S. K. RAO
CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS IN
ENSURING SEED SECURITY

2. •Strength
•Concerns
•Challenges
•Technological trends
•Prospects
•Seed security
CoverageCoverage

3. Seed : Our StrengthsSeed : Our Strengths
•Well-knit seed production and Well-knit seed production and
distribution systemdistribution system
•A network of 19 seed A network of 19 seed
certification agencies certification agencies
•More than 107 notified seed More than 107 notified seed
testing laboratoriestesting laboratories
•A large number of varieties in A large number of varieties in
different crops different crops
•Varied agro-climatic conditionsVaried agro-climatic conditions
•Fast developing private seed Fast developing private seed
sector partnershipsector partnership
•Seed hubsSeed hubs

4. Seed: Our Concerns
•Strong basic, strategic and anticipatory research
•Availability of basic quality seed / planting
materials
•Seed replacement rate
•Infrastructure for the seed value chain in rural
areas.
•Very low share in international seed trade and
export
•Tendency of governments to procure seed from
private organizations.

5. Concern : Maintenance breeding
•Need for more investments in public sector.
•Need for basic infrastructure
•Shifting of plant breeders
•Retirement of plant breeders
•Little attention being given to low productive
land varieties of native germplasm
(plant/animals)

6. •Unpredictable climate
•Emerging new pests and diseases
•Limited breeders in crop improvement
•Lack of training to the seed producers
•Lack of market for seeds
•Storage fascilities
Challenges : Production Challenges : Production

7. Foundation Seed
Breeder Seed
Nucleus Seed
Maintenance Breeding Centre
Maintenance Breeding
Block

8. CHALLANGES


•Establishment and
strengthening of seeds
export promotion zones with
special incentives
•Improving the quality of seed Improving the quality of seed
produced and special efforts produced and special efforts
will be directed towards will be directed towards
increasing the quality of increasing the quality of
farmers saved seedfarmers saved seed
•Strengthen seed production
programmes, public and
private seed sector
partnership
Single window
clearance
PUBLIC
PRIVATE

9. •Strengthen national seed associations
•Support to emerging local private seed
enterprises involved in the production and
distribution of seed in outreach areas.
•Strengthen farmers’ capacities in seed
multiplication in order to improve quality of seed
•Strengthen community seed systems programme
•Local diffusion seed systems – maintenance
breeding, production, quality assurance and
distribution at reasonable cost.
CHALLANGES

10. •Increase in the number of seed companies
•Lack of certified seed of improved, adapted
and appropriate varieties available in the
market place
•Alternate areas of seed production
•Governments are recognizing the need to
further stimulate the agricultural sector
•Farmers are seeing more opportunities for
marketing their products
CHALLANGES

11. CHALLANGES
•Small agro-input companies are emerging
•Large seed companies are exploring new
markets in many states
•Seed requirement for different cropping
system
•Increase the availability of assured quality
seed in remote areas.
•No entry barrier in the local business.
•Poor seed planning systems

12. •Seasonal nature of demand/ supplySeasonal nature of demand/ supply
•Genetic ceiling of productivity of cropsGenetic ceiling of productivity of crops
•Changes due to climatic and socio economic Changes due to climatic and socio economic
factorsfactors
•Decentralized production in unorganised Decentralized production in unorganised
sector sector
• Lack of ethical practicesLack of ethical practices
•Inadequacy of reliable and timely data on Inadequacy of reliable and timely data on
seedsseeds
•Lack of country seed planning systems.Lack of country seed planning systems.
Challenges : Demand and supply of seeds

13. THREATS TO SEED SYSTEM
•Grain harvested from hybrids is
misrepresented and sold as genuine hybrid
seed for sowing
• Seed packages are labeled with false variety
names
• Minimum seed quality standards, like varietal
purity or germination percentage, are not met
• The percentage of seeds from weeds and
invasive species exceeds legal standards

14. Destruction of
Natural Habitats of biodiversity
is the most important threat in
ensuring seed security
and
Climatic change is the primary and
most important cause
Biodiversity and Climatic change

15. •Need for more investments in seed researchNeed for more investments in seed research
•Genetic improvement in yield Genetic improvement in yield
•Conventional plant breeding plays a major roleConventional plant breeding plays a major role
•New product specific varieties of crops to suit New product specific varieties of crops to suit
end usersend users
•Development of improved seeds tolerance to Development of improved seeds tolerance to
Multiple Adverse Environments (MAE)Multiple Adverse Environments (MAE)
•Improvement Improvement in quality parameters
•Need for development of climate resilient
seeds.
Technological Trends

16. Prospects: Indian Context
•New seed policy and modified new seed
policy
•Fast replacement of varieties
•Fast track release of varieties and
certification
•Conceous seed production of pre release
varieties.
•Linking seed systems with commodity
trading.

17. •Increased demand of quality seeds
•Increased sources of water availability
•Farmers are eager to produce improved varieties
•Govt. plans to produce improved variety seeds
•Universities interested in push up improved
varieties
Prospects : Seed ProductionProspects : Seed Production

18. Prospects: Institutional frame work
•Farmer Seed Cooperatives (FSC)
•Farmers Producer Organizations (FPO)
•National/state level agencies/ cooperatives
•Start ups in seed sector

20. Prospects : Being in IndiaProspects : Being in India
•Predominantly vegetarian Population of 100 Predominantly vegetarian Population of 100
crores.crores.
•Excellent skilled man powerExcellent skilled man power
•Strong vibrant Indian seed industry Strong vibrant Indian seed industry
•Wide range of areas to select for production Wide range of areas to select for production
with choice of altitude/ latitude and seasons with choice of altitude/ latitude and seasons
to take care of several different cropsto take care of several different crops
•Several companies have been able to meet Several companies have been able to meet
the quality standards required by the quality standards required by
international marketsinternational markets

21. Prospects : Being in GlobalProspects : Being in Global
•Earning valuable foreign exchangeEarning valuable foreign exchange
•Creation of job opportunitiesCreation of job opportunities
•Better quality seeds as well as better Better quality seeds as well as better
varietiesvarieties
•Equitable exchange of germplasm Equitable exchange of germplasm
coming in from different countriescoming in from different countries

22. Prospects : Target Crops
•Green manuring and fodder crop seeds
• Bioenergy/biofuel crop seeds
•Under utilized crop seeds
•Land races of various crops seeds

23. Prospects : Target Crops
•Green manuring crop seed - Dhencha,
Sunhamp, moongbean, cowpea etc.
•Fodder crop seed - Berseem, maize etc
•Land races and un notified traditional varieties -
Vishnoobhog, Chinour, Dubraj, Kalimoochh,
Jeera shankar etc.
•Under utilized pulse crops, Niger, Millets,
Safflower, medicinal & Aromatic crops and
planting material etc

24. Prospects : Bioenergy seeds
•Jatropha
•Karanj
•Nagchampa
•Switchgrass
•Sweet sorghum
•Cassava
•Neem
•Mahua
•Simaruba
•Algae

25. •Switch grass
•Sugar cane
•Sweet sorghum
•Sorghum
•Cassava
•Sunflower
•Sugarbeet
•Barley
•Maize
•Potatoes
•Sweet Potatoes
•Wheat Straw

Prospects : Ethanol Producing Seeds/Feed StocksEthanol Producing Seeds/Feed Stocks

26. Seed security Framework
ParameterSeed security
AvailabilitySufficient quantity of seed within
reasonable proximity to people(special
availability) and offer in time for critical
periods (temporary availability)
Access People produce own seed, or adequate
resources to otherwise obtain seeds.
UtilizationSeed is of acceptable quality and meets
farmer needs
Remington et. al., 2002; USAID 1995; Maxwell et. al. 2008

27. Scheme of two directional links between food
security and seed security

28. •Provide incentives to domestic seed industry to
encourage and promote its growth
•Produce seeds of high yielding varieties and hybrid
seeds at a faster pace to meet the challenges
•Improving the quality of seed produced and special Improving the quality of seed produced and special
efforts will be directed towards increasing the quality efforts will be directed towards increasing the quality
of farmers saved seedof farmers saved seed
•Flexibility in import of parent seedsFlexibility in import of parent seeds
•Remove import permit for smaller quantities like stock Remove import permit for smaller quantities like stock
seeds and OGL itemsseeds and OGL items
Ensuring seed security : policy supportEnsuring seed security : policy support

29. Seed Security System
•Seed grid – Buffer stocking
•Inter-state collaborative seed exchange
programme to meet out the demand and
supply of crop varieties inside & outside of
the state.
•Village Seed Bank for self sufficiency.
•Promotion of locally demanded varieties
including land races and non notified
varieties.
•Distribution in villages and adjoining areas.

30. Need of seed grid
•Negligible or non-availability of seeds
Cereals: Kodo, Kutki, Barley, Maize and fine superfine, and scented
rice.
Pulses: Kulthi, Moong , Urad, Lathyrus, Rajma and Lentil.
Oilseed: Groundnut, Sesame, Niger, Castor, Sunflower and
Safflower.
•Sufficient seed availability but narrow varietal range
Cereals: Early paddy, Hybrid Maize, Hybrid Jowar, and Bajra.
Pulses: Peas, and Pigeonpea, Kabuli and Gulabi Chickpea.
Oilseed: Hybrid, sunflower Linseed and Soybean.
•Abundant availability with good varietal range
Cereals: Wheat, medium group Paddy.
Pulses: Chickpea (desi).

31. PPVFRA to seed security
•PPVFRA can provide platform to save
popular land races, extant varieties from
extinction to ensure seed security.
•Provides for an effective system of
protection of plant varieties
•Protects rights of farmers and breeders
•Recognizes farmer as a conserver,
provider of genetic resources, breeder
and as a producer and consumer of seed

32. •Seed security for food security is an achievable
goal.
•Seed security can be ensured through co-
operation , political will of the governments.
SEED SECURITYSEED SECURITY