01- INTRODUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION PARTIAL DENTURE.pptx

This is the introduction and classification chapter of RPD.
In this chapter, we embark on an exploration of removable partial dentures (RPDs), a critical component of prosthetic dentistry that offers functional and aesthetic solutions for patients with partial tooth loss. The journey begins with a comprehensive overview of RPDs, delving into their historical evolution, significance, and the essential role they play in modern dental practice. Understanding the foundations of RPDs sets the stage for grasping their complexity and the intricate considerations involved in their design and implementation.

1. Lecturer : Dr. Abdirahman Derajo, BDS Frantz Fanon University, Hargeisa. Prosthodontics 1 INTRDOUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION PARTIAL DENTURE 1

2. Objectives By the end of this lecture, students will be able to understand : Introduction to prosthetics. Branches of Prosthodontics. Common Terminologies Used in Removable Partial Denture. Indications for Removable Partial Dentures. Classification of Partially Edentulous Arches. Parts of a Removable Partial Denture. Steps in the Fabrication of a Removable Partial Denture. 2

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6. Introduction Prosthetics : is the art and science of designing and fitting artificial substitutes to replace lost or missing tissue . E.g. Denture; An artificial substitute for missing natural teeth and adjacent tissues . Also artificial nose, ear etc. 6

7. Prosthodontics/Prosthetic Dentistry: It is the dental specialty pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment planning, rehabilitation and maintenance of the oral function, comfort, appearance and health of the patients with clinical conditions associated with missing or deficient teeth and / or maxillofacial tissues using biocompatible substitutes. 7

8. BRANCHES OF PROSTHODONTICS 8 Implants

9. Fixed Prosthodontics: is the replacement of missing teeth and supporting tissues with a prosthesis that can not be removed by the wearer . E.g. Dental bridges 9 BRANCHES OF PROSTHODONTICS

10. Removable prosthodontics : is the replacement of missing teeth and supporting tissues with a prosthesis designed to be removed by the wearer . E.g. Removable Partial Denture and Complete dentures. 10

11. Maxillofacial prosthodontics : is the reconstruction of regions in the maxilla, mandible, and face that are missing or defective because of trauma, or congenital malformation etc. E.g. Obturators used by cleft palate patients. 11

12. Implants : Are substances that is placed into the jaw to support a crown or a denture . 12

13. Common terminologies used in RPD Appliance : it’s a device worn by a patient in the course of treatment. E.g. Orthodontic appliance , surgical appliance, space maintainer. Abutment : A tooth that supports a partial denture . Retainer : is any form of attachment applied directly to an abutment tooth and used for the fixation of a prosthesis is called a retainer e.g . clasps. 13

14. Cont … Tooth Supported RPD: A partial denture that receives support from natural teeth at each end of the edentulous space. Tooth-tissue Supported RPD: The denture base that is supported by teeth at one side and tissue on the other side (Distal extension partial dentures). 14

15. Cont … Definitive RPDs : After extensive diagnosis & treatment planning and through preparation of teeth and tissue. Interim RPD: It is a temporary partial denture used for a short period to fulfil aesthetics or mastication until a more definitive form of treatment can be rendered . 15

16. Cont … Temporary RPD: They are used in patients where tissue changes are expected , where a permanent prosthesis cannot be fabricated till the tissues stabilize. Treatment RPD: It is used as a carrier for treatment material, like medications. 16

17. Types of RPDs according to material Acrylic base metallic base 17

18. Indications of RPD The following should be considered before planning any treatment for a patient : Length of Edentulous Span Age Abutment teeth Periodontal support of remaining teeth Cross arch stabilization Excessive bone loss Aesthetics Immediate teeth replacement after extraction Emotional problems Patient desire 18

19. RPD is generally preferred in the following clinical conditions: When more than two posterior teeth or four anterior teeth are missing. If the canine and two of its adjacent teeth are missing. (e.g. Central incisor, lateral incisor, canine) When there is no distal abutment tooth. Presence of multiple edentulous spaces. 19

20. Cont … Tipped abutments. Periodontally weakened Abutments. Teeth with short clinical crowns. Insufficient number of abutments. Severe loss of tissue on the edentulous space. Old patients 20

21. RPD is generally avoid in the following cases: Patients with a large tongue which tends to push the denture away. Patient attitude: mentally retarded patients cannot maintain a removable prosthesis. Poor oral hygiene. 21

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23. Classification of partially edentulous arches Kennedy classification : Dr. Edward Kennedy proposed this classification in 1923 . He classified into four types which are: Bilateral free-end saddle Unilateral free-end saddle Unilateral bounded saddle Anterior bounded saddle, only 23

24. Class I Bilateral edentulous areas located posterior to all remaining teeth. 24

25. Class II Unilateral edentulous area located posterior to all remaining teeth. 25

26. Class III Unilateral edentulous area with natural teeth remaining both anterior and posterior to it. 26

27. Class IV A single, but bilateral (crossing the midline), edentulous area located anterior to the remaining natural teeth. 27

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29. Applegate's Rules for Applying the Kennedy Classification Rule 1 : Classification should follow rather than precede extraction. Rule 2 : If the 3rd molar is missing and not to be replaced, it is not considered in the classification. Rule 3 : If the 3rd molar is present and to be used as an abutment, it is considered in the classification. 29

30. Rule 4 : If the second molar is missing and not be replaced, it is not considered in the classification Rule 5 : The most posterior edentulous area determines the classification. Rule 6 : Edentulous areas other than those determining classification are called modification spaces. Rule 7 : The extent of the modification is not considered, only the number. Rule 8 : There is no modification space in Class IV. 30

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33. PARTS OF A REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE Major connector. Minor connector. Rest. Direct retainer. Indirect retainer. Denture base. Artificial tooth. 33

34. Cont … 34 Artificial Teeth

35. STEPS IN THE FABRICATION OF RPD History taking & Diagnosis. Treatment Planning. Pre-prosthetic Procedures. Making the Primary Impression and Cast. Designing the Prosthesis. Prosthetic Mouth Preparation. 35

36. Secondary or Final Impression Making and Cast. Fabricating the Framework. Framework Try-in. Fabricating the Trial Prosthesis. Try-in of the Trial Denture. Processing the Trial Denture. Denture Insertion. 36

37. 37 For further information: [email protected] or [phone]