02 Introduction to Optical Fibers and comparision between simplex and duplex.pptx

Introduction to Fiber Optics

1. Introduction to Optical Fibers M. VENKATACHALAM ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, PHYSICS THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE, MADURAI – 625 009

2. Objectives To investigate main characteristic of optical fiber. To measure losses between different length. To measure losses between fiber gap (0mm-4mm). To measure losses at different fiber bending (10mm-40mm).

3. Introduction Structure of fiber: Core: carries the light of signals. Cladding: to prevent the light from going out from the core. Coating: act as insulator to give protection for the core.

4. An Optical Fiber Works An Optical Fiber works on the principle of Total Internal Reflection Light rays are reflected and guided down the length of an optical fiber. The acceptance angle of the fiber determines which light rays will be guided down the fiber.

5. Core Characteristic 1 . The diameter of the light carrying region of the fiber is the "core diameter." 2. The larger the core, the more rays of light that travel in the core. 3. The larger the core, the more optical power that can be transmitted. 4. The core has a higher index of refraction than the cladding. 5. The difference in the refractive index of the core and the cladding is known as delta.

6. Type of Optical Fiber

7. Diagram Step index optical fiber Graded index optical fiber

8. Comparison of simplex and duplex optical fiber Simplex optical fiber receiver receives the signal from the device that is transmitting. there is only one fiber which allows the cable to send information one way. fiber can be single mode, multimode, or polarization maintaining mode. Duplex optical fiber allows a transmission to go both ways at the same time. has two fibers in it and this cable is used when a transmission needs to go in two directions, to the receiver and back. can be single mode or multimode.

9. Advantage of Optical Fiber Low transmission loss Optical fiber networks operate at high speeds Wider bandwidth – large carrying capacity Signals can be transmitted further without needing to be refreshed or strengthened. Greater resistance to electromagnetic noise such as radios, motors or other nearby cables. Optical fiber cables costs much less to maintain. Can be handled economically, uses, less space in cable duct. Non inductive – does not radiate energy, communication security enhance.