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1. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN s ) 02_Pooja Gupta

2. Introduction Wireless sensor networks are a collection of interconnected, battery-powered sensors that gather data from their surrounding environment and transmit it wirelessly to a central location for analysis and decision-making.

3. Key Components of a WSNs Sensors Sensors are the foundation of a WSN, responsible for gathering data from the physical world. They measure various parameters such as temperature, humidity, light, and motion. Network Protocol The network protocol manages communication between nodes, ensuring data delivery and network stability. Processing Units The central processing unit receives data from sensors, analyzes it, and makes decisions based on the collected information. Transceivers Transceivers enable communication between sensors and the central processing unit. They convert digital data into radio signals and vice versa.

4. Environmental Monitoring WSNs are used to monitor air quality, water quality, and soil conditions. They provide real-time data for environmental management and disaster preparedness . Smart Cities WSNs contribute to smart city initiatives by monitoring traffic flow, street lighting, and waste management. They provide data for efficient urban planning and resource allocation. Applications of WSNs

5. Cluster-Based Routing Sensors are grouped into clusters with a cluster head responsible for data aggregation and transmission to the sink. Flooding Each node broadcasts data to all its neighbors, leading to high energy consumption and redundant data transmission. Hierarchical Routing Sensors are organized in a hierarchical structure with multiple levels of aggregation, reducing communication overhead. Routing Protoc ols in WSNs

6. Future Trends and Developments in WSNs Cloud Computing WSNs are increasingly integrating with cloud platforms for data storage, processing, and analysis. Blockchain Technology Blockchain offers secure and transparent data management and authentication for WSNs, enhancing data integrity. Internet of Things (IoT) WSNs are becoming integral parts of the IoT ecosystem, enabling the collection of data from various connected devices. Artificial Intelligence AI algorithms are being used to improve data analysis, decision-making, and self-configuration in WSNs.

7. THANKYOU