02. SALT ANALYSIS.docx

Salt analysis class 12th

1. EXPERIMENT NO - 02
OBJECTIVE :- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.

OBSERVATION : -

S.
NO.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
PRELIMINARY TEST
1 Colour Colourless Cu
2+ Fe
3+ Ni
2+ absent

2 Odour NH3 like smell NH4
+ may be present



1
ACIDIC RADICAL TEST
Dil. H2SO4 test
Test tube + salt + Dil.
H2SO4
Colourless odourless
gas evolves with brisk
effervescence
CO3
2— may be present

2 Pass the gas in lime water
in excess
Lime water turns milky
which turns colourless
when excess gas is
passed.
CO3
2— confirm
BASIC RADICAL TEST


1 Test tube + salt + NaOH Pungent smell of NH3
produces

Zero group present
2 Test tube + salt + H2O +
Nessler reagent

Reddish brown
precipitate forms
NH4
+ confirm


RESULT:- Ammonium ion (NH4
+) basic radical and acetate anion (CO3
2—) acidic
radicals are present in given salt.

2. EXPERIMENT – 03

OBJECTIVE :- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.

OBSERVATION : -

S.
NO.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
PRELIMINARY TEST
1 Colour Colourless Cu
2+ Fe
3+ Ni
2+
absent
2 Odour NH3 like smell NH4
+ may be present

ACIDIC RADICAL TEST
Dil. H2SO4 test
1 Test tube + salt +Dil. H2SO4

colourless gas with a
vinegar-like smell
CH3COO
— may be
present

2 Test tube + salt + H2O +
oxalic acid

The characteristic smell
of vinegar produces.
CH3COO
— confirm.

BASIC RADICAL TEST
1 Test tube + salt + NaOH Pungent smell of NH3
produces
Zero group present
2 Test tube + salt + H2O + Reddish brown
precipitate forms
NH4
+ confirm


Nessler reagent

RESULT:- Ammonium ion (NH4
+) basic radical and acetate anion (CH3COO
—) acidic
radicals are present in given salt.

3. Experiment 04
OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.
OBSERVATION :-

S.
No.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
PRELIMINARY TEST
1 Colour Colourless Cu
2+ Fe
3+ Ni
2+
absent
2 Odour

NH3 like smell NH4
+ may be present
ACIDIC RADICAL TEST
Dil. H2SO4 test
1 Test tube + salt +Dil. H2SO4 No gas produces Dil H2SO4 group
absent
Conc. H2SO4 test
2 Test tube + salt + Conc.
H2SO4
Colourless gas with
pungent smell
Cl
— may be present

3 SILVER NITRATE TESTS:-
Test tube + salt + silver
nitrate solution.
white precipitate forms. Cl
— confirm

BASIC RADICAL TEST
1 Test tube + salt + NaOH Pungent smell of NH3
produces
Zero group present
2 Test tube + salt + H2O +
Nessler reagent
Reddish brown
precipitate forms
NH4
+ confirm

RESULT:- Ammonium ion (NH4
+) basic radical and chloride anion (Cl
— ) acidic
radicals are present in given salt.

4. EXPERIMENT NO. 05
OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.

OBSERVATION :-
S.
No.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
PRELIMINARY TEST
1 Colour Colourless Cu
2+ Fe
3+ Ni
2+
absent
2 Odour No smell NH4
+ (CH3COO
— )
absent

ACIDIC RADICAL TEST
Dil. H2SO4 test
1 Test tube + salt +Dil. H2SO4 No gas produces Dil H2SO4 group
absent
Conc. H2SO4 test
2 Test tube + salt + H2O +
Conc. H2SO4
Brown fume which
intensifies when Cu
turnings are added
NO3
— may be present

3 Soda extract + CH3COOH +
FeSO4 + Conc. H2SO4

Formation oil brown ring
at the junction of
solutions
NO3
— confirm

BASIC RADICAL TEST
1 Test tube + salt + NaOH No gas produces Zero group absent
2 Test tube + salt + dil. HCl +
filter

White precipitate forms First group may be
present
3 Precipitate + H2O + K2CrO4 Yellow precipitate forms Pb
2+ confirm

RESULT:- Lead (Pb
2+) basic radical and nitrate anion (NO3
—) acidic radicals are
present in given salt.

5. EXPERIMENT NO. - 06
OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.

OBSERVATION :-
S.
No.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
PRELIMINARY TEST


1 Colour Blue colour Cu
2+ may be presnt
2 Odour No smell NH4
+ (CH3COO
—)
absent


ACIDIC RADICAL TEST


Dil. H2SO4 test
1 test tube + salt +Dil. H2SO4

No gas produces Dil H2SO4 group
absent
Conc. H2SO4 test
2 test tube + salt + Conc.
H2SO4
No gas produces Conc. H2SO4 group
absent
3 test tube + salt + H2O +
BaCl2

White precipitate forms Sulphate (SO 4
2—)
confirm

BASIC RADICAL TEST
1 Test tube + salt + NaOH

No gas producses Zero group absent
2 Test tube + salt + dil. HCl +
filter

No precipitate forms First group absent
3 Filtrate + H2S gas + filter

Black Precipitate forms Second group present
4 Precipitate + Dil. HNO3 +
acetic acid + K4[Fe(CN)6]

Chocolate brown
coloured precipitate
forms
Cu
2+ confirm

RESULT:- Cupric ion (Cu
2+ )basic radical and Sulphate anion (SO4
2— ) acidic radicals
are present in given salt.

6. EXPERIMENT NO. - 07
OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.
OBSERVATION :-
S.
No.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
PRELIMINARY TEST
1 Colour colourless Cu
2+ Fe
3+ Ni
2+
absent
2 Odour No smell NH4
+ (CH3COO
—)
absent

ACIDIC RADICAL TEST


Dil. H2SO4 test
1 test tube + salt +Dil. H2SO4

No gas produces Dil H2SO4 group
absent
Conc. H2SO4 test
2 test tube + salt + Conc.
H2SO4
No gas produces Conc. H2SO4 group
absent
3 test tube + salt + H2O +
BaCl2

White precipitate forms Sulphate (SO 4
2—)
confirm

BASIC RADICAL TEST
1 Test tube + salt + NaOH

No gas produces Zero group absent
2 Test tube + salt + dil. HCl +
filter

No precipitate forms First group absent
3 Filtrate + H2S gas + filter

No precipitate forms Second group absent
4 Filtrate + boil to remove
H2S + NH4Cl + NH4OH +
Filter.
Lack Test
White precipitate.
Third group present
5 Precipitate + dil HCl + 2
drops of blue litmus
solution + NH4OH

Floating blue colour
develops.
Al
3+ confirm

RESULT:- Aluminium ion (Al
3+) basic radical and Sulphate (SO4
2—) acidic radicals are
present in given salt.

7. EXPERIMENT NO. - 08
OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.
OBSERVATION :-
S.
No.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
PRELIMINARY TEST
1 Colour Colourless Cu
2+ Fe
3+ Ni
2+
absent
2 Odour No smell NH4
+ (CH3COO
—)
absent

ACIDIC RADICAL TEST


Dil. H2SO4 test
1 test tube + salt +Dil. H2SO4

No gas produces Dil H2SO4 group
absent
Conc. H2SO4 test
2 test tube + salt + Conc.
H2SO4
No gas produces Conc. H2SO4 group
absent
3 test tube + salt + H2O +
BaCl2

White precipitate forms Sulphate (SO 4
2—)
confirm

BASIC RADICAL TEST


1 Test tube + salt + NaOH No gas produces Zero group absent
2 Test tube + salt + dil. HCl +
filter
No precipitate forms First group absent
3 Filtrate + H2S gas + filter No precipitate forms Second group absent
4 Filtrate + boil to remove
H2S + NH4Cl + NH4OH +
Filter
No precipitate forms Third group absent
5 Filtrate + NH4OH + H2S +
filter
Dull white precipitate
forms
Fourth group present
6 Precipitate + H2O + dil. HCl
+ dil. NaOH in excess

white precipitate forms
which dissolve in excess
of NaOH
Zn
2+ confirms

RESULT:- Zinc ion (Zn
2+) basic radical and Sulphate ion (SO4
2— ) acidic radicals are
present in given salt.

8. EXPERIMENT NO. - 09
OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.
OBSERVATION :-
S.
No.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
PRELIMINARY TEST
1 Colour White Cu
2+ Fe
3+ Ni
2+
absent
2 Odour No smell NH4
+ (CH3COO
— )
absent



1.


Dil H2SO4 test

Salt + dil H2SO4


No gas evolves


Dil H2SO4 group
absent


2.



3.
Conc. H2SO4 test
Salt + conc. H2SO4


Silver nitrate test
Salt + water +silver nitrate
solution


Colourless gas with
pungent smell


White precipitate forms

Conc. H2SO4 group
present.


Chloride ion confirm.
BASIC RADICAL TEST


1 Test tube + salt + NaOH No gas produces Zero group absent
2 Test tube + salt + H2O + dil.
HCl + filter
No precipitate forms First group absent
3 Filtrate + H2S gas + filter No precipitate forms Second group absent
4 Filtrate + boil to remove
H2S + NH4Cl + NH4OH +
Filter
No precipitate forms Third group absent
5 Filtrate + NH4OH + H2S +
filter
No precipitate forms Fourth group absent
6 Filtrate + NH4Cl + NH4OH +
ammonium carbonate
(NH4)2CO3 Filter

White precipitate forms Fifth group present
7 Precipitate + ammonium
sulphate + ammonium
oxalate
(NH4) 2C2O4
White precipitate forms Ca
2+ confirm

RESULT:- Calcium ion (Ca
2+) basic radical and Chloride anion (Cl
—) acidic radicals are
present in given salt.

9. EXPERIMENT NO. - 10
OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.

OBSERATION :-

S.
No.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
PRELIMINARY TEST
1 Colour White Cu
2+ Fe
3+ Ni
2+
absent
2 Odour No smell NH4
+ and
(CH3COO
—)
absent

ACIDIC RADICAL TEST


Dil. H2SO4 test
1 test tube + salt + Dil.
H2SO4
No gas produces Dil H2SO4 group
absent
Conc. H2SO4 test
1 test tube + salt + Conc.
H2SO4
No gas produces Conc. H2SO4 group
absent
2 test tube + salt + H2O +
BaCl2

White precipitate forms Sulphate (SO 4
2—)
confirm

BASIC RADICAL TEST
1 Test tube + salt + NaOH No gas produces Zero group absent
2 Test tube + salt + H2O + dil.
HCl + filter
No precipitate forms First group absent
3 Filtrate + H2S gas + filter No precipitate forms Second group absent
4 Filtrate + boil to remove
H2S + NH4Cl + NH4OH +
Filter
No precipitate forms Third group absent
5 Filtrate + NH4OH + H2S +
filter
No precipitate forms Fourth group absent
6 Filtrate + NH4Cl + NH4OH +
ammonium carbonate
(NH4)2CO3 Filter
No precipitate forms Fifth group absent
7 Test tube + salt + H2O +
NH4Cl + NH 4OH +
ammonium phosphate
White precipitate forms Mg
2+ confirm in sixth
group

RESULT:- Magnesium ion (Mg
2+) basic radical and sulphate (SO4
2—) acidic radicals are
present in the given salt.