05.. h2s and scaba train the trainer.pdf

H2s is highly tocis gas smell like rotten eggs at low concentration. h2s is also name is dump gas rotten gas.

1. Hydrogen Sulfide & SCBA AWARENESS TRAIN
THE TRAINER

2. H2S Awareness and SCBA Training
Course Outline
2
Chapter Description
Chapter 1 Hydrogen Sulfide H2S Properties
Chapter 2 Effects
Chapter 3 Protection
Chapter 4 Detection
Chapter 5 Escape, Rescue and Recovery
Chapter 6 Effects on Equipment
Chapter 7 Practical Demonstration and Exercise
Written Assessment
Q&A

3. Course Objective
To prepare employees for the hazards of working around H2S and how to
properly protect themselves in an H2S Environment.

4. IT’S THE LAW
!
All persons working in the oil
field where H2S
concentrations are known,
MUST complete a H2S
certification course.
The objective is to
educate employees about
the physical & chemical
properties, toxicity,
concentration levels,
personal protective
equipment use, detection
measures, rescue and
first aid.

5. SCBA

6. Self
Contained
Breathing
Apparatus

7. 7
Chapter 1 – Hydrogen Sulfide (H
2S)
Properties
7

8. What is H2S?
H2S is naturally
occurring chemical
produced by
bacteria as it
decomposes
organic material.
It may develop in
low oxygen
environments, such
as, sewers,
swamps and
polluted water.
S
H H

9. It is a natural Product of Decay
You may find H2S in :
Dairies
Breweries
Chemical processes
Geothermal exploration
Fisheries
Tanneries
72 different Industries

10. Chapter 1 – Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Properties
What is H2S?
Hydrogen Sulfide Gas
is a toxic (poisonous) gas that
can kill you the first time you breate
it!
Hydrogen sulfide is a highly flammable, explosive gas, and can
cause possible life-threatening situations if not properly
handled

11. Hydrogen Sulfide (H
2S) Properties
Potential Danger Areas
BOP, wellhead
Shaker, trip tank, mud pit
Choke manifold, joints
Surge tank, gauge tank, separators
Sample chamber of down hole tools
Low lying areas (accumulation over time)
When there is a risk of H2S always assume it may be
present where you are working

12. Chapter 1 – Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Properties
Physical state
. Normally encountered in gas state
Color •A colorless (transparent and invisible) gas
•No visible warning on its presence
Odor
Flammability
•Smells like “rotten eggs” at low concentrations.
•No smell in high concentrations because it paralyses
the sense of smell immediately
•Burns with a blue flame, producing sulphur dioxide (SO2),
which is also a toxic gas

Properties Description

13. Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
Properties
•Vapor density : Heavier than air
specific gravity: 1.189 and tends
to settle in low-lying area
Dispersible by wind movement or
air currents.
19% heavier than air
•Solubility : Dissolves in water,
oil, sludge, emulsions, well fluids
and molten sulphur.H2S may be
released when liquids are
disturbed or heated
•Corrosive : Causes corrosion

14. Module 1 – Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Properties
Where Do You Find H2S? Natural Resources
H2S is produced in nature by the decomposition of organic materials
by bacteria
It may also develop in low oxygen or low-lying areas and can be
found with natural gas, petroleum and volcanic gases as well as
unsterilized crude oil and gas streams

15. H
2S is either a product or by-product of waste materials
It can be found in familiar industries such as natural gas processing plants,
petroleum refineries, leather tanning, pulp mills, iron and steel mills, oil and gas
wells, sewage treatment, commercial laboratories, etc.
Module 1 – Hydrogen Sulfide (H
2S) Properties
Where Do You Find H
2S? Industrial Resources

16. Video

17. Hydrogen Sulfide (H
2S) Properties
Other Names for H
2S
Stink Damp
Rotten-Egg Gas
Swamp Gas
Sewer Gas
Sour Crude/Sour Gas
Hydrosulphuric acid
Dihydrogen Sulfide
Hepatic Gas

18. Chapter
Measurement of H2S
18
•Two different scales to measure H 2S
concentrations :
a)Parts per million (PPM) scale
b)Percent (%) scale
•1% is equal to 10,000 PPM
•PPM is used when we deal with the effects of H2S
on human body
The established immediate danger to life or
death
(IDLH) level for H2S is 100ppm

19. Chapter 1 – Hydrogen Sulfide H2S Properties
H2S is Dangerous
Fire & Explosion Hazards
Explosive in a wide range of concentrations: 4.3% to 46 %
Auto ignition temperature is low 260°C
Extinguishing media: CO2, Dry powder
19
End of lit cigarette – 1400 0F

20. 20
Chapter 2 – Effects
20

21. Chapter 2 – Effects
Health Hazards of H
2S
21
H2S will enter through the lungs and is considered a
chemical asphyxiate.
It blocks the transfer of oxygen to the blood cells and causes paralysis of the respiratory system.
Symptoms of acute exposure include nausea, headaches skin and eye irritation. Inhalation of high concentrations of hydrogen sulfidecan produce extremely rapid unconsciousness and death

22. Chapter 2 –
Effects
Exposure Limits
Here are the Hydrogen
Sulfide (H2S) exposure limits
Permissible Exposure
Limit: 10 ppm for an 8-hr
period avg
Short Term Exposure
Limit: 15 ppm for a 15-
minute avg
Immediately Dangerous to
Life or Health: 100 ppm

23. Chapter 2 – Effects H2S Toxicity Levels
23
H2S
Exposure
Possible Health Effects
1 PPM •Odor of rotten eggs.
10 PPM •Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for 8 hours continuous work
20 PPM
•Ceiling Occupational Exposure Limit
•No worker should be exposed to20ppm at any time
100 PPM
•Sense of smell killed within 3-5 minutes
•Eyes ,throat ,skin irritation, headache, upset stomach, pulse rate
increases
200 PPM •Kills sense of smell, eyes & throat burning
500 PPM
•Rapid unconsciousness, breathing stops
•Rescue required
1,000 PPM
•Immediate unconsciousness, imminent death.
•Resuscitation required

24. Hazardous CharacteristicsToxic
H2S is the second most toxic gas known to man.
Target Organs
Burning Eyes
Respiratory  Irritation
Loss of Sense  of Smell
Dizziness  Nausea 
Fatigue  Confusion
Headache
Cirrhosis

25. Chapter 2 – Effects
H2S Toxicity Effects
Factors affecting individual person response:
Duration
The length of time the person is exposed to H2S
Intensity
Concentration of H2S the person is exposed to
Receptivity
Physical & mental conditions of the person
Fatigue and Alcohol can increase effects
Frequency
How often/long the person is exposed to H2S
Previous exposure may increase sensitivity
25

26. 26
•Video

27. 27
27
Chapter 3 – Protection

28. Chapter 3 – Protection
Type of Protection
•H2S Warning Signs e.g. Safety Signs
•Wind Direction using Wind Socks
•Safe Briefing Areas (Muster Point)
•H2S Detectors
•H2S Area Gas Detectors and Alarms
•SCBA, SABA and EEBA
•Training and Communication
28

29. Chapter 3 – Protection
H2S Alarm Activation
H2S alarms can consist of an amber strobe light, a blue
strobe light, a red strobe light, and a dual tone audible
alarm.
There are 2 types of alarm activation:
a)Low Level Alarm: 10ppm
b)High Level Alarm: 20 ppm and above
29

30. Chapter 3 – Protection
NOTE:-Alarm set points
can be adjusted to
conform local
regulations or company
requirements.
Generally, the alarm
points are set at
10ppm,15/20ppm
When the alarm sounds, leave the area to a safe zone and not
return until the area is SAFE

31. Chapter 3 – Protection
H
2S Location Classifications
31
Condition Green “POSSIBLE DANGER”
•H
2S concentration is less than 10ppm
•Drilling and production operations are under control
•There are NO alarms
Condition Yellow “MODERATE DANGER”
•H
2S concentration is 10ppm - 15ppm
•At some point on location and the well or production stream is under
control.
•Amber flashing light is activated
Condition Red “EXTREME DANGER”
•H
2S concentration is 20ppm and above
•At any point on the location or loss of well control occurs
•Amber flashing light and audible alarms are activated

32. How do we
control this
toxic gas?
Engineering Controls
Ventilation
Natural
Manufactured
Flare Stack
Venting
PPE
Supplied Air Respirator
SCBA
Work line
Escape Pack

33. Chapter 3 – Protection
Approved Breathing Apparatus
3 types of approved breathing apparatus for H2S
protection
33
(a) Self-Contained Breathing
Apparatus (SCBA)
(b) Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus
(SABA) System

34. Chapter 3 – Protection
Approved Breathing Apparatus
34
(c)Emergency Escape Breathing Apparatus (EEBA)
•Lightweight and portable respiratory protection equipment
•Provide 5, 10 or 15 minutes of air supply
•Allow personnel to quickly escape from a toxic or IDLH
environment
•Consists of a positive pressure face piece (hood) attached to an
emergency escape cylinder

35. Chapter 3 – Protection
Comparison of Respiratory Protective Equipt.
35
TypeAdvantages Disadvantages
SCBA
•Unrestricted mobility
•Portable
•Excellent for safety watch and
rescue operations
•Limited air supply
•Bulky and heavy
SABA
•Continuous air supply
•Lighter and less bulky
•Limited mobility due to air line
length
•Air line can tangle
•Must exit area same way you
entered to avoid air line tangle
•No low air alarm on some
systems
EEBA
•Quick and easy to use
•Can be used for people with
spectacles and beards
•Minimal training required
•Low cost
•For emergency escape purposes
only. Can not be used for safety
watch and rescue operations

36. What else can we do?
Tail gate meetings
Education
Buddy System
Be Wind Aware
Eliminate Ignition
Sources
Keep non-essential
personnel out of
area
Checking Safety
Equipment

37. 37
37
Chapter 4 – Detection of H2S

38. 38
Chapter 4 – Detection of H
2S
Types of Detectors – 1. Electronic H
2S Monitors
3 Types of Electronic H
2S Monitors
Personal H
2S Monitors
Worn by workers by clipping onto a belt, fit in an outside pocket or worn on a
harness
Portable H
2S Monitors
Designed to be placed between the worker and the source of H
2S, or in a
confined space
Fixed MonitorsPermanently installed units and usually found in gas plants and oil batteries. Electronic alarm is activated by pre-set levels of H
2S
Fixed monitors can be located where contamination is possible.

39. Wear personal detector
Never rely on your nose to detect H2S
Long duration exposure and high concentrations will kill the
sense of smell
Use electronic detectors set at 10 & 20ppm
Locate where you can see the visual warning
Remember H2S is heavier than air
Adjust sound level of alarm to surrounding noise level
Use “Sniffer” Tubes to sample air or gas
39
Chapter 4 – Detection of H2S
Detecting H2S

40. Detectors and Escape masks are required
Breathing apparatus should be worn
40
Chapter 4 – Detection of H2S
Detecting H2S

41. 41
Chapter 5 – Escape, Rescue &
Recovery
41
MD HAIDER ALI

42. Chapter 5 – Escape, Rescue and Recovery
7-Step Initial Response Strategy
42
There are 7 steps you should take if you encounter an H2S release
1. Evacuate
Go to a safe area immediately
Move upwind if release is downwind of you
Move crosswind if release is upwind of you
Move to higher ground if possible
2. Alarm Call for help, sound bell, horn, whistle or call by radio
3. Assess
Do a head count
Consider other hazards
4. Protect Put on breathing apparatus before attempting rescue
5. Rescue Remove victim to a safe area
6. Revive Apply CPR if necessary
7. Medical Aid
Arrange transport of victim to medical aid
Provide information to emergency professionals

43. Chapter 5 – Escape, Rescue and Recovery
Escaping from H2S Release
Know the escape routes & alarms
Wear respiratory protection equipment
Check for wind direction
Move cross wind and go to safe area immediately
43

44. Chapter 5 – Escape, Rescue and Recovery
Rescue from H2S Release
Always use SCBA to enter suspect areas
Escape masks may not last long enough
Do not become a casualty, this helps no one!
•Always have a fully equipped back up
(rescue team/ambulance)
•Bring victim out of contaminated area
Longer exposure is more dangerous
Give First-Aid
CPR if needed
44

45. Rescue
In Order to Rescue: 
You must be rescue trained
Use the Buddy System
You must be CPR & 1st Aid Trained
You must be trained for the specifi
c 
environment, in this case, an H2S 
environment.
Maintain good communication with
 other rescuers and off site person
nel
Follow your 
company’s policy on rescue.

46. Rescue
NOTE :
Rescue requires rescue
training and practice
drills. NEVER attempt a
rescue if you are not
properly trained.

47. Chapter 5 – Escape, Rescue and Recovery
Recover From H2S Release
When returning to a site with H2S, you must:
a)Measure
Use independent sniffer
Do not rely on personal monitor
Continue to wear SCBA until area is safe
b)Return to release area only after:
Measurement is completed and area is safe
All alarms have stopped
47

48. 48
48
Chapter 6 – Effects on
Equipment

49. Iron Sulfide
H2S reacts with
iron and steel
which forms
iron sulfide
which can be
Pyrophoric!!
Iron sulfide
treated with
acids results in
H2S being
released.

50. Hazardous
Characteristics
Corrosive
H2S dissolves in water
to form a weak acid
that corrodes and pits
metals

51. Iron Sulfide
Metallurgy
H2S may react with iron and steel
causing Hydrogen Embrittlement
and/or sulfide stress cracking
This lowers safety factors in tubular
and pressure vessels.
NACE MR0175- latest edition is the
reference standard (www.nace.org)

52. Summary:
Hydrogen Sulfide is deadly,
especially when you don’t
understand or respect its
dangers.
Take H2S seriously… follow
all safe guidelines and
standards. Remember:
Always ask a supervisor if
unsure.

53. 53
53
Chapter 7 – Practical Demonstration and
Exercise

54. Chapter 7:
54
Practical Demonstration and Exercise
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
(SCBA)

55. Important
Points Before
Putting on
SCBA
Air Supply
Air cylinder must have a
minimum of 30 minutes
rating of quality breathing
air. Some cylinders are rated
45 and 60 minutes
Cylinder valve must be fully
opened when in use and fully
closed when not in use
Maintain normal breathing
pattern when using SCBA

56. Important Points Before Putting on
SCBA
Facepiece
Complete seal between
the face piece and you
face
Must be clean shaven
where the face piece
and your face meet
No regular eye glasses.
Need special eye glass
kits that fasten inside
the face piece

57. Chapter 7 – Practical Demonstration & Exercise
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
Positive Pressure inside the facepiece
It should take you less than 1 minute to put on the SCBA
The time taken to put on the SCBA will be recorded in your
evaluation sheet.
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58. Any Question?
Thank you for your Time 58