08 types of tree

1. WOOD
MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY
4
th
Edition

2. Chapter 8
Types of Tree

3. Trees – 2 groups
•Deciduous
•Hardwood
•Broad leaves
•Coniferous
•Softwood
•Needle-like leaves

4. Deciduous trees (hardwoods)
•Produce hardwood timber
•Lose their leaves in autumn (except holly)
•Trunk divides to develop large branches
•Branches are larger and more irregular
•Broad leaves
•Seeds borne in nuts/berries
•Slow growing
•Wood is more valuable
•Wood is harder and more durable

5. Coniferous trees (softwoods)
•Produce softwood timber
•Evergreen (except larch)
•Straight trunk
•Smaller branches
•Needle-like leaves
•Seeds borne in pine cones
•Symmetrical in shape
•Grow quickly
•Wood is usually cheaper
•Wood is usually softer and less durable

6. Deciduous trees

7. Tree type Outstanding features Timber uses
Oak •Hard, durable wood
•Finishes well
•Silver grain when cut radially
•Furniture
•Doors
•Flooring
•Boats
•Barrels
Elm •Attractive grain
•Resists splitting
•Moisture resistant
•Woodturning
•Garden furniture
•Outdoor projects
Birch •Not a large tree
•Common in Ireland
•Light-coloured wood
•Making plywood
•Furniture
•Flooring
Ash •Very common tree
•Grows quickly
•Hard, durable wood
•Wood is light-coloured
•Distinctive grain
•Elastic properties
•Hurleys
•Furniture
•Tool handles
•Laminating
Beech

8. Oak (hardwood)
•Seed called an acorn
•Hard, durable wood
•Finishes well
•Silver grain when cut radially
•Corrosive to steel – use brass fittings
•Uses
−Furniture
−Doors
−Flooring
−Boats
−Barrels

9. •Very common tree
•Grows quickly
•Hard, durable wood
•Wood is light-coloured
•Distinctive grain
•Elastic properties
•Uses
−Hurleys
−Furniture
−Tool handles
−Laminating
Ash (hardwood)

10. •Common slow growing tree with
smooth grey bark
•Light-coloured wood
•Close-grained
•Durable and hard-wearing
•Uses
−Furniture and flooring
−Mallets, bench hooks, gauges
−Kitchen utensils
Beech (hardwood)

11. •Not a large tree
•Common in Ireland
•Light-coloured wood
•Uses
−Making plywood
−Furniture
−Flooring
Birch (hardwood)

12. •Seeds – conkers
•Light-coloured wood
•Not durable
•Uses
−Packing cases
−Wood pulp
Horse chestnut (hardwood)

13. Other hardwood tree’s
•Elm
•Spanish chestnut
•Lime
•Cherry
•Sycamore
•Maple

14. Attractive grain
•Resists splitting
•Moisture resistant
•Uses
−Woodturning
−Garden furniture
−Outdoor projects
Elm (hardwood)

15. •Wood similar to oak
•Light brown colour
•Uses
−Flooring
−Kitchen units
−Furniture
Spanish chestnut (hardwood)

16. •Fast growing tree
•Absorbs air pollution
•Pale cream-coloured wood
•Easy to work with
•Uses
−Carving
−Musical instruments
Lime (hardwood)

17. •Small decorative tree
•Expensive wood
•Rich brown colour
•Uses
−High-quality furniture
−Flooring
−Cabinets
−Veneers
Cherry (hardwood)

18. •Very common in Ireland
•Winged seeds – helicopters
•Light-coloured wood
•Uses
−Carving
−Veneering
−Woodturning
−Violin making
Sycamore (hardwood)

19. •Hard-wearing wood
•Light-coloured
•Durable
•Uses
−Kitchen units
−Maple flooring
−Veneers
−Furniture making
Maple (hardwood)

20. Coniferous trees

21. •Tall tree – few branches
•Wood is light-coloured with
a distinct grain
•Wood is called red deal
•Easy to work with
•Finishes well
•Uses
−School project work
−Construction timber
−Doors and furniture
Scots pine (softwood)

22. •Needles grow all the way
around the twig
•Wood is reddish brown
•Decorative grain
•Light-weight and strong
•Tough, durable wood
•Resistant to decay
•Uses
−Outdoor furniture
−Gates
−Railway sleepers
Douglas fir (softwood)

23. •Most common in Irish
forestry – likes wet soil
•Strong wood
•Straight-grained
•Uses
−Structural timber
−Paper-making
−Flooring
−Fibreboard and
chipboard manufacture
Sitka spruce (softwood)

24. •Only conifer to lose needles in
winter
•Fast-growing, attractive tree
•Wood is reddish colour
•Wood tends to warp
•Uses
−Boat building
−Light furniture
−Exterior joinery
−Fence posts
Larch (softwood)

25. •Needles in pairs and densely
grouped
•Attractive wood – reddish
brown colour
•Wood tends to have a lot of
knots
•Uses
−Internal joinery
−Chipboard and fibreboard
manufacture
Lodgepole pine (softwood)

26. Timber regions of the world

27. Tropical Rainforests
Climate has high rainfall and high temperature
This area runs around the equator
As there are no seasons growth occurs all year
round
Examples: Mahogany
Balsa
Ebony
Teak

28. Quiz
Do you know your trees?

29. Name the trees pictured below
−Ash
−Beech

30. Name the trees pictured below
−Scots pine
−Oak

31. What tree is shown on the Canadian flag?
−Maple tree

32. Which conifer tree is the most common in Irish
forestry plantations?
−Sitka spruce

33. Name a conifer tree that is deciduous
−The larch tree
loses its leaves in
winter

34. What type of trees grow in Zone A on the map?
−Coniferous trees
ZONE A