1.2 Classification of disaster (2).pptx

classification of disaster management

1. Classification of disaster Presented by, G V Rathnamala Assistant professor GST, Bengaluru

2. According to their speed of onset i.e. sudden or slow. R apid onset disaster refers to an event or hazard that occurs suddenly, with little warning, taking the lives of people, and destroying economic structures and material resources. Slow onset disasters occur over time and slowly deteriorate a society's and a population's capacity to withstand the effects of the hazard or threat. Earthquakes, floods, storm winds, tornadoes, may cause such disasters or mud flows. Hazards causing these disaster conditions typically include droughts, famines, environmental degradation, desertification, and deforestation and pest infestation. CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTERS

3. Classification as per Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) CRED divided disasters into Natural and Technological Natural Technological Geophysical Meteorological Hydrological Climatological Biological Industrial hazards Structure collapse Power Outage Fire Transportation Hazardous materials Civil disturbance Sociological hazards

4. Popular Classification of Disasters ( i ) Natural Disasters 1. Heavy Rains, 2. Floods, 3. Draughts, 4. Earthquake, 5. Volcano Eruption, 6. Avalanche, 7. Landslide, 8. Epidemic, 9. Cyclone, 10. Heat Wave, Cold Wave. (ii) Manmade Disasters (a) Un-Intentional or Inadvertent: (1) Poor Maintenance, (2) Low Quality Work, (3) Human Error (b) Wilfully and Intentional: 1. Sabotage, 2. Mischief, 3. Revenge. 4. Riots, 5. Mob Furry, 6. Enemy Attack (c) Industrial and Technological - (Mostly system/Process Malfunction) 1. Nuclear Radiation. 2. Gas Leak. 3. Explosion. 4. Fire

5. Nature Based classification of Disasters 1. Elemental Disasters 2. Foreseeable Disasters 3. Deliberate Disasters 4. Accidental Disasters Instantaneous and prompted, by climatic or geological forces. Its destructive capability depends more on the number of vulnerable people in a given area than on their inherent severity Foreseeable disasters have complex root causes in which climatic and human activity interact over extended periods, leaving large numbers of people vulnerable. Deliberate disasters have roots in social economic and politics inequity . This can result in both high intensity hostile enemy actions in forms of declared battles or wars or low intensity conflicts Accidental disasters are a byproduct of negligence of risk-assessment while making scientific and technological advances . (a) Earthquake (b) Tidal waves (c) Floods (d) Volcanic eruptions (e) Landslides (a) Famines (b) Epidemics (a) Wars (b) Civil wars (c) Guerrilla warfare (d) Insurgency activities (e) Terrorism (a) Industrial catastrophes (b) Nuclear Catastrophes

6. Classification based on predominant agent Natural disasters Man-made disasters Hybrid Disasters

7. Natural disasters 1. Climate and Wind Related 2. Climate and Water Related 3. Earth Related (Geological) 4. Ocean Related 5. Space Related 6. Temperature Related Wind storm (tropical storms)/ storm surges/ hailstorm/ snowstorm Cyclone/Tropical cyclones Tornadoes Hurricane Tidal waves Typhoons Blizzard Fog Floods/ drainage/ river bank erosion/ dam-bursting/ levee failure Cloud bursts Flash flood Heavy (excessive) rains/ glaze (freezing rain) storms Drought Snowfall/ cold spell waves/ bitter winters/ hail/ frost Earthquakes/severe tremors Tsunamis Avalanches/snow avalanches Landslides Volcanic eruptions Rock falls Mudslides Subsidence Shifting sands Ocean currents Asteroid collisions Lightning's Heat wave White-out Forest fires/Bush fire

8. Man-Made Disasters War/battle/hostile enemy actions. Accidents of vehicles/ trains/ aircrafts/ships/traffic accidents. Industrial accidents disaster/explosion of boilers/ gas cylinders/gas Fire/forest fires/scrub fires/ wildfires/bushfire/grassland fires. Nuclear explosion disaster/ accidents/radioactive fallout/leakages Ecological disasters like deforestation/desertification environmental pollution Famine/food crises /food contamination/food security Toxic chemicals and hazardous wastes/release/dumping/carriage/ chemical time bombs/ chemical accidents. Toxic air pollutants/Mining disasters. Stratospheric ozone depletion/ Acid rain/acidification /global warming/greenhouse effect. Ocean water intrusion/sea-level rise/ coastal flooding/marine pollution. Pollution climate change Renewable resource depletion. HIV / AIDS. Demographic disaster/population bombs. Biotechnological hazards threats/GMOs (Genetically modifying organisms). Plastic panics. Poverty & deprivation. Nuclear warfare/Terrorism. Failures of public buildings or other structures. Animal and plant invasions (locusts).

9. Epidemics / Hybrid Disasters Vector-borne diseases.( Pleague ) Water-borne diseases. Food-borne diseases. Person-to-person diseases (contact and respiratory spread)- COVID-19 . Complications from wounds. Veterinary epidemics (within and across species)

10. Some natural disaster terminologies Blizzards and Snowstorms: A snowstorm is a winter storm in which the primary form of precipitation is snow. When such a storm is accompanied by winds above 32 mph that severely reduce visibility, it becomes a blizzard. Drought: A drought is a long-lasting weather pattern consisting of dry conditions with very little or no precipitation. Earthquakes: An earthquake is a sudden shift or movement in the tectonic plate in the Earth's crust resulting in moving and shaking of the ground .

11. Epidemic: An epidemic is a massive outbreak and spread of an infectious disease, and is historically the most dangerous of all natural disasters Famine: Famine is a natural disaster characterized by a widespread lack of food in a region and can be characterized as a lack of agriculture foodstuffs, a lack of livestock, or a general lack of all foodstuffs required for basic nutrition and survival. . Flood: A flood is a natural disaster caused by too much rain or water in a location and could be caused by many different sets of conditions. Forest Fire: A forest fire is a natural disaster consisting of a fire which destroys a forested area and can be a great danger to people who live in forests as well as wildlife.

12. Hailstorm: A hailstorm is a natural disaster where a thunderstorm produces a numerous amount of hailstones which damage the location in which they fall. Heat Wave: A heat wave is a disaster characterized by heat which is considered extreme and unusual in the area in which it occurs. Hurricanes: A hurricane is a cyclonic storm system which forms over the oceans. It is caused by evaporated water which comes off of the ocean and becomes a storm. Ice Storm: An ice storm is a particular weather event in which precipitation falls as rain, due to atmosphere conditions, but the in an area in which the temperature is below the freezing point of water. Lahar: A lahar is a type of natural disaster closely related to a volcanic eruption, and involves a large amount of material; including mud, rock, and ash sliding down the side of the volcano at a rapid pace.

13. Landslides : A landslide is a disaster involving actual elements of the ground, including rocks, trees, and parts of houses, and anything else which may happen to be swept up. Landslides can be caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or general instability in the surrounding land. Mudslides , or mud flows, are a special case of landslides, in which heavy rainfall causes loose soil on steep terrain to collapse and slide downwards Tornado: A tornado is a natural disaster resulting from a thunderstorm. Tornadoes are violent currents of wind which can blow at up to 318mph. Sinkholes: A localized depression in the surface topography, usually caused by the collapse of a subterranean structure, such as a cave.

14. Tsunami: A tsunami is a giant wave of water which rolls into the shore of an area with a height of over 15 m (50 ft.). Volcanic Eruption: This natural disaster is caused by the eruption of a volcano, and eruptions come in many forms. Volcano: A super volcano is an eruption which is thousands of times more massive than a normal eruption, the lower threshold for an eruption being declared that of a super volcano is that such an eruption must expel at least 1000 cubic kilometers of material.