1 e bil - structures - 2nd part - types of structures

Types of structures. 2nd part of the unit about structures in Technologies for 1st year ESO

1. 1
STRUCTURES
2nd part
Types of structures
Technologies
1st year ESO

2. Types of structures
1. MASS STRUCTURES
1. Mass structures
They can be made by, piling up or forming similar materials into a particular shape
or design.
Sand castles, dams and brick walls are manufactured mass structures.
Advantages: They are hold in place by their own weight. Losing small parts often
has little effect on the overall strength of the structure.

3. Types of structures
2. FRAME STRUCTURES
2. Frame Structures
They have a skeleton of strong materials, which is then filled and covered with other
materials, supporting the overall structure. Most of the inside part of the structure is
empty space.
Buildings made of steel beams and columns are an example of frame structures.
Sometimes the columns and beams are made of reinforced concrete instead of steel.

4. Concrete is a mixture of cement and stone
aggregate and mixed with a small amount of
water. When steel bars are placed in concrete,
the composite material is called reinforced
concrete. It resists compression and bending.
Types of structures
2. FRAME STRUCTURES

5. Types of structures
3. TRUSSES
3. Trusses
Trusses are frame structures formed by triangles.
The triangle is the most rigid frame structure and many complex structures are
based on triangles. The technique used in these type of structures is called
triangulation.

6. When forces are applied to a simple
four-sided structure, it can be forced
out of shape. A structure which
behaves in this way is said to be non-
rigid
By adding an extra bar the structure
can no longer be forced out of shape,
and is said to be rigid.
The effect is known as triangulation
Types of structures
3. TRUSSES

7. Types of structures
4. SHELL STRUCTURES
4. Shell Structures
Structures, which keep their shape and support loads, even without a frame, or
solid mass material inside, are called shell structures. These structures use an
outer layer of material to provide their strength and rigidity. The shape of a shell
structure spreads forces throughout the whole structure, which means every part
of the structure supports only a small part of the load, giving it its strength.
Examples include: egg cartons, water containers, gas tanks and cars

8. Types of structures
5. SUSPENSION STRUCTURES
5. Suspension structures
Suspension structures are those with horizontal planes (road decks, roofs, and even floors)
supported by cables (hangers). Suspension bridges are good examples of these structures. In
these bridges, cables suspended via towers hold up the road deck.

9. Types of structures
6. VAULTED STRUCTURES
6. Vaulted structures
Vaulted structures are those formed with arches. They are usually used to provide a big space
with a ceiling or roof. The weight of the ceiling is conducted through the vault into the pillars
(or columns) that are supporting it, and from those pillars into the foundation of the building.
Different shapes in the vaulted structures have been used through history and depending on
the different cultures.

10. Types of structures
7. GEODESIC STRUCTURES
7. Geodesic structures
Geodesic structures (usuaslly called geodesic domes) are a kind of shell structures in which the
shell is formed by polygons (usually triangles).

11. Types of structures
Think about the type of the structure of the
following buildings/objects and what
advantages it has

12. Mass structure

13. Mass structure

14. Mass structure

15. Vaulted structure

16. Vaulted structure

17. Vaulted
structure

18. Vaulted
structure

19. Frame
structure

20. Frame
structure

21. Frame
structure

22. Frame
structure

23. Shell
structure

24. Shell
structure

25. Shell
structure

26. Trusses

27. Trusses

28. Trusses

29. Suspension
structure

30. Suspension
structure

31. Suspension structure

32. Which type of structure is
each of the following
pictures?
Take it down in your notebook