1.Energy scenerio of india and Renewable energy

Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources — such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat—which are renewable (naturally replenished).

1. Energy and Environment Scenario CHAPTER-1

2. Energy “Energy is the ability to do work.” Energy in storage-Potential, or stored, chemical energy Energy in transit-Kinetic, or working, energy Energy can be converted from one form to another.

3. Energy Sources Energy resources can be classified on the basis of- Based on Usability of Energy Primary resources- eg. coal, crude oil, sunlight, wind, running rivers, vegetation and uranium etc Secondary Resources- e.g. electrical energy, thermal , refined fuels or synthetic fuels such as hydrogen fuels, etc. Based on Traditional Use Conventional- traditionally used. Like fossil fuels, nuclear and hydro resources Non-Conventional- e.g. solar, wind, biomass, etc. Based on Long-Term Availability Non-renewable- e.g. fossil fuels, uranium, etc Renewable- eg. wind , solar, geothermal energy, tidal and hydroelectric

4. Based on Commercial Application Commercial Energy Resource- eg. electricity, coal and refined petroleum products. Non-commercial Energy- firewood, agro waste in rural areas, solar energy for water heating, animal power for transport, irrigation and crushing of sugarcane, etc. Based on origin Fossil fuels energy Nuclear energy Hydro energy Solar energy Wind energy Biomass energy Geothermal energy Tidal energy Ocean thermal energy Ocean wave energy

5. Energy Scenario of the World Consumption Trend Of Primary Energy Resources

6. Impact of Energy Use on global environment and the need to reduce these impacts. 1. Conventional sources (except hydro) are non-renewable and finite assets. With present rate of consumption their availability is rapidly declining. 2. The demand of energy is increasing exponentially due to rapid industrialization and population growth, the conventional sources of energy alone will not be sufficient in the long run, to meet the growing demand. 3. Conventional sources (fossil fuels, nuclear) also cause pollution leading to degradation of the environment. Ultimately, their use has to be restricted within acceptable limits. 4. Large hydro resources affect wild life, cause deforestation and pose various social problems. 5. In addition to supplying energy, fossil fuels are also used extensively as feedstock for the manufacture of organic chemicals. As reserves deplete, the need for using fossil fuels exclusively for such purposes may become greater.

7. Common forms of Energy Electrical Energy Mechanical Energy Thermal Energy Chemical Energy

8. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Conventional Energy Sources Advantages Cost : At present these are cheaper than non-conventional sources. Security : As storage is easy and convenient, by storing certain quantity, the energy availability can be ensured for certain period. Convenience: These sources are very convenient to use as technology for their conversion and use is universally available. Disadvantages Fossil fuels generate pollutants There are safety and technical issues with nuclear energy. Hydroelectric plants are cleanest but large hydro-reservoirs cause problems like- As large land area submerges into water, it leads to deforestation Causes ecological disturbances such as earthquakes Affects wild life Causes dislocation of large population and their rehabilitation problems

9. Environmental Aspects Of Energy trade-off between Energy and Environment Ecology - deals with the relationship existing between living organisms (man, animals, plants and vegetation) and the environment. Greenhouse Effect- GHGs like CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, CFCs, hydro HCFC, ozone and water vapor Global Warming Pollution harmful Effects

10. What is Renewable Energy It is the energy from a source that is not depleted when used, such as wind or solar power. Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources — such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat—which are renewable (naturally replenished). Renewable energy technologies range from solar power, wind power, hydroelectricity/micro hydro, biomass and biofuels for transportation.

11. Why Renewable Energy? Because of the desire and necessity to avert irreversible climate damage Because of increasing oil prices In view of all these and other factors, governments worldwide support renewables with various incentives. Fossil fuels are non-renewable, that is, they draw on finite resources that will eventually dwindle, becoming too expensive or too environmentally damaging to retrieve. Many types of renewable energy resources-such as wind and solar energy-are constantly replenished and will never run out. Abundant sunshine

12. Renewable Resources Solar energy Wind energy Hydropower Tidal energy Geo thermal Bio-mass

13. Source-CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE INDIA

14. Conventional v/s Non-conventional energy sources Basis of Difference Conventional Energy Sources Non-Conventional Energy Sources Definition The sources of energy that have been used all around the world for a long time are called conventional energy sources. Those energy sources whose evolution has been done the recent years are known as non-conventional energy sources. Existence Conventional energy sources exist for many years. The non-conventional energy sources are relatively new sources of energy. Renewability Conventional sources of energy are generally non-renewable sources. Non-conventional sources are renewable sources of energy. Availability Conventional sources of energy available in limited quantity in nature. Since non-conventional sources are renewable, hence they available in abundance in nature. Formation Conventional energy sources require many year (or long period of time) for formation. Non-conventional energy sources can be formed in short period of time. Exhaustible Conventional energy sources shall exhaust one day. Non-conventional energy sources shall not exhaust because they are renewable. Examples The common examples of conventional sources of energy are coal, petroleum, natural gas, firewood, etc. The examples of non-conventional energy sources are sun, wind, tides, water, biofuels, etc.

15. Safety concerns There are many safety concerns surrounding the conventional sources such as fire in coal mines, explosion on oil platforms, burst of gas cylinders, etc. With non-conventional energy sources, no such safety concerns associated. Energy density Conventional sources of energy have high energy density. The energy density of non-conventional energy sources is less. Obtained from Conventional sources are generally obtained from the earth crest. Non-conventional energy sources are present in the environment such sun, wind, water, biomass, etc. Environmental impact Most of the conventional energy sources pollute the environment and cause global warming. Non-conventional energy sources are environment friendly and do not cause pollution. Cost Conventional energy sources are expensive. Non-conventional are relatively less expensive. Applications Conventional energy sources are mainly used at large scale in commercial and industrial applications such in thermal power plants, fuel in vehicles, etc. Non-conventional sources are used at small scale in domestic and specific commercial and industrial applications such as solar power for houses, offices, etc.

16. Salient Features Of Non-Conventional Energy Sources Merits : Non-conventional sources are available in nature free of cost. They produce no or very little pollution. Thus by and large they are environment friendly. They are inexhaustible. They have low gestation period. Demerits In general the energy is available in dilute form from these sources. Though available freely in nature the cost of harnessing energy from nonconventional sources is generally high. Uncertainty of availability: the energy flow depends on various natural phenomena beyond human control. Difficulty in transporting this form of energy. Difficulty in storage.

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