1 hardware fundamentals

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1. Hardware Fundamentals PC Repair and Troubleshooting

2. Computer Basics Hardware Software

3. Hardware Components Motherboard Power Supply Drives IO Devices Communication Devices Storage Devices

4. Motherboard CPU - performs most of the calculations which enable a computer to function Heat Sink and Fan – cools the CPU RAM - stores resident part of the current running OS and all running processes BIOS Boot firmware Fixed / ussually small programs Power Management Chipset - provides the supporting interfaces between the CPU and the various buses and external components. This chipset determines, to an extent, the features and capabilities of the motherboard. Internal Busses - connect the CPU to various internal components and to expansion cards for graphics and sound PCI SATA ATA External Busses Controllers - support ports for external peripherals. USB IEEE 1394 interface - serial bus interface standard for high-speed communications and isochronous real-time data transfer, frequently used by personal computers, as well as in digital audio, digital video, automotive, and aeronautics applications. Small Computer System Interconnect - set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices

5. Power Supply converts alternating current (AC) electric power to low-voltage DC power for the internal components of the computer

6. Drives CD / DVD / HD DVD / Blu Ray Floppy HDD USB Flash Tape

7. Input / Output Devices Keyboard Mouse Monitor Webcam Microphone Speaker Headset Printer Scanner

8. Storage Devices Primary Secondary Tertiary Disks Magneto optic disks Optical disks WORM Tapes USB Flash External HDD

9. Communication Devices Repeater NIC Modem Hub Bridge Switch Router

10. HUB BRIDGE SWITCH ROUTER Physical Layer Data Link Layer Data Link Layer Network Layer Bus Backbone MAC Address MAC Address IP Address Transmits to all ports Transmits only if on the other side Transmits to a designated host Transmits to a designated host Don’t analyse traffic Allow / Disallow traffic Manages traffic Avoids traffic 1 Collision & Broadcast Domain Every segment has a collision domain and Broadcast domain as a whole Every port has Collision Domain and Broadcast Domain as a whole Separates Broadcast Domain Same Subnet Same Subnet Same Subnet Differe nt Subnets used on small networks where the amount of data going across the network is never very high used to connect different network segments large networks use switches rather than hubs to connect computers within the same subnet most common home use for routers is to share a broadband internet connection. Creates a network segment Connects Network Segments Connects Network Segments Connects Network