1. introduction to automobile

introduction to automobile

1. Introduction to Automobile

2. Components of an Automobile The basic structure The power unit The transmission system The auxiliaries The controls The superstructure

3. Basic Structure the unit on which the other units are mounted. consists of Frame The Suspension system Axles Wheels Tyres

4. Frame To support the chassis components and the body. To withstand static and dynamic loads with undue deflection The frame is the main part of chassis on which the remaining parts of the chassis are mounted . It is a rigid structure that forms a Skelton to hold all the major parts together.

5. Types The conventional pressed steel frame The integral or frameless construction

6. Frameless ADVANTAGES Reduced weight and consequent saving in fuel consumption Lower manufacturing costs Safety to passengers Increased stability of the automobile DISADVANTAGES Reduction in strength and durability Economical only if it is adopted in mass production Increased cost or repairs Convertible cars are difficult to design in frameless construction

7. Suspension system To prevent the road shocks from being transmitted to the vehicle components To safeguard the occupants from road shocks To preserve the stability of the vehicle while in motion

8. WHEELS TYPES Different types of wheels have been used in automobiles over generations according to the requirement Wire- spoked wheels Pressed steel wheels Light alloy wheels

9. AXLE It is the wait carrying members may be on the rear or front , beams supported at ends. Axles are subjects to different kin of loads: Vertical load due to self weight A fore and aft load due to driving and braking Torque reactions due to drive and brake Side thrust due to centrifugal force during conference TYPES Fully floating type–(ONLY TORQUE–WEGHT SUPPORTED BY HOUSINGS) Three quarter floating type – ONLY TO TORQUE (TURN ON ROADS) Semi-floating type – BENDING AND TORQUE

10. The Power Plant (Engine) The engine provides the power to move the vehicle It generally consists of an IC engine, either SI or CI Gas turbines also have been used in vehicles Now, electric batteries for propelling the vehicle

11. transmission system transmission system consists of Clutch, Gear box, Propeller shaft, and Differential

12. transmission system To reduce the engine speed permanently in a fixed ratio To turn the drive through a right angle To make provision for the flexing of the road springs Clutch :- To disengage the system from the engine and to engage without shock to road wheels Gear box :- Provides the necessary leverage variation between the engine and road wheels Bevel pinion and crown wheels :- They turn the drive round through 90° and also provide permanent reduction in speed Universal joints :- Provide for the relative movement between the engine and the driving wheels due to flexing of road springs. Differentia l :- Helps to attain different speeds at different wheels while taking a turn

13. arrangement of transmission SYSTEMS types of THE arrangement Front engine and front wheel drive Rear engine and rear wheel drive Front engine and four wheel drive

14. front engine (Front Wheel Drive) The power is transmitted to front axles, from the front engine (Front Wheel Drive)

15. front engine (Front Wheel Drive) A few advantages are: The propeller shaft is eliminated. This permits low chassis height The pulls the car than pushing it, avoiding skidding tendency. Better road adhesion. few disadvantages are: The whole arrangement over front wheels is complicated. Constant velocity joints have to be used instead of universal joints Decrease of tractive forces when the vehicle is up the grade.

16. Rear engine RWD The engine is placed at the rear and the rear wheels are the driven wheels

17. Rear engine RWD Advantages are: Better tractive forces up the grade Front axle construction is simplified Absence of propeller shaft allows decrease in chassis height disadvantages are May lose balance at high speeds. Complicated linkage is required between the engine, clutch and gearbox. Rear position of engine, cooling effect is reduced.

18. Front engine four wheel drive Vehicles which operate on rough roads and unexpected road profiles, all the four wheels are the driving wheels It has got an extra transfer box, which divides the torque between front and rear wheels. Also there is a provision for disengaging the front wheels when not required The main advantage of the 4WD is that when any wheels fall into a ditch or a hole, they can be driven out with the help of other wheels or power being delivered to the same wheel

19. Car Body Styles Closed cars Sedan – has two or four doors, single compartment with two rows of seats. Hatchback – A sedan with a door at the back Coupe – only one row of seats for two persons. Only two doors are provided

20. Honda(Sedan) Suzuki SX4 Ford Fiesta 5 door (hatchback) Honda Civic (Hatchback) Different Closed cars

21. Different Closed cars Honda Genesis Coupe Honda Accord Coupe BMW X Coupe

22. Open cars Sports – Has two doors or less, provided with a collapsible hood, a fold-flat windscreen and removable side-screen. Convertible – Roof in this is of folding type. So the car roof can be closed or opened. Peugeot 9009 Sports Car

23. Dodge Viper Sports Car Audi Sports Car Ford Mustang Convertible Types of open cars

24. Types of open cars BMW M3 Convertible BMW M6 Convertible Chevrolet Camaro Convertible

25. Special styles Estate car – A sedan with the passenger roof extended up to rear end. Rear seats are usually collapsible for loading. Station wagon – Rear doors and four or five person seating capacity Mercedes AMG Estate Station Wagon

26. Classifications OF AUTOMOBILES Use Mopeds Motor cycles, scooters Cars, jeeps Buses and trucks Capacity Heavy transport Light weight transport Make and model Honda, Bajaj, TVS, etc. Maruti Suzuki, Tata, Mahindra etc. BMW, Audi, Ford, Mitsubishi etc. FUELS USED PETROL VEHICLES DIESEL VEHICLES BODY STYLE CLOSED CARS OPEN CARS SPECIAL TYPE CARS TRANSMISSION MANUAL SEMI- AUTOMATIC FLLY - AUTOMATIC CONTINOUSLY VARIABLE AUTOMATED MANUAL