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1. Practical Course
Registration is Open.
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2. 3
Drilling Rig Types:
Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging

3. 4
Drilling Land Rig Components:
Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging

4. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
Drilling Rig Components:
Hoisting System:
Draw Work.
Crown & Traveling Blocks.
Drill Line (Fast line).
Hook.
Dead line anchor.
supply Reel.
Circulating System:
Suction Tank.
Mud Pumps.
Standpipe.
Rotary Hose.
Drilling String.
Flow Line.
Solid Control Equipment.
Intermediate Tank. 5

5. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
•Rotating System:
•Rotary Table/Kelly.
•Top Drive System TDS.
•Down hole Motor.
•Power System:
•Generator Sets.
•S.C.R & VFD.
•Control Room.
•Well Control System:
•BOP Stack.
•Accumulator (Koomy) Unit.
•Gas Separator & Vacuum Degasser .
•Choke &Kill Manifold.
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6. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
Drilling Fluid:
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It is a mixture of liquids and chemicals that allow the drilling and completion of a well.
Drilling Fluid (mud):
•Water-based(Fresh/ Brine)
Cost-effective, easy to handle
Shale sensitive
•Oil-based
Non-reactive (inert)
Expensive, environmental impact

7. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
Health Safety & Environment (HSE)
Rig safety equipment:
A drilling site is equipped with various safety features, including
I.First aid kits.
II.Fire extinguishers.
III.Emergency air supplies.
IV.Warning sirens.
V.Gas monitors.
VI.Wind indicators (wind sock).
The location of this equipment and Muster Points should be noted prior to
an emergency since emergency conditions can be noisy and can be made
more dangerous by limited visibility and confusion.
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8. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
Well planning:
Planning a well is an interactive process between Geoscience and Engineering staffs
that involves frequent accessing of several databases and clear communication. Three
basic areas need to be examined in planning a well:
What target(s) will be evaluated?
How will the well(s) be drilled to reach those target(s)?
How will the target zone(s) be evaluated?
Wellsite data package: A data package should be prepared for use on the well-site
containing all of the data needed for correlation and evaluation. This includes maps,
offset well logs, the well prognosis, and any other data that the geologist believes
may be useful.
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9. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
Abbreviation Operation Abbreviation Operation
R/U Rig UP M/U Make Up
R/M Rig Move LCM Lost Circulation Material
R/D Rig Down WOB Weight on bit
R/R Rig Releas WOC weight on cement
RIH Run In Hole TDS Top Drive System
POOH Pull Out Of Hole BHA Bottom Hole Assembly
CSG Casing W/T Wiper Trip
DP Drill Pipe W/L Wire Line Logging
OEDP Open End Drill Pipe O/P Over Pull / ton
B/O Break Out TD Total Depth
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Operations Abbreviations

10. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
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11. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
Majorresponsibilityofmudloggingsystem:
•Geological data:
Obtained by physical examination of drilled
cuttings
•Hydrocarbon (reservoir and source)
data:
From analysis of drilled gases and mud
hydrocarbon content
•Surface drilling data:
Mechanical, hydraulic, and engineering
parameters
•Downholedrilling data:
Parameters from other sources such as
MWD/LWD Gamma Ray data
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12. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
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AbbreviationDrilling Parameter Unit
WOB Weight on Bit Ton.
HKLD Hook Load Ton.
TRQ Torque Kft.
RPM Rotation Per Minute RPM.
L-Depth Lag Depth m.
L-Time Lag Time Min.
SPM Stroke Per Minute SPM.
Flow in/outFlow in/out Gallon per
Minute
GPM.
BLKHGT Block Height m.
Pit-Act Pit Active bbl.
Pit Tot Pit Total bbl.
TBR Total Bit RevaluationTBR.
I-ROP Instance Rate of PenetrationMeter per Hour.
A-ROP AverageRate of PenetrationMeter per Hour.
SPP Stand Pipe Pressure Kpa.

13. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
Wireline Logging:
Wirelineloggingisacontinuousrecordingofthephysicalpropertiesofthe
formationalongtheboreholebyusingloggingtoolssuspendedbyacable
tocarrybackdownholedataintotheloggingunitwhichlocatedonthe
surfacetoprocessedanddisplayed.
Thewirelinehastowmaintypes:
OpenHole.
Casedhole.
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14. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
Casing:
Cylindricalsteelpipeusedto“case”adrilledhole
toconfine/containformationfluidsandcontroltheir
flowpreventingfracturingofupper,weakerzones,
aswellaspreventcavingoftheborehole.
Italsoprovidesameansforattachingsurface
equipment,suchasblowoutpreventersand
productiontree.
CasingTypes:
•Conductor
•Surface
•Intermediate
•Production/Liner
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15. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
Cementing:
•It’stheprocessofmixinganddisplacingacementslurrydownthecasinganduptheannular
spacebehindthecasingwhereitisallowedtoset,thusbondingthecasingtotheformation.
Thecementsheathprovidesahydraulicsealthatestablisheszonalisolation,preventingfluid
communicationbetweenproducingzonesintheboreholeandblockingtheescapeoffluidsto
thesurface,alsosupportsthecasingstringandprotectsthesteelcasingagainstcorrosionby
formationfluids.
•Cement Types:
•Conventional
•Light Weight
•Thermal
•Additives
•Lightweight/Heavyweight Additives: Reduce/Increase slurry density.
•Retarders: Increase thickening time and retard setting.
•Accelerators: Reduce waiting-on-cement time and increase early strength.
•Fluid Loss Additives: Reduce water loss, help sensitive formations, and help prevent
premature dehydration.
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16. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
Well Testing Operations:
Themajorpurposeoftestinga
wellistodeterminetheability
oftheformationtoproduce
fluid.
andtoanswerthequestions:
•Whatisthefluidtype?
•Howmuchitcanproduce?
•Whatarethereservoir
characteristics?
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17. Mud loggingOperations
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18. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
isaservicethatqualitativelyandquantitativelyobtains
datafrom,andmakesobservationsof,drilledformation,drillingfluid
anddrillingparametersbyexaminingandanalyzinggeological
informationcontainedinformationcuttingsanddrillingmud,to
determinedrilledlithology,oilandgasshowsandreconstruct
conditionsatdepth,andmonitoringthedrillingparameters.Then
recordinggeologicalinformationversusdepthanddrilling
parametersversustime.
Mudlogging,initsconventionalimplementation,involvestherig-
sitemonitoringandassessmentofinformationthatcomestothe
surfacewhiledrilling,withtheexclusionofdatafromdownhole
sensors,theterm"surfacelogging"issometimesused,andthe
personnelperformingtheservicesmaybecalled"surface-logging
specialists"(Petro-Wiki).
Basicmudloggingservicesnowtypicallytrackdrillingrates,
lithology,visualhydrocarbonindicators,totalcombustiblegasin
mudandindividualhydrocarboncompoundsinthegasalongwith
numerousdrillingparameters.Thesedays,thetermsurfacelogging
issometimesusedtoencompassarangeofenhancedmudlogging
servicesthatincorporateadvancedsensorandcomputing
technologytoprovidemonitoringforwellborestabilityandearlykick
detection.(SLB).
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19. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
•Collects, prepares and packs cuttings samples based on Sampling
Program.
•Alerts necessary team members about unusual cuttings.
•Assist mud loggers in monitoring the well and all of the maintenance
of the equipment.
•Samples description, analyzing and Interpretation.
•Hydrocarbons (Oil & Gas) Shows Evaluation.
•Formation Tops Identification.
•Lag time check.
•Determination of zone of interest.
•Preparation and updating of Master Logs.
•Casing and Core points determination.
•Assist the well-site geologist during coring operations.
•Provides written reports to the Geological Supervisor (DGR& FWR).
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20. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
•Pore pressure prediction.
•Pore pressure estimation.
•Engineering parameters, monitoring and detection.
•Monitoring wellbore instability indications.
•Producing pressure versus depth plots.
•Preparing daily and final well pressure reports.
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21. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
•Acquisition and presentation of Real Time Data to the client.
•Monitoring and Interpretation of Real Time data.
•Mud logging Unit Rigging Up and Down.
•Sensors and Gas System calibrationandchecks.
•Preparation and Presentation of Daily Reports.
•Attending Casing and Cementation jobs.
•Attending LOT tests.
•Attending Core Drilling and Core Recovery.
•Attending Fishing, Milling and Other Well Complications jobs.
•Take on the primary health and safety role for the well through constant monitoring of
all critical drilling parameters.
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22. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
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JHA, Near-miss & Accidents Reports.
SCBA
Ground cable
30-Minute-Breathing
Apparatus

23. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
MudloggingsamplingusuallystartsattheSurfacesection.
SamplesaretakenbasedonsamplingprograminwellGeologicalProposal.
SamplesarecollectedfromsampleBoxattheShaleShaker.
Samplesshouldberepresentativeoftheintervals.
Samplestypes:
I.Unwashedsample-Wetbag:(twosetsfortheClientandtheGoverment).
II.Washed-descriptionsample:(ForlithologyDescription,shouldbewet).
III.Washed-drysample:(forOilshowsevaluation,thenPackedinVial,EnvelopeandFile).
IV.Spotsample:(aretakenwhenchangesinROPorGasreadingsareobserved).
V.Bottomsample:(aretakenincaseofcorepoint,Casingpointdetermination,andtripor
POOH).
VI.Biostratasample:Washed(ForPalynologystudies(pollens&spores-Dating,kerogen
type,Biozonation,paleoclimate),aretakenwhenDarkcolorClayexceed80%in
sample).
VII.Geochemicalsamples:Unwashed(ForSourceRockEvaluation(RE,Ro,GC,GCSMandKT),are
takenwhenDarkcolorClayexceed80%insample).
VIII.SpecialSamples(SWC,RFT,FMT&QFT).
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24. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
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Conventional Core and Side Wall Core

25. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
Cuttings Lithological Description and Interpretation:(Mud Logger):
Cuttings Samples Description Equipment.
Cuttings Samples Lithological Description.
Cuttings Samples Lithological Interpretations.
Rate of Penetration (ROP).
Accessory Minerals.
Visual Porosity.
Well Geological Correlation.
Welltrainedmudloggersexaminethecuttingsusingabinocularmicroscope,UVboxandlaboratorytests
todeterminetheircomposition,properties,hydrocarboncontent,andvisualporosity.Theinformationis
usedtoupdatecomputerizedMasterlog.
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26. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
Oil Shows Evaluation Steps:
Step1:OILSTAIN;UnderMicroscope:(rr,tr,occ,mnr,com,abdnt,
pred)+(ltbrn,brn,dkbrn)ostnornvisostn.
Step2:FLUORESCENCEDISTRIBUATION;UnderUVBox:(rr,tr,occ)
spt/(mnr,com)patchy/(abdnt,pred)even+(dl,fnt,bri)+(yel,
yelshwh,wh,mlkywh….)fluor.
Step3:CUTFLUORESCENCE;Byaddingsolvent(Chloroform)(rr,tr,
occ,mnr,com,abdnt,pred)+(slo/mod/fst)+(strmg/blmg)+(dl,fnt,
bri)+(yel,wh,mlkywh)ctfluor.
Step4:RESIDUALOIL;Dissolvingsamplebyaddingsolventto
sampleonafilterpaper:(rr,tr,occ,mnr,com,abdnt,pred)+(lt
brn,brn,dkbrn)+resdoornvisresdo.
OilOdor:Thefirstindicationofthepresenceofhydrocarbonthe
odor(smell)maypresentinthecutting;youcanusegeneralterm
suchasslight,mod,orstrongoilodor.
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27. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
GasShowsEvaluation:(MudLogger):
OnsiteextractionandanalysisofgasfromthedrillingfluidtodeterminetheTotal
Gas,C1–nC5components,H2SandCO2ofFormations.
GasSampling:(On-lineSampling):
Gasreadingsareobtainedfromthemudsystembyplacingaseparatororgas
trapintheditch(possumbelly)orflow-line.Extractedgasisdrawnintothemud
loggingunitwhereit'scontentsaremeasuredbyavarietyofgasdetectors;
usuallyatotalhydrocarbondetector,achromatograph,aCO2detectorandaH2S
detector.
TotalGasandC
1–nC
5components(inppm)aredeterminedbyFlameionization
detector(FID)orThermalConductivityDetector(TCD).Theacquisitionsystem
recordstheresultsinthedatabaseatthedepthcorrespondingtotheoriginof
thegasanddisplaysthemontherigmonitorsandsurfacelogs.
Theamountofgasrecordedisdependentuponmanyvariables,including:
•Volumeofgasperunitvolumeofformation.
•Degreeofformationflushing.
•Rateofpenetration.
•MudDensityandMudViscosity.
•Formationpressure.
•Gastrapefficiency.
•Gasdetectorefficiency.
•Variabilityofmudflowrate.
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28. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
LagTimeCalculations
a) Theoretical lag time = lag strokes= minute.
Total SPM
b) Actual lag time = cycle strokes –down strokes= minute.
Total SPM
c) Caving= Actual lag time -theoretical lag timeX100
Theoretical lag time
Caving:
•When the result is negativethis indicates(Tight hole).
•When the result is positivethis indicates(caving).
When the result is zerothis indicates(Good condition).
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29. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
DGR:
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30. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
Pore Pressure Evaluation:(Pore Pressure Engineer):
Abnormalporepressuresmaycauseseriousdrillingincidents(e.g.,fluid
influx,kicks,andevenblowouts),iftheseabnormalpressuresarenot
accuratelypredictedinapredrillstageordetectedinareal-timedrilling.
Duringdrilling,PressureEngineerprovidea24/7serviceattheWellsite,using
real-timepressuremonitoringsoftware,evaluatingdataandadjustingthe
predrillmodelforaccurateestimationofporepressure,fracturegradient,
andoverburden.Interpretationsandrecommendationsarecommunicatedto
keydecisionmakersattheWellsiteandintheoffice.Remotelybased
interpretationexpertsprovideadditionalsupporttotheWellsiteandparty
teamsasrequiredthroughin-depthanalysisofthedailyreportssubmittedby
theWellsiteGeologist.
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31. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
Drilling Operations Monitoring:(Data Engineer):
Themudloggingunitincludesinstrumentationto
real-timemonitorthebasicdrillingparameters.
Themudloggingunitisthereforetheoneplace
onarigwhereallthedrillingoperationsand
geologicalinformationisobservedandrecorded,
itservesasinformationcenter.
Thedataengineerscontinuallymonitor,record
andanalyzethesensorsdata.Alloperationsare
recordedanddisplayedontherigsite.Thisallows
thedrillingteamtowatchoperationsandidentify
shiftsintrendsthatcouldindicateoperations
problems.
Alltheparametersspecifiedinthecontractscope
ofservicesshallberecordedagainsttimeand
continuouslymonitored.Sensorsareusedto
monitoringdrillingoperations.
Thefollowingtableliststhemost
importantdrillingparameters:
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NO.Parameters AbbreviationUnit
1-Rateof
Penetration
ROP m/h
2-Rotary speed RPM rpm
3-Hook Load HLD ton
4-Weight on BitWOB ton
5-Rotary TorqueTRQ knm
6-Stroke Speed GPM gpm
7-Block Height BLH m
8-Pits Volume Pit# bls
9-Pumps Pump# spm

32. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
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•Encoder:Block Height (Depth Sensor).

33. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
Drilling Operations Monitor (Acquisition
Computer).
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34. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
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Drilling, Gas &
Mud data
Mud volumes,
density, temp.
Mud tests
reports
Pump rate, pressure
Displacement volumes
Depth, ROP data.
Survey, Logging data
Master log,
Logging data
Drilling
Parameters
& Mud data
Lithology,
Oil & Gas
shows,
Drilling &
Mud
Parameters,
Gas Data
Mud Engineer
Drilling Supervisor
Driller
Cement Engineer
Off-site Client, Real-time monitoring. LWD and Directional Drilling Crew
Well-site Geologist
Wireline logging Crew
Mud Logging Unit serves as
information center

35. Wellsite Operations and Mud Logging
Advances and InnovationsinMud logging:
Overthelastfewyearstherehasbeenanincreasinginterestin
usingmoreadvancedlaboratoryanalyticalmethodsattherig-site.
Technologiessuchas
and giveaquantitativeanalysisofthe
elementalcompositionandmineralspresentinthecuttingssample.
Combinedwithtechniqueslike and toanalyzethe
type,originandmaturityofhydrocarbonmaterialinthecuttings,it
isnowpossibletogetadetailedquickanalysisattherig-sitein
ordertoidentifypotentialzonesofinterest.
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XRD XRF Pyrolysis

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