1. Role of Stakeholders in disaster management-Tahseen.pptx

role of stake holder in disaster management for MHA students

1. Role of multiple stakeholders in disaster management SUBMITTED TO: DR.ANJALATCHI Msc (N),MD(AM),MBA(HA) ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR ERA UNIVERSITY SUBMITTED BY: DR.TAHSEEN SIDDIQUI ERA UNIVERSITY

2. Content Stakeholders in CBDRR 5 Examples of CBDRR 6 Role of Media 7 Who are STAKEHOLDERS? 1 Stakeholders 2 Community-based disaster risk reduction (CBDRR) 3 Examples of media 8 Role of Community 4

3. Content… Example of Private Sector 13 Role of International Agencies 14 Initiatives of International Agencies 15 Role of NGO’s 9 Type of NGO’s 10 Examples of NGO’s 11 Role of Educational Institutions 16 Role of Private Sector 12

4. Content… Role of Scientific Community 17 Conclusion 19 Summary 18

5. Who are STAKEHOLDERS? The stakeholders in emergency risk management are those that may contribute to, be affected by or be involved in the planning, response or recovery from an emergency situation.

6. Stakeholders Community Media NGO’s Private Sector Educational Institution International Agencies

7. Communities are the first responders in case of a disaster. Therefore, community-based disaster risk reduction (CBDRR) should be the core of any risk reduction approach. Disaster risk reduction focuses more on reducing underlying risk, encouraging preventive action before a disaster. CBDRR emerged as a result of a shift from reactive emergency management to disaster risk reduction. It focuses more on pre-disaster interventions such as prevention, mitigation, and preparedness-related activities. For instance, prevention measures aim to avoid the occurrence of disasters, which may not be possible in the case of natural disasters, but the intensity and frequency of disasters could be reduced through poverty alleviation and asset redistribution plans and the provision of basic services such as education and health care Community-based disaster risk reduction (CBDRR)

8. Role of Community Before a Disaster: The community can play a pivotal role in mitigation and preparedness of a disaster. Some of the activities in which the community can be roped in are as follows: Identification of the vulnerable areas, Identification of the vulnerable population, Aware of the past history, Making Disaster Management Plans, Local coping strategies, Awareness Generation, Community-Based Warning System During Disaster : The community can play a vital role in the following Search & Rescue, Evacuation, Medical First Response, Building and locating place for temporary shelters, Needs analysis of the affected community, Relief Management and Distribution, Identification of Vulnerable Group’s, Coordination with authorities/ NGOs, Reduces costs as it uses local material and wisdom stages during a disaster: After a Disaster : The community can also play an important role in the rehabilitation and recovery phase where existing local coping strategies can be used for the maximum benefit as it: Reduces costs as it uses local material and wisdom, Serves in Long-term Mitigation, Helps in restoration of affected livelihoods and economy.

9. Communities do not exist in isolation. They are part of a system, and different stakeholders have specific roles to play in community practices, community management, community planning, and community-based actions. Both governments and civil society organizations (CSOs) are major actors in DRR at the national as well as the local level. In the process of DRR, greater emphasis must be placed upon local-level and community-based approaches, indigenous knowledge, and coping strategies supported by CSOs. The involvement of CSOs and local governments (LGs) in DRR is essential to address the need of communities to identify the most effective tools and solutions in the planning and implementation process within the local context, as it is at the local level that the impacts of a disaster are most immediately felt. Stakeholders in CBDRR

10. Examples of CBDRR The eastern state of Odisha in India, frequently suffers from cyclones and floods. In August 2020, it was two coastal villages in Odisha, Venkatraipur in Ganjam district and Noliasahi in Jagatsingpur district which earned the recognition of being ‘Tsunami Ready’ from the UNESCO-Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, making India the first country in the Indian Ocean Region to establish such high levels of disaster preparedness at the community level. Community based disaster risk reduction is at the very heart of Odisha’s approach towards disaster management. Odisha has a good community outreach system through which people can be contacted on time. There is a network of 450 cyclone shelters and each shelter has a maintenance committee trained in rescue and relief activities. Through a network of these shelters and committees, the state has involved the entire community making it easy to disseminate warnings and evacuate people. During Cyclone Amphan , nearly 200, 000 people were evacuated in the state. Cyclone preparations began as soon as the alerts were issued by the Indian Meteorological Department and restoration efforts were undertaken on a war footing so that by the time the cyclone steered away from Odisha towards West Bengal more than 85 percent of the power restoration work was already done.

11. Role of Media 11 Media forges a direct link between the public and emergency organizations and plays a vital role in disseminating important information to the public before, during and after disasters. Radio, television and the internet are amongst the fastest channels for the transmission of knowledge and information across wide areas. Channels for delivering messages include face-to-face conversations, stake holder meetings (workshops, conferences, seminars, training etc.), telephone calls, newspapers, magazines, radio, TV, internet, cinema films, billboards, books as well as CDs, DVDs, etc.

12. Examples of media August 14, 2021 slidemodel.com 12 NDTV India’s primetime show on July 20 was noteworthy for more reasons than one. As calamitous floods ravaged Assam, NDTV conducted possibly the longest and most detailed discussion on the disaster, which strikes the northeastern state every monsoon. Kumar told his viewers that despite floods being a natural phenomenon, human intervention has aggravated the problem over the last 150 years. Kumar also explained how the erection of river embankments was touted as a solution after Independence, gaining currency after the massive earthquake of 1950. Unfortunately, this added to the increased devastation caused by the floods.

13. The Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs) are the most effective means of achieving an efficient communication link between the disaster management agencies and the affected community. NGOs are of different types, with specific areas of operation and varied fields of expertise. Role of NGO’s

14. Type of NGO’s 02 03 04 05 06 01 NGOs with Dedicated Field Operations and Resource Backup- NGOs Related with Development Technology Interest Groups Associations of Local Occupation Groups Local Residents' Associations Religious Bodies 01. Large organisations , such as the International Red Cross Society. They have, specific areas in which they carry out field operations. They have access to a large resource base, and have the capability to extend material, financial as well as technical support to disaster-affected sites. 02. These are NGOs involved in developing and propagating development technologies, such as Sulabh International, which is renowned for its work in low-cost sanitation. They could also be called in at the time of emergency arising out of disaster situations. They facilitate the work of infrastructure provision to the affected communities. 03. These are multi-purpose in nature having varied interests, such as the Rotary Club. They are very active and have come forward to help disaster victims in the times of need. They could play a major role in resource mobilisation for relief aid and rehabilitation purposes. 04. Such associations are formed on the basis of common occupational backgrounds, and could include groups such as doctors' associations, traders' associations and Army wives' association etc. Such groups, could play a major role in resource mobilisation , and provision of specialised services to the victims. 05. These Residents' Welfare Associations (RWAs) are formed by the local residents to look into the interests of those living in their area. These associations are extremely concerned about the welfare of the local community and need no external motivation or resource backup to take active part in disaster reduction. Thus, they could act as a very useful tool for getting across the message of community participation at the ground level. 06. They come to the immediate rescue and relief of the disaster victims, They have a large and dedicated following in their communities. They also have control over the local places of worship, which are usually built on high and safe ground, and can serve as ideal shelters for the disaster victims. They often have infrastructure and resources lo feed mass gatherings, which facilitate disaster relief work.

15. Examples of NGO’s August 14, 2021 slidemodel.com 15 Rapid Response - Rapid Response is an award-winning organisation , providing disaster relief and rehabilitation services across India. It is actively working for the communities affected in Assam floods every year, since 2015. They help flood survivors to rebuild their lives after disasters by providing immediate support. Their most recent interventions in Jammu Kashmir, Tamil Nadu and Assam have impacted thousands of lives. Goonj - Goonj is working in disasters since more than a decade now and knows how to utilise timely donation for people’s need. With systemic approach from relief to rehabilitation efforts, it has worked extensively during Chamoli (1999) to Tsunami (in 2004), Kosi floods (in 2008), Uttarakhand , J&K, Hud Hud Cyclone in Odisha , floods in Chennai and Andhra to the annual floods in 9 states last year to the floods this year etc.

16. Experience has shown the effects of disasters on poorer nations are long lasting and more severe than in developed countries, often depleting scarce financial resources and diverting essential funds towards post-disaster relief and reconstruction. A much closer interaction between business and government is needed to ensure appropriate risk reduction strategies, adequate measures for implementation of protection and security measures, and a liability and insurance regime that takes proper account of the needs of the community and business sector alike. Private sector entities also have a large untapped potential to help provide skilled services in form of technical manpower or in-kind donations of goods or services for preparedness & emergency response phase of disaster management. Role of Private Sector

17. Example of Private Sector slidemodel.com 17 Tata group undertakes a whole range of activities while responding in the aftermath of a disaster; from emergency services, to relief operations to long-term rehabilitation projects. Over the past six years, the One Tata team has reached out to over 7,65,000 people in these areas, through relief measures and extensive rehabilitation programs. Monetary support for the activities has poured in for all the disasters that have been responded to, from over a 100 Tata companies across geographies, some of which also include employee contributions

18. With the world becoming a global village, the interdependence of nations has increased. The concept of international disaster assistance is recognised by most nations as being valid, practicable and productive and has been accepted both by the victim and donor countries. The most significant example of this is the earthquake of Barn in Iran in December 2003, in which most part of the town constituting around 50,000 population was destroyed with hardly any survivors. The international agencies, UN organisations , Red Cross and Red Crescent, foreign governments and other agencies rushed emergency assistance, with search and rescue operations, medical aid and relief supplies. The important point is that even USA which did not have diplomatic relationship with Iran for over 20 years, helped. Role of International Agencies

19. Initiatives of International Agencies August 14, 2021 slidemodel.com 19 United Nations System - UN has designated the Office of the Coordinator for Humanitarian Affairs (OCIIA) for handling immediate disaster response and United Nations Development Program (UNDP) to promote disaster prevention, mitigation and preparedness. UNDP Disaster Risk Management Program - The program aims to minimise losses of development gains from disasters and reduce vulnerability. World Bank - World Bank offers project loans for reconstruction and development to developing countries. Realising the importance of disaster management in development projects, World Bank now incorporates disaster management component in many of its projects. Asian Development Bank - Asian Development Bank, which is in Manila, is a Philippines-based regional development bank for Asia and the Pacific. It provides long-term project financing. ADB has also financed rehabilitation projects in India mostly in conjunction with IBRD.

20. Role of Educational Institutions The educational institutions such as schools and colleges play an important role in disaster management. Their prime responsibility is to spread awareness on natural disasters, provide preventive action needed to minimise damage due to disasters as well as ensure immediate relief and rescue. These institutions have large buildings at Iocal levels, which could be used as shelters for the victim in the times of disaster.

21. Role of Scientific Community 21 Almost three-quarters of all natural disasters – floods, tropical cyclones, droughts, forest fires or epidemics – are weather- and climate-related. The World Meteorological Organization contributes to the mitigation of such disasters through the following programs: The World Weather Watch (WWW) contributes to the generation and real time exchange of data, the availability of forecasts, warnings and advisories for the public and the international community. The Public Weather Services (PWS) supports the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services in disaster reduction activities by coordinating the provision of routine forecasts and information. The Tropical Cyclone Programme (TCP) ensures capacity building and promotes nationally and regionally coordinated systems to ensure advance and effective preparedness against tropical cyclones and associated phenomena. The World Climate Programme (WCP) provides through its Climate Information and Prediction Services (CLIPS) assistance to countries in the application of climate information and knowledge to the prediction and early warnings of climate-related natural disasters. The World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) is aimed at developing and promoting techniques that are cost-effective and improved to be able to forecast high-impact weather like land-falling cyclones, sand and dust storms and warm season heavy rainfall that can initiate severe flooding. The Hydrology and Water Resources Programme (HWRP) : assists the National Hydrological Services ofWMO’s Member countries in assessing the risks and forecasts of water-related hazards with a focus on major floods and droughts.

22. The increasing occurrence of natural and human-caused disasters, including armed conflicts, is causing extensive loss of life, damage to property, and harm to the environment. Natural disasters like floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, landslides, volcanic eruptions and drought also cause tremendous devastation. There is an increase in the frequency of these disasters and the damage caused by them The countries are gradually shifting from disaster response to a more proactive approach to disaster management. A proactive stance to reduce the toll of disasters in the region requires a more comprehensive approach that encompasses both pre-disaster risk reduction and post-disaster recovery. Summary

23. CONCLUSION India has taken great strides in disaster preparedness and risk reduction. As a partner in the worldwide movement to usher a Culture of Prevention, India has taken strong steps to move from relief-based response to equal emphasis on prevention, mitigation, preparedness, relief, response, reconstruction and rehabilitation. The most significant change has been brought about by the passage of the Disaster Management Act 2005. It has ensured joint responsibility of both Central and State Governments for managing disasters and provided for a dedicated institutional mechanism and funding at the national, state and district levels. India is thus going through a phase of intense preparedness for all disasters. The aim of these initiatives is to usher in a Culture of Prevention across the spectrum of stakeholders in the short and long run.

24. THE E ND Thank You