1. Urban Design - TERMINOLOGIES - lecture-1.ppt

Urban planning

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Lecture-1
Planning Terminologies

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URBAN AREA
TOWN
CITY

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Urban Area
all places with a municipality, corporation or
cantonment board or notified area committee
&
all other places satisfying following criteria –
1.a minimum of 5000 persons &
2.at least 75% of male working population being
engaged in non-agricultural activity.
3.Density approximately 400 persons/sq km

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PLANNING
•PRE-THINKING AND PRE-ARRANGING THINGS
BEFORE EVENT TAKES PALCE
•ORGANISED PROCESS TO ACHIEVE DEFINITE GOAL
WITH OPTIMAL UTILISATION OF RESOURCES
•A PROCESS FOR DETERMINING APPROPRIATE
FUTURE ACTIONS THROUGH A SEQUENCE OF
CHICES FOR A KNOWN SPECIFIED PERIOD.

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Urban Planning
Urban planning is defined as an
organized process by which an urban
area achieves it’s development goals.
In other words, Town Planning is a
process to establish the goals, policies
and procedures for a social and
economic unit called urban area.

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•OBJECTIVES
HEALTH AND SAFETY
CONVINIENCE
AESTHETICS
Urban Planning

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•NEED
HAPHAZARD DEVELOPMENT
CONGESTION
SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISION
SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS
INDUSTRIES AND POLLUTION
CRIME
Urban Planning

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•PRINCIPLES
1.NO HAPHAZARD PROCESS
2.HOUSING FOR ALL CLASS
3.CIVIC INFRASTRUCTURE AND AMENITIES
4.ADEQUATE OPEN SPACES
5.ZONING FOR LAND USE
6.GREEN BELT
Urban Planning

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Region
It is a space comprising of cultural, social, and
economic aspects bounded by geographical or
administrative boundaries.
A planning region is selected fro planning
purposes.
Regional planning is instrument for economic
development and to achieve socio-economic
development of a depressed area or
developable area.

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Urbanization
the quality or
state of being
or becoming
urbanized to
cause to take
on urban
characteristics.

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Urban sprawl
Spread of
urban growth
outwards
from the
town to the
suburbs.
Mumbai -Sprawl

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Urban agglomeration
an urban agglomeration
may constitute a city with
continuous outgrowth
(1)one town with similar
outgrowth or two or more
towns with their
outgrowths
(2)a city and one or more
adjoining towns with their
out-growths all of which
from a continuous
spread.

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Urban structure
it is the underlying basic
skeletal system around
which different parts of
urban area are bonded
together.
This system comprises of
physical, functional, social
and perceptional
components, which are
instrumental in determining
the nature and character of
the area.

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Urban Form
It is the collection of three
dimensional expression of
an urban area as
represented by the elements
of built and open spaces and
their relationship to each
other.
The term built would refer to buildings, city walls, vertical towers, flyovers etc.
while open spaces would include streets, courtyards, roads, parks, tot-lots,
river beds etc.
Size, shape, grain and texture of an area are some of the characteristics which
determine the nature of urban form.

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City
at the core of the urban areas is a city. It may be a
historic center and its boundary may coincide with the
former position of defensive wall.
Census of India, 1991 classifies
urban units above one lac of
population as city.

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City region
the city’s built area and its sphere of
influence –that part which looks to the
city for jobs and services.
The city region is therefore a functional
definition, based upon patterns of
movement, in contrast to the physical
definition of conurbation.

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Conurbation
Conurbation is a term
used by Patrick Geddes,
a town planner.
The joining together of
several towns and cities
into one vast urban area
which swallowed villages
and smaller towns in its
path.

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Growth centers
the areas of small towns or larger
villages which have potential of
becoming nuclei for the future economic,
social and political development of the
surrounding.

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Growth centers

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Development
development means socio-economic and
physical growth as a result of planning
process.
Development can be understood as a process
consisting of the following three sub-
processes: production, its provision &
utilization where the people have a choice
and the process is sustainable over a long
period of time.

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Restructuring
this refers to the development process applied to alter
the existing structure of an area for improved
functional efficiency and/or image.
The restructuring process may not necessarily demand
extensive interventions to alter the structure but
generally involves sensitive relocation of uses and
reorientation of functional networks within and outside
the area.
i.e. making one way lanes, parking interventions etc.

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Redensification
this refers to the increase in floor space area of a
portion of the city to accommodate additional
population for residential purposes or other urban
activities as part of the urban redevelopment or
renewal programmes for the city.
Often, the process is applied to under-utilized
segments of the inner city and maximizes the
utilization of available infrastructure.
i.e. Apartments on sites of bungalows, high-rises on sites
of low rises

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Master plan
a comprehensive long range plan intended to
guide the growth and development of a city,
town or region expressing official contemplation
on the course its transportation, housing and
community facilities should take and making
proposals for industrial settlements, commerce,
population distribution and other aspects of
growth and development.
It is usually accompanied by drawings,
explanatory data and prefatory apologia
explaining limitations.

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Master plan

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Land use
a broad term used to
classify land according
to present use and
according to the
suitability for future
uses which is for
housing, open spaces
and parks,
commercial, industrial
etc.

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Zone
•Zone is division of the development area
fro development under the act.
•Zoning is the legal regulation of the use of
land.

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Progressive development
a form of development in which buildings
and services are gradually improved as
funds become available.

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Urban design
planning and design of
cities focusing on
three-dimensional form
and function of public
and publicly accessible
spaces. (Melbourne
street designs by Craig
Perry)

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Neighborhood
an area whose inhabitants
share certain social
services such as a primary
school.
They are usually designed
to minimize walking
distances to school and
avoid the crossing of major
roads by children

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Urban Renewal
•It is the process of improving the built
environment of an urban area by
conservation, rehabilitation or
redevelopment.

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Further References
•Kulshrestha Dr. S.K., 2006, Dictionary of
urban and regional planning, Kalpaz
publications, Delhi.