10. Cell Transport Systems in Organisms.pptx

Year 8 Science

1. Chapter 10: Transport Systems in Organisms

2. Donating blood

3. 10.1 The Need for a Transport System

4. 10.1 Vocabulary Essentials Something you need to survive Substances a particular kind of matter (solid, liquid, gas) with uniform (the same) properties Multicellular Made of more than one cell Efficient Maximum work with minimum wasted effort

5. Key Ideas A transport system is important to multicellular organisms to ensure the support of life in cells. A transport system has to be fast enough to deliver substances throughout the organism.

6. What do transport systems provide to the cells?

7. Test Yourself p.4 Disruption of the body's transport systems can lead to poor delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues, reduced waste removal, impaired immune response, and increased risk of various diseases. The severity of the consequences depends on the extent and nature of the disruption. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and managing stress, can contribute to the proper functioning of these transport systems and overall well-being .

8. 10.2 Transport Systems in Plants

9. Review: What are the parts of a plant cell? 1 2 3 4 5 6

10. Hydroponic Boom

11. Hydroponic Boom

12. 10.2 Transport Systems in Plants Discuss: How do you think hydroponic farming works? Read the section: Hydroponic Boom ! How does hydroponic farming work? What are the advantages to growing food in this way?

13. Read p.5 & Answer these questions Do plants need soil in order to grow? No What do plants need in order to grow? Mineral salts , nutrients, water, sunlight, carbon dioxide, chlorophyll ( photosynthesis ). Mineral Salts = sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium

14. 10.2 Transport Systems in Plants (p.5) What do plants need to survive? What are nutrients? What are mineral salts needed for? What is water used for? What happens during photosynthesis? What are the two transport systems in plants?

15. Absorption of water & mineral salts in roots. Osmosis & Diffusion

16. What do plants need to survive/grow? Water Air – Carbon Dioxide Sunlight Mineral salts (dissolved in water) Sulfur Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Magnesium Calcium

17. What is ‘osmosis’? When water molecules move from one cell to the next. Water molecules move from an area of high concentration of water molecules to an area of low concentration of water molecules. Water molecules move through a partially permeable membrane.

18. 1 2 3

19. Home Work Osmosis Synonym : n/a Definition : molecules pass through a membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one. Diffusion Synonym : spread/scatter Definition : mixing of substances by the movement of their particles. Spreading something more widely.

20. Review How are plants in hydroponic systems able to survive? Water and mineral salts are taken in directly into the root hair by osmosis. Then the water and mineral salts move from on cell to the next by diffusion until they reach the stem.

21. Transport tissues in plants

22. Why do plants need a transport system? No heart, no blood and no circulation, but plants do need a  transport system  to move food, water and minerals around.

23. Vascular bundles – the transport tissues in plants They use two different systems: xylem moves water and solutes from the roots to the leaves phloem   moves food substances from leaves to the rest of the plant

24. Plant transport Both of these systems are rows of  cells  that make  continuous tubes  running the full length of the plant .

25. Xylem & Phloem Stem – the xylem and phloem are arranged in bundles near the edge of the stem to resist compression and bending forces. Xylem Phloem Plant stem

26. Xylem & Phloem

27. How is food transported in a plant? roots leaves The area around the cut

28. What happens when we cut off the xylem and phloem? roots leaves The area around the cut Food cannot reach the roots Water cannot reach the leaves

29. What does the Xylem do? Xylem cells have extra reinforcement in their  cell walls , and this helps to support the  weight  of the plant. For this reason, the transport systems are arranged differently in  root  and  stem  – in the root it has to resist forces that could pull the plant out of the ground. In the stem it has to resist compression and bending forces caused by the weight of the plant and the wind.

30. Xylem & Phloem s mall holes

31. Comparison of xylem and phloem Tissue Process What is moved Structure Xylem Transpiration Moves water and minerals from roots to leaves Columns of hollow, dead reinforced cells Phloem Translocation Moves food substances from leaves to rest of plant Columns of living cells

32. Transpiration Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. Water is necessary for plants but only a small amount of water taken up by the roots is used for growth and metabolism. The remaining 97–99.5% is lost by transpiration.

33. Xylem & Phloem

34. D t

35. Transport Systems in Plants How are the xylem and phloem adapted for their function? Keywords Translocation, transpiration, xylem, phloem

36. Why do plants need transport systems? They are multicellular- this means they have a higher demand for resources Surface area: volume ratio - As organisms get bigger SA:V ratio gets smaller. This means diffusion alone is insufficient to supply resources.

37. What materials do plants exchange & transport? Carbon dioxide Oxygen Water Glucose Mineral ions Copy these into your book and explain what each of the above is required for by plants. You have 5 minutes

38. Movement of water up plants. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00lxt8k What part of the plant is transporting the water?

39. Transport in Plants Plants have two different types of transport tissue. Xylem transports water and solutes from the roots to the leaves, phloem transports food from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

40. Xylem Xylem vessels are involved in the movement of water and minerals through a plant from its roots to its leaves. Water: Is absorbed from the soil through root hair cells Is transported through the xylem vessels up the stem to the leaves Evaporates from the leaves (transpiration)

41. Phloem Phloem vessels are involved in translocation. This is the movement of food substances from the stems to growing tissues and storage tissues.

42. Video Summary of Absorption Absorption of water What part of the plant is responsible for the absorption of water? Roots How does water enter the plant? Root hairs What is the name of the process where water is absorbed by the root hairs? Osmosis

43. Diffusion vs. Osmosis

44. Diffusion Read p.9 & 10 Look for the definition/meaning of diffusion and underline it.

45. Diffusion What is sucrose? Table sugar

46. Diffusion

47. Diffusion Molecules move from a region/area/place of HIGH concentration to a region/area/place of LOW concentration Diffused throughout the solution Movement of molecules to low concentration

48. Osmosis Read p.11 Look for the definition of osmosis and write it into your note book.

49. Osmosis

50. Balance Partially Permeable membrane

51. Read p.9-11. Compare diffusion and osmosis Diffusion Osmosis What is it? (definition) What is the p rocess? (How does it work?) Why is it important? What is the c oncentration of molecules? (What happens to the molecules? How do they move? ) Is water needed? Examples

52. Comparison chart Diffusion Osmosis What is it? Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in a solution. (ex. tea flavoring moving from an area of high to low concentration in hot water.) Osmosis is the movement of water across a partially-permeable membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentrated in a solution . This make the concentrations equal on both sides of the membrane.

53. Comparison chart Diffusion Osmosis What is the p rocess? (How does it work?) The movement of gas and liquid molecules It occurs when the medium surrounding the cell has a higher water concentration than the cell. The cell gains water along with important molecules and particles for growth (mineral salts ). It also occurs when water and particles move from one cell to another.

54. Comparison chart Diffusion Osmosis Importance Helps in exchange of gases during respiration and photosynthesis . In animals, osmosis helps the spread of nutrients and the release of waste products. In plants, osmosis is responsible for the absorption of soil water and moving liquid to the leaves of the plant.

55. Comparison chart Diffusion Osmosis Concentration Goes from a high concentration to a low concentration Goes from a high concentration to a low concentration Water Doesn’t need water for movement Needs water for movement Examples Perfume or Air Freshener Movement of water into root hair cells.

56. What are semipermeable membranes? Semipermeable membranes are very thin layers of material that allow small molecules, like oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, glucose, amino-acids, etc., to pass through. However, they do not allow larger molecules, like sucrose, protein, etc., to pass through.

57. Diffusion and Osmosis

58. The big bouncy quail egg Activity 10.1

59. Science At Home - Dissolving Eggshell

60. The Sci Guys: Science at Home - SE1 - EP14: The Naked Egg and Osmosis

61. J ean-Antoine Nollet

62. Transport Systems in Humans 10.3

63. 10.3 Vocabulary Continuously Without stopping at any time Implant To insert an object in a person’s body by surgery Consist To be composed or made up of Solvent Able to dissolve in other substances Biconcave Concave, curve inward, on both sides Surface area The outside layer of something

64. 10.3 Vocabulary Faint lose consciousness for a short time because of a temporarily insufficient supply of oxygen to the brain Consciousness The state of being awake and aware of ones surroundings Rate A measure/quantity/frequency that is measured against some other measure/quantity/frequency

65. 10.3 Vocabulary Medium A way of doing something Circulating To move or cause to move continuously or freely through a closed system or area

66. Circulatory system https://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/media/358-circulatory-system

67. Questions to answer: What are the parts of the human transport system? What is the function of each part of the human transport system?

68. Circulatory system

69. Circulatory system The system consists of: The heart (a muscle that acts like a pump) Blood vessels – A rteries , ve IN s (veins), capillaries Blood – the transport medium

70. Circulatory system Three main areas: The heart Blood Vessels A rteries A for away from the heart Ve in s in – into to the heart Capillaries Blood Oxygenated Carries oxygen Deoxygenated Carries carbon dioxide

71. Circulatory system

72. Circulatory system Arteries Veins The heart Blood Capillaries Continuously circulated around the body. Transports many substances throughout the body. Carry blood away from the heart. A muscular pump. Keeps blood circulating around the body. Carry blood towards the heart. Very thin blood vessels that connect the arteries to the veins. Answers: 1 – B, 2 – D, 3 – C, 4 – A, 5 - E

73. Blood – Read p.16 Transports: Nutrients Oxygen How are nutrients and oxygen transported? Through diffusion. Osmosis regulates the amount of water in body cells.

74. Blood

75. How does the blood act as a transport medium?

76. Exploring the Heart - The Circulatory System!

77. What are the parts of blood? Blood consists of: Plasma Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets

78. How blood works. Try to remember: The 4 parts of the blood How many blood types are there? CNN Video

79. Plasma The liquid component of blood is called plasma, a mixture of water, sugar, fat, protein, and salts.

80. Plasma The main job of the plasma is to transport blood cells throughout your body. It also transports nutrients, waste products, antibodies, clotting proteins, hormones , and proteins that help maintain the body's fluid balance.

81. Red blood cells The most abundant cell in the blood, about 40 to 45 percent of its volume. Has a biconcave disk with a flattened center - both faces of the disc have shallow bowl- (looks like a donut).

82. Red blood cells Production of red blood cells is controlled by a hormone produced primarily by the kidneys. Red blood cells start as immature cells in the bone marrow and after approximately seven days are released into the bloodstream.

83. Red blood cells Red blood cells have no nucleus and can easily change shape, helping them fit through the various blood vessels in your body. The red blood cell survives on average only 120 days.

84. Red blood cells Contain a special protein called hemoglobin, which helps carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and then returns carbon dioxide from the body to the lungs so it can be exhaled. Blood appears red because of the large number of red blood cells, which get their color from the hemoglobin.

85. White Blood Cells White blood cells protect the body from infection. They are much fewer in number than red blood cells, accounting for about 1 percent of your blood.

86. Platelets Platelets help the blood clotting process (or coagulation) by gathering at the site of an injury, sticking to the lining of the injured blood vessel, and forming a platform on which blood clotting can occur. This results in the formation of a clot, which covers the wound and prevents blood from leaking out.

87. Platelets It also forms the initial scaffolding upon which new tissue forms, thus promoting healing . A higher than normal number of platelets can cause unnecessary clotting, which can lead to strokes and heart attacks.

88. Sickle Cell Anemia

89. What are the effects of Sickle Cell Disease?