10. Drugs for Cough .pptx

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1. Drugs for cough

2. Cough is a protective reflex for expulsion of respiratory secretions or foreign particles from air passages. Classification of Drugs for Cough – Pharyngeal demulcents Expectorants (Mucokinetics) – (i) Bronchial secretion enhancers (ii) Mucolytics c) Antitussives – (i) Opioids (ii) Non-opioids (iii) Antihistamines

3. a) Pharyngeal demulcents – Useful in symptomatic relief of dry cough by soothing the throat and reducing the afferent impulses from the inflamed/irritated pharyngeal mucosa. Examples – Lozenges , cough drops , linctuses containing syrup, glycerine, liquorice. b) Expectorants (Mucokinetics) – Useful in productive cough (i) Bronchial secretion enhancers – They increases the bronchial secretions to facilitate its removal by coughing.

4. Examples - Sodium citrate Potassium citrate Guaiphenesin ( G uaiac tree) Vasaka Balsum of Tolu ( Myroxylon balsamum ) (ii) Mucolytics They break the bonds present in the mucus and make them less viscous. Examples – Bromhexine – derivative of alkaloid vasicine obtained from Adhatoda vasica . Dose – 8mg TDS

5. Ambroxol – Dose – 15 to 30mg TDS Acetylcysteine – - should be used as inhalation for mucolytic action - in Acetaminophen overdose intravenously should be given,

6. c) Antitussives – Useful in dry cough. They act on CNS to reduce the cough reflex or peripherally to reduce the tussal impulses. (i) Opioids Example – Codeine – 10 to 30mg ADR – Constipation

7. (ii) Non-opioids Dextromethorphan – 10 to 20mg (iii) Antihistamines – - should be used in allergic cough. - But are mostly added in antitussive/expectorant formulations due to their sedative and anticholinergic properties Examples – Chlorphenaramine Dinphenhydramine Promethazine