10-morphology and microscopy of Fennel .pptx

Identification of crude drugs

1. Morphology & Microscopy of Fennel [email protected]

2. Content Fennel

3. Objectives At the end of this lecture, student will be able to Discuss source, family, chemical constituents and uses Discuss the macroscopical and microscopical characters of fennel

4. Fennel Synonym: Sompu Biological Source: D ried ripe fruits of Foeniculum vulgare contains not less than 0.6 % of anethole Family : Umbelliferae Geographical Source : Romania, Russia, Germany, France, India

5. Type : C remocarp Shape : Straight or slightly curved, oblong, laterally compressed, tapering towards the base and apex. A short bifid stylopod and a thin pedicel is present at the base. Size : 5-10 mm (l), 2-4 mm (b) Surface : Each mericarp has two surfaces- the dorsal and the commissural surface. Dorsal surface is glabrous with 5 straight prominent primary ridges. Commisural surface is flat and shows the carpophore which holds the mericarps together. Colour : Greenish or yellowish brown Odour : Strongly aromatic Taste: Sweet Morphology of Fennel

6. Microscopy of Fennel Pericarp Epicarp Mesocarp Vascular bundle Reticulate parenchyma Vittae Endocarp Testa Endosperm

7. Microscopy of Fennel

8. Microscopy of Fennel Vascular bundle Reticulate parenchyma Carpophore

9.   Pericarp Epicarp: It consists of layer of polygonal, tangentially elongated cells with smooth cuticle Mesocarp: The bulk of mesocarp is made up of parenchyma. Bicollateral vascular bundles appear in the mesocarp below the primary ridges. Reticulate and lignified parenchyma, a characteristric feature of fennel appears in the mesocarp surrounding the vascular bundles. Besides, yellowish brown and elliptical vittae (schizogenous oil ducts), 4 on the dorsal surface between the ridges and two on the commissural surface are seen Endocarp: It is seen as a single layer between testa and mesocarp in the form of parquetry layer Microscopy of Fennel

10. Testa: It is single layered and yellowish in colour   Endosperm: It is thick walled, polygonal colourless parenchyma containing oil globules and aleurone grains. Raphae , a ridge of vascular strand appears in the middle of commissural surface just in front of the carpophore Microscopy of Fennel

11. Powder characters - Fennel Mesocarp: Lignified and reticulate nature of parenchyma Endocarp: Cells showing parquetry arrangement. Endosperm: Polyhedral, thick walled cells containing aleurone grains, minute calcium oxalate crystals and oil globules. Vittae: Many in the form of yellowish brown fragments.

12. Chemical constituents: Volatile oil (4-6%)- anethole (50-60%), a phenolic ether- d fenchone (20%), Ketone – methyl chavicol , terpineol etc Fixed oil (12-18 %), Proteins (14-22%) Anethole Fennel

13. Uses: Carminative Stomachic Appetizer Galactagogue Comforts belly ache in infants Fennel

14. Fennel: Summary D ried ripe fruits of Foeniculum vulgare , Umbelliferae Straight or curved, commissural surface, dorsal surface, Primary ridges, carpophore Pericarp , epicarp , mesocarp , endocarp, testa and endosperm Fenchone and anethole Carminative, appetizer, galactagogue , eye wash and stomachic

15. Disclaimer All data and content provided in the presentation are taken from the reference books, internet-websites and links for informational purpose only