10Green House Effect & Global Warming.pdf

shubham parmar

1. GreenHouseEffect
&
Global Warming
Dr. A. K. Upadhyay
Scientist
Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry
College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.)

2. What is the Green House Effect?
•RiseinEarth’stemperature
•Bycertainatmosphericgases
•ThattraptheSun’senergy

3. How do GreenHousesWork?
•Greenhouses
workbytrapping
heatfromthesun.
•Theglasspanels
ofthegreenhouse
letinlightbut
keepheatfrom
escaping.

4. Green House Effect
•Thegreenhouseeffectisa
termthatdescribeshow
naturalgasesintheearth's
atmospherereducethe
amountofheatescaping
fromtheearthintothe
atmosphere.
•Themoreofthesegases
thereare,themorethe
Earthheatsup.
Thegreenhouseeffectistheriseintemperaturethattheearth
experiencesbecausecertaingasesintheatmosphere(watervapor,carbon
dioxide,nitrousoxide,methaneandCFC)trapenergyfromthesun.
ThegreenhouseeffectisanaturalprocessthatwarmstheEarth’s
surface.WhentheSun’senergyreachestheEarth’satmosphere,someofitis
reflectedbacktospaceandtherestisabsorbedandre-radiatedbygreenhouse
gases.Theabsorbedenergywarmstheatmosphereandthesurfaceofthe
Earth.

5. Green House Effect
Step1:SolarradiationreachestheEarth'satmosphere-someofthis
isreflectedbackintospace.
Step2:Therestofthesun'senergyisabsorbedbythelandandthe
oceans,heatingtheEarth.
Step3:HeatradiatesfromEarthtowardsspace.
Step4:Someofthisheatistrappedbygreenhousegasesinthe
atmosphere,keepingtheEarthwarmenoughtosustainlife.
Step5:Humanactivitiessuchasburningfossilfuels,agricultureand
landclearingareincreasingtheamountofgreenhousegases
releasedintotheatmosphere.
Step6:Thisistrappingextraheat,andcausingtheEarth's
temperaturetorise.

6. Green House Effect

7. Process of Green House Effect

8. How does Greenhouse Effect occur?

9. Process of Green House Effect
➢Sun’senergypasses
throughatmosphere.
➢26%isreflectedor
scattered.
➢19%absorbedby
clouds,gases,and
particles.
➢4%reflectedtospace
bysurface.
➢51%reachesthe
surface.

10. Possible Causes of the Green House Effect
•Greenhousegases
increase through
humanactivity.
•Deforestation and
agriculture
•Burningoffossilfuels,
gasoline,oil
•Burningofwoodand
coal
•Burningoforganic
matter
•Populationgrowth

11. What is the Energy Used For?
•Heating ofthe
ground
•Meltingoficeand
snow
•Evaporationofwater
•Plantphotosynthesis

12. Why it is Dangerous?
•Global Warming
•Endangered Species
•Climate Change

13. What is GlobalWarming?
•Heattrappedinside
Earth
•Generalwarmingeffect
created
•Increaseinairand
oceantemperatures
•Vitalissueinsociety

14. Global Warming
Globalwarmingistheongoingriseofthe
averagetemperatureoftheEarth'sclimate
systemandhasbeendemonstratedbydirect
temperature measurements and by
measurements ofvariouseffectsofthe
warming.
Anincreaseintheearth'saverage
atmospheric temperature thatcauses
correspondingchangesinclimateandthat
mayresultfromthegreenhouseeffect.

15. GlobalWarming
•Theaverageglobaltemperaturehasincreased
byalmost1ºFoverthepastcentury.
•Scientistsexpecttheaverageglobal
temperaturetoincreaseanadditional2ºto6ºF
overthenexthundredyears.Evenasmall
increaseintemperatureoveralongtimecan
changetheclimate.

16. What MightHappen?
•Thiswarmingtrendisexpectedtobring
droughtsandfloodingoflowlyingcoastalareas
asthepolaricecapsmeltandraisesealevel.
•Theexpectednegativeimpactofthegreenhouse
effectonhumanlifehasbeenassessedbysome
scientiststobesecondonlytoglobalnuclear
war.

17. Effects of Global Warming
•Climatechanges
•Changes inwildlife
adaptations and
cycles
•Meltingofpolarice
caps
•Increaseinsealevel
•Floodingincoastal
areas
•OceanAcidification

18. Effects of Global Warming
•Species becoming
endangered/extinct
•Heavydrought
•Spreadofdisease
•Riseintides
•Change inweather
patterns

19. Effects of Global Warming
❖Increaseinprecipitation.Itisalsoexpectedthatglobalwarming
willcreateamoreactivehydrologiccycle,increasingcloudinessas
wellasprecipitation.
❖Globalsealevelhasrisenbyabout0.15mduringthe20
th
century,
withmostoftheriseoccurringsince1930.Somescientistsbelieve
that,becauseofglobalwarming,averagesealevelsmayraisebyat
least0.3mandasmuchas1.4mbytheyear2030.
❖Temperatureriseswithincreaseby1.5to4.5°C.
❖Thepolaricecapswouldmelt.Ariseoffivedegreeswouldraisethe
sealevelbyfivemeterswithinafewdecadesincreasethe
evaporationofwater,thusreducinggrainyield.
❖Potentialimpactsofglobalwarmingonecosystemsmainlyinclude
theeffectsonagricultureandforestgrowth.Plantgrowthand
developmentwillbeinfluencedbyanincreaseincarbondioxide
levels,whichstimulatesphotosynthesisanddecreaseswater
lossesfromtranspiration.
❖Highertemperaturesandhumiditymayincreasethechancesof
diseaseinhumansandanimalsinsomepartsoftheworld.

20. Effects of Global Warming
ClimateChangeEffects
❖Sea level rise
❖Agriculture
•Theagriculturalsectorrepresents16%ofIndia’sGrossNational
Product(GNP)andassuchplaysacrucialroleinthecountry’s
development.
•Climatechangecanaffectcropyields(bothpositivelyand
negatively),aswellasthetypesofcropsthatcanbegrownincertain
areas,byimpactingagriculturalinputssuchaswaterforirrigation,
amountsofsolarradiationthataffectplantgrowth,aswellasthe
prevalenceofpests.
❖Humanhealth
•Thepoor,aswellastheelderly,childrenandthedisabledarelikelyto
bemostvulnerabletoclimatechanges,astheyalreadyfacelimited
accesstohealthfacilities.
•Amongvector-bornediseasesinIndia,malariaisofconsiderable
concern.Periodicepidemicsofmalariaoccureveryfivetoseven
years.
•WorldBankestimatesthatabout577,000DALYs(disability-adjusted
lifeyears)werelostduetomalariainIndiain1998.

21. Effects of Global Warming
Healthconcernsandvulnerabilitiesduetoclimatechanges
➢Temperaturerelatedmorbidity
•Heatandcoldrelatedillness
•Cardiovascularillnesses
➢Vectorbornediseases
•Changedpatternsofdiseasesbyregionandbyclimate
parameter.
•Malaria,Filaria,Kala-azar,JapaneseEncephalitis,andDengue
causedbybacteria,virusesandotherpathogenscarriedby
mosquitoes,ticks,andothervectors.
➢Healtheffectsofextremeweather
•Diarrhoea,Choleraandintoxicationcausedbybiologicaland
chemicalcontaminantsinwater.
•Damagedpublichealthinfrastructureduetocyclones/floods
Injuriesandillness.
•Socialandmentalhealthstressduetodisastersand
displacement.
➢Healtheffectsduetoinsecurity
•Malnutrition,hunger,particularlyinchildreninfoodproduction.

22. HumanHealth
•Heatstressand
otherheatrelated
health problems
arecauseddirectly
by verywarm
temperaturesand
high humidity.
Example Heat
exhaustion and
heatstroke.
Effects of Global Warming

23. EcologicalSystems
Plantsandanimals
➢Climatechangemayaltertheworld’shabitats.
Alllivingthingsareincludedinandrelyon
theseplaces.
➢Mostpastclimatechangesoccurredslowly,
allowingplantsandanimalstoadapttothe
newenvironmentormovesomeplaceelse.
➢Plantsandanimalsmaynotbeabletoreact
quicklyenoughtosurviveiffutureclimate
changesoccurasrapidlyasscientists
predict.

24. ClimaticChange
•Globalwarmingwillleadtoanincreaseinthe
evaporationofwater→morewatervapour.
•Withmorewatervapour,morerainfallisexpected.
•Butitisnotevenlydistributed:
➢Dryareas→severedroughtcondition,water
shortageandheatwavesoccurs.
➢Wetareas→floodsandavalanches(landslides).

25. ClimaticChange
•Otherproblemsmayarise:
➢Destroyfoodcrop→rice,wheatandcorn
➢Affectanimals→needtomigrate
➢Encouragegrowthofweedandpests→may
leadtodiseaseslikedenguefever,cholera
whicharedeadly.

26. How to Reduce the Greenhouse Effect
•CarbonReduction
•Afforestationandland
restoration
•PersonalActions
•ClimatePolicy

27. How to Reduce the Greenhouse Effect
BytheGovernment:
•Stabilizationof the
populationgrowth.
•Reductionofairpollution
from industries
(internationalagreements).
•Reductionofdesertification
andprotectionofthe
rainforestagainstthe
clearance (national
programs).
•Findingalternativefuel.

28. How to Reduce the Greenhouse Effect
ByPeople
•Reducetheuseof
fossilfuel.
•Stoptheclearance
oftheforest.
•Follow the
recommendations
to reducethe
emissionofGreen
housegases.

29. How to reduce the Greenhouse Effect
ByUs
•Bewellinformabouttheconsequencesof
GreenhouseEffect.
•Changeyourlifestylehabitstohelpsave
theenvironment.
•Planttrees/conduct massive
Afforestration.
•EliminatetheuseofCFCs.

30. Ways you can help make ourplanet better
•Bike,BusandWalk:
You can saves
energy by
sometimes taking
thebus,ridinga
bikeorwalkingor
trycarpooling.
•Creatingmass
awareness.

31. Ways you can help make ourplanet better
•Recycle:Whenyou
recycle,yousendless
trashtothelandfill
andyouhelpsave
naturalresourceslike
treesandelements
suchasaluminum.
Recycle cans, bottles,
plastic bags and
newspapers.

32. Ways you can help make ourplanet better
WhenYouBuy,Buy
CoolStuff
➢Buyproductsthat
don’tuseasmuch
energy.
➢Buy recyclable
productsinsteadof
non-recyclableones.
SolarEnergycanbeused
toheathomes,buildings,
waterand tomake
electricity.

33. International Efforts toReduce
Green House Effect
➢Kyototreaty(1997)
→wasstartedto
reduceemissionof
greenhousegases
by5%of1990s
levelsby2012.

34. •TheParisAgreement:is
anagreementwithinthe
frameworkoftheUnited
Nations Framework
ConventiononClimate
Change (UNFCCC)
dealingwithgreenhouse
gases emissions
mitigation,adaptation
andfinancestartingin
theyear2020.
International Efforts to Reduce
Green House Effect

35. Future Outlook of Global Warming
•Naturalresourcesdepleted
•Needbalancebetweenenvironmentand
industry
•Greenhousegasemissionsreducedby80%

36. Summary /Conclusion
❖EnvironmentalCrisiswillaffectus:
➢Health
•Airpollution→Asthmaorotherrespiratory
problems.
•Waterpollution→Poisonourfoodsourcee.g
fish.
•Destructionofforest→Lostofpossible
medicalsolutions.
➢Property
•Floods→Propertylost
•Pollution→Destroystreetsandbeaches
•Soilerosion→Desertification,lostoffarm
lands.

37. Summary /Conclusion
❖EnvironmentalCrisiswillaffectus:
➢EconomicCosts
•Lostintermsofmonetaryvalues,
industryandbusinesses.
•Moneyneedtobespenttorestorethe
original.
•PublicHealthServicesneedtobe
providedbythegovernment.

38. Some Air Pollutant Accidents
❖LondonSmogIncidents(1952&1957)
❖TCDDAccidentatSeveso,Italy(July1962)
➢ThisaccidentoccurredatChemicalPlantManufacturing
herbicides.
•AwhitecloudofpoisonousgasconsistingofTCDD
(2,3,7,8tetrachloro-10-dioxin).
•Dioxin(Dibenzo-P-dioxin)contaminatesoil,waterand
affectwaterresourceandnaturalbiologicalcycles.
•800peopleswereaffected.200peoplesincluding
childrensufferedfromskindiseaseandsomeofthem
fromlivertroubles.
•About1%ofthebabiesbornaftertheaccidentwere
deformedandalsopremature.

39. Some Air Pollutant Accidents
❖TheBhopalDisaster(December3,1984)
➢Source:UnionCarbideFactoryManufacturerof
Carbaryl(Carbamate Pesticide)usingMethyl
isocyanate(MIC).
•About1000peopleskilledandmorethan30000
wereinjured.
❖ChernobylDisaster(April28,1986)
➢Source:WorstnuclearaccidentatChernobyl,Ukrain,
formelyUSSR(NowCIS)at9.0PM.