11.INSECTICIDES.pptffffffffffffffffffffffffff

insceticides

2. INSECTICIDES.
•Substances used to kill insects.
•Pesticides – insecticides, fungicides,
rodenticides ,herbicides, disinfectants,
repellents for control of pests.

3. Classification.
Based on action.
1.Contact poison.(Pyretum,DDT,HCH)
2.Stomach poison.(Paris Green,Sod.Fluoride)
3.Fumigants.(Sulphur dioxide)
Based on chemical compound.
1.Organo-chlorine.
2.Organo-chlorine.
3.Carbamates.

4. Classification.
•GROUP 1. Organochlorine compounds.
DDT,HCH,Dieldrin,Chlordane,methoxychlor
•Group 2. Organophosphorous compounds
Malathion, Fenthion, Chloripyrofos, Abate.
•Group 3. Carbamates.
Propoxur, Carbaryl.

5. DDT.
(Dichloro-diphenyle-trchloroethane)
•1874 Zeidler synthesised. P.Muller 1939.
•White amorphous powder.
•Contact poison.
•Residual action lasts for 18 – 24 months.
•Applied as residual spray 100-200 mg per
sq.ft area.
•5% suspension formulation of choice.
•Environmental pollutant.

6. HCH .(BHC)
•Benzene hexachloride or hexachloro cyclo
hexane or gammexane or hexidol.
•Michel Faraday 1825.
•White or chocolate coloured powder.
•Musty smell.irritating to eyes, nose & skin.
•Gamma isomer most active (Lindane). Gamma
HCH.
•Contact poison.
•25 – 50 mg per sq.foot for residual action.

7. MALATHION.
•Yellow or clear-brown liquid with
unpleasant smell.
•Water dispersible powder available.
•100-200 mg/sq, ft. every 3 months.
•Alternate for DDT.
•In low volume (ULV) spray used for killing
adult mosquitoes in epidemics of
Dengue,viral encephalitis.

8. Abate.
•Temephos.
•Brown viscous liquid, soluble in petroleum
solvents.
•Extensively used in India for A.stephensi
in wells and domestic water.
•Dosage not more than 1 ppm.
•Less effective as adulticide..

9. Diazinon.
•Liquid product.
•Volatile – contact & fumigant action.
•DDT resistant insects.
•60-100 mg per sq.ft.
•Flies & mosquitoes.
•Toxic to man.

10. Fenthion.
•Baytex brown liquid smelling garlic.
•Insoluble in water,
•Water dispersible powders available.
•As effective as DDT.
•100 mg/sq.ft.
•Powerful larvicide.
•C.Fatigans.

11. pyrethrum
•Vegetable origin.
•From flowers of chrysanthemum
cinerariafolium.
•Nerve poison.
•Ready to spray solution 0.1% pyrethrins.
•Excellent space spray.
•No residual action.

12. Others.
•SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS.
•ROTENONE.
•MINIRAL OILS

13. Paris Green.
•Copper aceto-arsenite.
•Emerald green microcrystalline powder.
•Insoluble in water, soluble in acids,
ammonia.
•Stomach poison.
•2% dust spray over breeding places/week.

14. Insecticide resistance.
•Development of an ability in strain of

insects to tolerate doses of toxicants which

would prove lethal to majority of

individuals in normal population of same

species.

15. Toxicity.
Organochlorine compounds.
•DDT & related are nerve poisons.
•Nervous excitability,tremors,convulsions.
•Lethal dose 250 mg /kg body Wt.
•Treatment – barbiturates,phenobarbitone.
•Stomach washes.
•Purgative useful.
•No oil or fats be given.

16. Organo-phosphorus
compounds.
•Interfere with mechanism of transmission of
nerve impulses.
•Inhibition of cholinesterase.
•Accumulation of acetyl choline.
•Head ache, giddiness, apprehension,
restlessness, cold sweating, salivation,
uncontrolled urination, unconsciousness,
ataxia,respiratory paralysis
•Treatment – Atropine 1-2 mg IM repeated every
30 mts if necessary.
•Other drugs- 2 PAM Iodine,2PAMChloride& P2S

17. RODENTS.
•Rat & mice are part of man’s environment.
•Exceed human population.
•Economic loss. damaging buildings,
consuming & contaminating food stuffs.
•Reservoirs for Plague & Typhus fever,

18. Domestic.
•RATTUS RATTUS.
•RATTUS NORVEGICUS.
•MUS MUSCULUS.

19. Wild.
•TETERA INDICA. (Plague reservoir)
•BANDICOTA BENGALENSIS.
•BANDICOTA INDICA.
•MILLARDIA MELTADA.
•M.GLEADOWL.
•MUS BOODUGA.

20. Diseases
•Bacterial – plague,tularaemia,salmonellsis
•Viral – Lassa fever,H.fever,encephalitis.
•Rickettsial – scrub.T,murine.T,R.pox.
•Parasitic – Hymenolepis diminuta,
leishmaniasis,amoebiasis,trichinosis,chag
as disease.
•Others – rat bite F, leptospirosis,ring worm
histoplasmosis.

21. Anti-rodent measures.
(1)Sanitation. (2) trapping. (3)Rodenticides.
Sanitation.
•Proper storage, collection and disposal of
garbage.
•Proper storage of food stuffs.
•Rat proof buildings,godowns,warehouses.
•Elimination of rat burrows.

22. Trapping.
•Simple operation.
•Wonder trap by Haffkine institute.
•Baited with indigenous foods.
•Captured rats destroyed by drowning in
water.
•Rats are suspicious animals become trap
wise. avoid baited traps.

23. Rodenticides.
Single dose (acute)
Multiple dose (cumulative).
•Acute with ordinary care – Red
squill,Norbromide,Zinc phosphide.
•Max.Care – Sodium fluorocetamide,
Strychnine,
•Dangerous for use – Arsenic trioxide,
phosphorus, Thallium sulphate, ANTU,
Gophcide.

24. Contd.
•Commonly used. Barium Chloride, Zinc
phosphide.
•Multiple dose (cumulative) –
Warfarin,Diphacinone,coumafuryl,pidone.
•Anti coagulants slow death.
•Fumigation – calcium cyanide. (cyano gas
or cymag), carbondisulphide,methyle
bromide, sulphurdioxide.
•Chemosterilants.