129041fwqfewdqwdeqwdfqwdff0-rational.ppt

rational drug use

2. Rational drug use
Principles for rational drug use:
1.Appropriate drug to be prescribed
2.Taken in right dose
3.Taken at the right intervals
4.Administered by the right route of
administration
5.It should be effective
6.Of acceptable quality
7.Safe (high therapeutic index)
8.Available when needed
9.At affordable price

3. Irrationality of drug use
Causes:
1.Polypharmacy: high number of drugs on each prescription
2.Patient compliance : low patient compliance (20-50%)
indicates poor communication between prescriber and
patient
3.Low income of patient pushes the pharmacist towards
dispensing doses for one or two days only
4.Incomplete pharmaceutical information about drugs
5.Low bioavailability medication
6.Incorrect prescribing (e.g. low efficacy drugs, or given at
unsuitable circumstances and wrongly given antibiotics)
7.Self medication: (patients do not know the mode of drug
action, length of treatment, side effects)
8.Availability of numerous medicinal alternatives

4. Essential drug list
Definition: A list of basic and most important drugs
which are therapeutically effective, safe and satisfy
patients need.
The list differ from country to country depending
on:
1.Type of prevailing diseases
2.Type of health care personnel available
3.Financial resources
4.Genetic factors
5.Demographic factors
6.Environmental factors

5. Guidelines for establishing an essential
drug list:
1.Statistical data about common diseases
2.A survey about the healthcare centres and their
budgets
3.Drugs with accurate scientific data must be available
4.Hospital formularies should be developed and used
as a reference for the essential drug list
5.Selected drugs should meet the standards of quality,
bioavailability and bioequivalence tests
6.Drugs pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions and
adverse dug reactions must be available for each
drug in the list

6. Characteristics of essential drug list
1)Consistent with the pattern of prevalent diseases
2)Simple drugs (combinations should be avoided)
3)Common drugs with universal relevance
4)Indicates priorities in drug needs
5)Contain available, low price, proper dosage
medication
6)Flexible enough to meet changes in health needs
7)Drugs should be written in generic names
associated with a drug information sheet