13.deficiency diseases

1. HEALTH EDUCATION
DEFICIENCY DISEASES

2. DEFICIENCY DISEASES
Malnutrition means insufficient and
unwholesome feeding
Various diseases are caused by
malnutrition
For ex: Kwashiorkor, Marasmus, obesity
etc

3. KWASHIORKOR
“Kwashiorkor” is an
African word meaning “
displaced child” - protein
deficiency
Seen when the child is
weaned out early and
given food having high
carbohydrate content &
low proteins
Growth slows down
Body parts swell due to
accumulation of water
Muscular development is
less & limbs are swollen
Face - fluffy and
moon shaped
Impaired appetite
& child finds it
difficult to eat
food
Frequent
diarrhoea
Hair becomes thin
& loses shine
Skin becomes dry
& loose
Child becomes
lethargic & loses
interest in
everything

4. MARASMUS
Caused by protein –
calorie malnutrition
Child is weaned out
early & given diet low
in protein,
carbohydrate
When the mother is
weak due to repeated
child births, famine
and wartime
Deficiency of fats &
carbohydrates
Proteins are used
up to generate
energy
Growth is reduced
due to protein
deficiency
Child looks thin and
emaciated
Body weight 60%
less than the
expected weight
Thin limbs &
prominent ribs are
seen

5. MARASMUS
Muscles are less
developed & no fat is
seen under the skin
Skin becomes dry &
loose folds of skin are
seen
Swollen abdomen
Less hair growth &
faded hair colour
Ill - developed body
defence mechanisms
Child suffers from
infections & diarrhoea
Highly irritable
Voracious appetite
Shows very little
interest in surroundings
& in physical & mental
activities

6. OBESITY
Caused due to over-
eating & excess
intake of energy
giving foods
Child will be stout
with higher body
weight than expected
Person is obese when
> 20% of the body
weight is due to fat
Excess energy is
converted into fat &
deposited in adipose
tissue beneath the
skin
The size and number
of adipose cells
increase
Increase in body size
and weight
Seen both in children
& adults
Recently it has been
found out that
obesity has a genetic
basis and sometimes
is inheritable