Formal Report: formal reports are longer and have more sections than
informal letter and memo reports, containing a title page, letter or memo of
transmittal, table of contents, body, references and appendices (pp. 272- 282).
This short and simplified sample shows a title page, memo of transmittal, table
of contents, a brief version of the body, and references.
You are a student member of your university’s Sustainable Practices Committee. The
committee recently completed a one-year pilot project encouraging faculty, staff and
students to choose alternative methods of transportation. The committee has assembled
research to evaluate the success of the pilot project.
You are writing a formal report to the Executive Director of the Department of Facilities
Management to present and analyze the committee’s findings and make further
recommendations.
Getting Around:
Transportation Alternatives Pilot Project
at Memorial University of Newfoundland
Prepared for
Harry Deeley
Executive Director
Department of Facilities Management
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Prepared by
Jessica Tucker
Sustainable Practices Committee
Memorial University of Newfoundland
February 6, 2009
To: Harry Deeley
From: Jessica Tucker
Date: February 6, 2009
Subject: Report on Success of Transportation Alternatives Pilot Project
The Sustainable Practices Committee initiated the Transportation Alternatives Pilot Project
to encourage faculty, staff and students at the St. John’s Campus to choose methods of
transportation other than single-occupant vehicles. This report looks at the effectiveness of
the Transportation Alternatives Pilot Project, analyzes the committee’s research and makes
recommendations on next steps.
Memorial University of Newfoundland is continuing its efforts to implement sustainable
environmental practices in its operations. The average car is estimated to release about
5,500 kg of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere each year. The Climate Action Network
reports that transportation produces 25% of Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions. Switching
to more environmentally-friendly forms of transportation can help lower these numbers.
The specific goals of the Transportation Alternatives Pilot Project were to reduce traffic
congestion and parking demand on the St. John’s campus, as well as reduce greenhouse
gases and improve air quality.
People need incentives and support in changing their personal habits. To make alternative
forms of transportation easier and more appealing, numerous incentives were put in place.
These incentives included subsidized public transit passes, car-pooling programs, a Bike to
Work week, expanded bicycle parking and two new bicycle shelters.
Research shows these incentives were successful in increasing the use of alternative forms
of transportation among faculty, staff and students. Subsidizing public transit passes
contributed the most to reducing traffic congestion and parking problems.
Given the success of the Transportation Alternatives Pilot Project, the Sustainable Practices
Committee recommends continuing to encourage alternative methods of transportation on
the St. John’s campus and expanding these measures to other Memorial University
campuses. The committee also recommends studying ways to make the St. John’s campus
more pedestrian-friendly.
This report was prepared by various members of the Sustainable Practices Committee and
the Department of Facilities Management. In particular, Jenna Hodgkiss, the administrative
assistant at the Department of Facilities Management, has been extremely helpful.
i
Table of Contents
Memo of Transmittal ..................................................................................................... i
Introduction and Background ....................................................................................... 1
Memorial University of Newfoundland, like other universities, cities and organizations, is
looking at reducing its impact on the environment. Environmental practices are becoming
mainstream, such as recycling, energy conservation, composting and many more.
Memorial University of Newfoundland is committed to introducing sustainable environmental
practices on all its campuses. One initiative involves reducing greenhouse gases by
encouraging alternative means of transportation.
A Sustainable Practices Committee was formed in 2006 to study ways to reduce the use of
cars on campus. In 2007, the committee drafted a proposal for the Transportation
Alternatives Pilot Project. The pilot project was approved and went into effect for 2008.
Purpose
The Transportation Alternatives Pilot Project had these four goals:
1. To introduce incentives that would encourage faculty, staff and students to choose
alternative methods of transportation.
2. To reduce traffic congestion and parking problems.
3. To study whether these incentives changed behaviours.
4. To make recommendations based on the results of the pilot project.
Scope and Limitations
The Transportation Alternatives Pilot Project was limited to the St. John’s campus. It was
conducted for the 2008 calendar year and targeted all faculty, staff and students.
An initiative of the Sustainable Practices Committee, the Transportation Alternatives Pilot
Project also involved the Department of Facilities Management and Metrobus Transit.
Bicycle Transportation
The following incentives were introduced to encourage the use of bicycles on campus:
100 more bicycle parking spaces.
Two new bicycle shelters.
A Bike to Work Week.
Getting Around: Transportation Alternatives Pilot Project Page 2
During Bike to Work Week, free commuter cycling courses were also offered to promote the
benefits of cycling to work or school or just for fun. Basic bicycle maintenance workshops
were also held.
Public Transit Passes
With the Sustainable Practices Committee acting as an intermediary, Memorial University of
Newfoundland and St. John’s Metrobus Transit entered into a partnership and created an
Employee and Student Transit Pass program. Memorial University and Metrobus Transit
subsidized the transit passes for Memorial University faculty, staff and students to reduce
the costs of public transportation.
Car-pooling
Incentives to car-pooling were offered, namely preferred parking spots for car-pool vehicles
and lower parking fees. The benefits of car-pooling were also promoted through posters
placed strategically around campus, emphasizing that car-pooling reduces costs and
reduces stress by sharing driving responsibilities.
Transportation Audit Results and Analysis
The Department of Facilities Management conducts yearly transportation audits of its
facilities and user surveys. This chart shows preferred transportation methods of survey
faculty, staff and students over the last three years.
Transportation Method 2006 2007 2008
Cars with a single driver 59.2% 56.6% 47.7%
Car-pooling 15.8% 17.2% 12.9%
Public Transit 12.0% 13.5% 22.2%
Bicycling 9.2% 10.3% 13.6%
Other 3.8% 2.4% 3.6%
During the year of the Transportation Alternatives Pilot Project, use of cars with a single
driver dropped. Although car-pooling was promoted as a transportation alternative, the
number of people car-pooling dropped as well. The use of public transit and bicycling
increased.
These results indicate that the Transportation Alternatives Pilot Project had the greatest
impact in reducing the use of cars and in increasing the use of public transit. It also had
some impact on increasing the use of bicycles.
Getting Around: Transportation Alternatives Pilot Project Page 3
The dramatic upswing in the use of public transit shows that when offered the incentive of
subsidized public transit passes, people chose public transit over driving.
Other research conducted by the Department of Facilities Management revealed that traffic
congestion and parking problems were significantly lower in 2008. Requests for parking
permits in 2008 dropped by 15% over the previous year.
Conclusions
In light of the measurable differences in transportation methods, parking permit requests,
traffic congestion and public transit use between 2007 and 2008, the Sustainable Practices
Committee concludes that the Transportation Alternatives Pilot Project was effective in
changing behaviours.
Of all the incentives, subsidizing Metrobus Transit passes received the most response and
had the greatest impact on changing behaviours.
Climate and weather conditions limit bicycling as a year-round option, but bicycling is still a
reasonably helpful transportation alternative for months with better weather.
Recommendations
The Sustainable Practices Committee recommends the continuation of the Employee and
Student Transit Pass program with Metrobus Transit. While car-pooling and bicycling can
still be encouraged as alternative methods of transportation, continuing to fund and
encourage the use of public transit is likely to bring the most benefits going forward.
The Sustainable Practices Committee also recommends studying ways to make the St.
John campus more pedestrian-friendly. More sidewalks and crosswalks could encourage
faculty, staff and students who continue to drive to reduce vehicle use when on campus.
The success of this pilot project indicates that there could be benefits in introducing the
subsidized public transit pass program to other Memorial University campuses.
References
Memorial University of Newfoundland. (2009). Department of Facilities Management
Transportation Audits, 2004-2008.
City of St. John’s. (2009). 2008 Metrobus Transit Annual Report. St. John’s, NL: The
Municipality.