13734079-49d2-4579-ada3-2d6894693a49.pptx

Climate Change

2. TY) SAE? D AD Crees ae
Why aid we CNOOSE this topic :
While the world is fighting from the Covid-19

pandemic, crashing economies all over the
world, millions dying and thousands losing

their job, the most existential threat goes on m NO CHALLENGE
unchecked i.e. Climate Change. | : p 1 Ni \ | GREATER THRE

Itis of t importance that we start
a rer on \, TOFUTUREGENERATIONS

thereby enhancing the human life worldwide.

A TUNCLNATECHANE.

Our project sheds light on various factors
affecting Climate Change, their effects and
possible remedies. The aim of this
presentation is to make the combined human

3. WHAT IS “CLIMATE” ??

Fr
he

The composite org

Wea: dj tions of a region, as
femperature, air pressure, humidity,
precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and

» winds, throughout the year, averaged over a
| 'serieSiof years is known as Climate

4. Climate is fee by: many facto:

>Abiotic Factors … >= PBiotic FC

“Latitude De "Transpisäfiön Ay
"Altitude" _ m S “rh ire. DD
"Oceaÿf@urrent > "Photosynthesis En
. age «Decompositions

"Solar Radiation 3

"Evaporation

"Orbital variation
"Volcanic Activity

5. + Plays important roll in
maintaining Earth’s energy
balance. |

> Greenhouse gases needed
in atmosphere to regulate
temperature to sustain life.

6. Greenhouse Gases:

> Water vapour (H:0)
> Carbon dioxide(CO»)
»Methane(CH,)

> Nitrous oxide(N20)
¥Ozone(0s)

7. Increasing Carbon Dioxide in Atmosphere:

> Primary greenhouse gas;
responsible for about thrée-
quarters of emissions,

> Mainly come from bur

absorb Carbon Dioxide from the
atmosphere has decreased.

8. Other Greenhouse Gases:

> Methane (CH):

* The main co
gas.

* Released from lanofills, natural gas

tof natural

* Produces about? ?
heat than CO;

* accounts for 6 percent of all
greenhouse g sions,

> Nitrous Oxide (N20):

. aan ture and livestock, including
er; manure, and burning of
ural residues, along with
el, are t biggest
Be nitrous ide emissions.
than CO;

more he
+ About six percent:

greenhouse gas emissi

«Pre

9. Other Greenhouse Gases:

> Ozone:

n in trace amounts.
ric ozone or the ozone

pour relate to temperature”
change.

10. Emission of Greenhouse Gases is Increasing:

Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Gas

———
Foases 2%
E
Nitrous)
i um Que
i ve Methane
if 16%
Tom
l =
: es rs
ä
t 7

[U Matten

11. Ozone Layer Depletion:

+ Ozone layer act as Earth’s natural sunscreen and
blocks some of the UV radiation that comes
from the Sun , shielding us from damaging rays.

+ Since 1985, it has been observed that the ozone
layer is depleting in the stratosphere, due to
chemical action with chlorine atoms, being
released by the dissociation of
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), particularly in the
presence of sunlight.

O Impacts of UV radiation:

Skin Cancer

Cataract & Ultimate Blindness
Reduce the overall immune efficiency,

UV radiations may interfere with
photosynthesis, leading to lower crop yields.

12. CFCs:

* Halocarbons are carbon based molecules that have chlorine, fluorine,
bromine in them.

* Subcategories of halocarbons include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
which have only carbon, fluorine and chlorine.

«The presence of halocarbon gases is due to only human activities. CFC
are used in refrigerator, air condition, as cleaning solvents in factories,
blowing agents to create some plastic foams, in spray etc.

* CFCs are nontoxic, nonflammable, nonreactive and they are not water
soluble, So they are not removed from troposphere by chemical
reaction or rainfall. They have long life time. Thus CFCs drift into the
stratosphere, where they are exposed to UV radiation, which breaks
apart the molecules, freeing the chlorine. It is estimated that one
chlorine atom can destroy up to 1 lakh ozone molecule, leadingto
large scale ozone deficits,

13. Ozone Depletion and Climate Change:

Ozone depletion and climate change are linked in a number of ways-

* Atmospheric ozone has two effects on the temperature balance of the
Earth, It absorbs solar ultraviolet radiation, which heats the stratosphere. It
also absorbs infrared radiation emitted by the Earth's surface, effectively
trapping heat in the troposphere, thereby contributing to the
"greenhouse" effect,

+ Gases that are. causing ozone depletion such as the chlorofluorocarbons

a . hhouse gases, absorbing some of the infrared ati
ne Earths E ecti e Ea

14. GLOBAL WARMING:

Global warming is a phenomenon of climate change characterized by a general
increase in average temperatures of the Earth, which modifies the weather
balances and ecosystems for a long time. It is directly linked to the increase of
greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, worsening the greenhouse effect,

15. EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE:

> Temperatures Will Continue to Rise:

One of the most immediate and obvious
effects of global warming is the increase in
temperatures around the world. The average
gos lee has increased by about 1.4

egrees Fahrenheit (0,8 degrees Celsius) over
the past 100 years.

At the pace of current CO; emissions,
scientists expect an increase of between 1.5°
and 5.3°C (34.7° to 41.5°F) in average
temperature by 2100. If no action is taken, it
would have harmful consequences to
humanity and the biosphere,

16. Glaciers are melting:
Glaciers in Greenland and Antarctica are losing ice at alarming rates.

17. A

„ What the World Would Look Like if All the Ice

En
Hong Kong

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Colombe D , Mir SR EF “y
uta Lumpur , 0 y Hy

18. > Sea Level Will Rise 1-8 feet by 2100

Because of global warming, permafrost
and ice are melting massively at the
poles, increasing the sea level at a rate
never known before. In a century, the
increase reached 18 cm (including 6 cm
in the last 20 years The worst case
scenario is a rise of up to 1m by 2100,

>The acidification of the oceans is also
of great concern. In fact, the large
amount of CO, captured by the
oceans makes them more acidic,
arousing serious questions about the
adaptability of seashells or coral reefs.

19. » For decades now, meteorologists and climatologists around the world
have been watching the effects of global warming on the weather
phenomena. And the impact is huge: changes in precipitation types,
more droughts and heat-waves, more natural disasters like floods,
hurricanes, storms and wildfires, frost-free season, etc.

Australian Bushfire Super Cyclone Amphan

20. Drought Kerala Flood

21. » Effects on Biodiversity: > Effects on Human:

The increase of temperatures and the Human beings are not spared by these
climate upheavals’ disturb the upheavals. Climate change is affecting
ecosystems, modify the conditions and. the global economy. It is already shakin

‘ up social, health and geopolitica
cycles of plant reproduction. The Mee a many parts Be ere.

patel Be Me aes ad ~The scarcity of pe me food and
‘ ray gives rise to new conflicts.
migratory cycles~of animals. i nf bagel ;
aad visé e spec 0 An es nd foods aa
many species. - including endemic piso: ele ih heh front ine. The
species - or, conversely, the intrusion of estimated number of climate refugees
rase species that threaten crops and by 2050 is 250 million people.
other animals,

22. India Suffers Biggest Locust Attack in 25 Years:

* Part of the grasshopper a
community, desert locusts feed à: 2. _,,
on crops and plantations every Mn a, "
year from July to October. They ,° y q"

A ©

are mostly spotted in small
isolated groups.

* However, due to climate change,
these migratory insects are
causing unprecedented damage
in several parts of India.

23. Ah se k

nr À w PR Get id
FASE we must adm
problem. No agency, Government, or Scientistcan “fix” it
for us. We are all in this together.

"We got here because of our lifestyle-and habits: So our
habit to exploit nature has to ch

24. 1. Renewable energies:

Renewable energy is energy produced from sources that do not deplete
or can be replenished within a human's life time.

The first way to prevent climate change is to move away from fossil
fuels.

What are he alternatives?

25. Hydro Energy

27. 1"

Sustainapl

CF

|

28. 4. Sustainable infrastructure;

In order to reduce the CO, emissions from buildings -
caused by heating, air conditioning,-hot water or

lighting - itis necessary both to build newlow energy
buildings, and to renovate the existing constructions.

29. 5 Sa nö arelelafe are ; fore
management.

30. absolute necessi