14 .pulmonarytuberculosis.ppt MEDICAL studies

Tb

1. PULMONARY

2. INTRODUCTION
PulmonaryTuberculosis(TB)isaninfectious
diseasethatmainlyaffectthelungsparenchyma.
TBisacontagiousbacterial(M.tuberculosis)
infectionthatmainlyaffectsthelungs
parenchyma,butmayspreadtootherorgans.
TBisanancientdisease.SignsofskeletalTB
(pottdisease)wereevidentinEuropefrom
Neolithictimes,ancientegypt,andinthepre-
ColumbianNewWorld.
PhysiciansinancientGreececalledthisillnessas
“phthisis”reflectingitswastingcharacter.

3. TBhasremainedanenemyofhumansociety
forallage.
TBisnotonlyaproblemfortheperson
sufferingfromitortheirfamiliesbutapublic
healthproblemoftheentireworld.

4. DISEASE CLASSIFICATION
INFLAMMATORY
DISEASE
•ItisaChronicspecific
Inflammatoryinfectious
Diseasecausedby
MycobacteriumTuberculosis
Inhuman.
•Usuallyattacksthelungsbut
Itcanalsoeffectanypartof
Thebody.

5. ETIOLOGY
TB is caused by the bacteria M. tuberculosis
(most common cause).
Other than tuberculosis –includes;
M. avium intracellulare
M. kansasi
M. scrofulaceuru
M. ulcerans
M. marinum and etc.

6. It also caused by breathing in
air droplets from a cough or
sneeze of an infected person
this is called Primary TB.
Risk factors of tuberculosis is;
Elderly
Infants
Low socioeconomic status
Crowded living conditions
Disease that weakens
immune system like HIV
Alcoholism
Recent Tubercular infection
(within last 2 years) and ect.

7. TBspreadfrompersontopersonbyairborne
transmission.Infectedpersonreleasedroplet
nuclei(1-5micrometerindiameter)through,
Talking
Coughing
Sneezing
Laughing
Singing
•Ifnottreatedproperly,TBcanbefatal.

9. PATHOGENESIS
Susceptible
Or
Mycobacterium
Tuberculosis
Latent
Infection
Recovery
Reactivation
Active
tuberculosis
Miliary
tuberculosis
Extrapulmonary
Tuberculosis
PULMONARY
TUBERCULOSIS

10. MANIFESTATIONS -symptoms
TheprimarystageofTBusuallydoesn’tcause
symptoms.WhensymptomsofTBoccur,they
mayincludes;
Fatigue
Fever
Unintentionalweightloss

11. Other symptoms that may occur with
this disease;
Breathing difficulty
Chest pain
Wheezing.

12. MANIFESTATIONS -signs
Cough up of mucus and blood
Excessive sweating at night.

13. SIGNIFICANT LAB TEST
Tuberculin skin test (PPD test);
Injecting a small amount of protein from
tuberculosis bacteria between the
derived layer of the skin (usually
forearm).
Sputum examination and Cultures;
Is examined under a microscope to look
for tuberculosis bacteria and used to
grow the bacteria in a culture.

14. Interferon-gamma Blood test;
A simple blood is mixed with synthetic
proteins similar to those produced by the
tuberculosis bacteria.
If people are infected with tuberculosis
bacteria, their white blood cells produce
certain substances (interferons) in response
to the synthetic proteins.

15. IMAGING CONSIDERATION
ChestCTScan
ChestX-ray

16. RADIOLOGICAL APPERNCE
•Young male patient
with fever and
cough has focal
opacity in the left
lower lobe that
looks like a
pneumonia. This is a
case of primary
tuberculosis in an
adult.

18. References
•www.medicinet.com
•www.nlm.nih.gov
•http://www.e-radiography.net
•www.learningradiology.com