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1. WOLLO UNIVERSTY KOMBOLCHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY TEXTILE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT PROJECT TITLE:-CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL BEHAVIOR OF BAMBOO ACTIVATED CHARCOAL TREATED FABRIC PREPARED BY; ID NO 1 . Abere Bazezew……………………………………………..0053/05 2. Askale Tainalem…………………………………………..0176/05 3. Daniel Getaneh…………………………………………….0177/05 4 Mekides Degarege…………………………………………0072/05 Under The Guidance of Dr.Bahrani Murugesan June 23 ,2017

2. CHAPTER ONE; INTRODUCTION In the abundance of various finishes, importance is given to antimicrobial finish, since people take much care about health and hygiene. Hygiene has acquired more importance in recent years. Since, as we know that Natural fibers are more susceptible to bacterial attack than the synthetic fibers due to their porous and hydrophilic nature.

3. CONT… Microorganisms are create multiple problems to textile including discoloration, unpleasant odor, stains and fiber damage . Besides, structure of the substrate and the chemical processes may induce growth of microbes. Humid and warm environment further aggravates the problem. The properties and performance of textile fibers are essential to fabric manufacturing and utilization. It is well known that fabrics made of natural fibers provide desirable properties, such as high absorbency, breathability, and softness to wear comfortably, but the expanded utility of cotton fabrics in certain classical and especially non-classical applications is some what limited due to the fiber's relatively low strength, unsatisfied durability, easy creasing, and easy soiling .

4. STATEMENT OF PROPLEM Textiles being more vulnerable to microbial attack would cause many cross infections and allergic reactions. A number of textiles with antibacterial finishes are now in the market and their level of activity varies to a large extent Textile goods, especially made from natural Fibers, provide an excellent environment for microorganisms to grow, because of their large surface area and ability to retain moisture. Hence this study is needed to improve some of these problems

5. OBJECTIVES General objectives To characterize antimicrobial behavior of activated bamboo charcoal treated fabric. Specific objectives Preparation of Activated Bamboo Charcoal Treatment of fabrics with activated bamboo charcoal for the improvement of antimicrobial activity. Test the sample for its anti microbial Characteristics

6. Benefit and benifeciers of the study BENEFIT Bamboo charcoal can absorb the odors from all over the house, and can even prevent the growth of harmful bacteria. Bamboo charcoal emits far-infrared rays which are the rays of life and they can warm up your body temperature to promote blood circulation, speed up the metabolism, and encourage cell growth . Activate bamboo charcoal works great to regulate humidity, which is important for the health of your hair and body.

7. Cont.….. It protection of textile user against pathogenic or odour causing microorganisms or hygiene finishes. protection of textile itself from damage caused by mould, mildew or rot producing microorganism. Bamboo charcoal can be placed under your pillow. During your sleep, the bamboo charcoal can help regulate the humidity in your bed and absorb sweat and other chemicals your body emits normally etc.

8. BENEFICIARIES The beneficiaries of this project are:- g arment company's Textile factory Researchers customers

9. Limitation When we do this project to face different problems:- It needs at least 7 months but, we are permitted short time to do this project. It also needs many trial of antimicrobial activity testing for different cotton fabrics. However, we are limited to do only 1-3 trial antimicrobial testing for gray fabric. The study is also carried out only for bacteria innocuous E. coli because other types of microorganisms are not available. Financial problem is the main factor that affects our studies .Example daily transportation and mobile charges. Lack of facilities like:- internet access, computer lab class and also laboratory testing class etc.

10. CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW Textile goods, especially those made from natural Fibers, provide an excellent environment for microorganisms to grow, because of their large surface area and ability to retain moisture. Most textile materials currently used in hospitals and hotels are conductive to cross infection or transmission of diseases caused by microorganisms . In the abundance of various finishes, importance is given to antimicrobial finish, since people care much about health and hygiene. Hygiene has acquired more importance in recent years

11. BAMBOO CHARCOAL Bamboo charcoal is made of bamboo culms and waste material from bamboo processing. B amboo charcoal not only provides a new way to utilize bamboo, but also benefits to environment protection by reducing the residues pollution and excellent absorption properties.

12. CONT… Bamboo charcoal is functional material for environment protection and developed fast in recent years for the reasons that:- It used as high-grade charcoal reduced rapidly and almost exhausted T he harvest cycle of bamboo is short because it grows very fast. B amboo charcoal are similar in properties and can replace the high quality wood charcoal made from hardwood It also good in strength and easy to process into different shapes.

13. Round Charcoal Powder charcoal Particle charcoal Piece charcoal Cont.….

14. The properties are:- Anti-bacterial and anti-fungal property Breathable and dry property. Absorption and emission of Far Infrared Energy Prevent static electricity Wash Durable Bamboo Charcoal Property

15. USAGE OF BAMBOO CHARCOAL Due to its special properties and exceptional functions , bamboo charcoal is used widely.

16. A ntimicrobial F inish Antimicrobial finishes acts as a poison for them. There are different types antimicrobial finishes based on chemical and natural sources . It also control, destroy or suppress the growth of microorganisms and their negative effects of odor, staining and deterioration

17. CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT Materials are required :- Bamboo tree(plant) Weight of fabric Nitrate agar Aluminum foil Stove Grid machine Chemicals:- Activated charcoal Ammonia Ethyl alcohol Dispersing agent Calcium chloride Sodium chloride

18. METHODOLOGY

19. CONT…

20. CONT…

21. CONT…

22. Cont.… Bamboo is collected from the available area and cut into piece.

23. Cont.…. The cutting bamboo pieces are wrapped with aluminium foil to avoid the presence of oxygen during the conversion of charcoal.

24. Cont.… Wrapped bamboo pieces are kept on the oven dry for burning and burned.

25. Cont.…… Take 25 concentration of cacl2 according to bamboo charcoal to be immersed with 100ml water. After 24 hr. the charcoal can be changed in to activated charcoal.

26. Cont.…… Grind the Activated Charcoal using grinding machine into powder and sift to micron size particle of 75µm.

27. Recipe preparation During this time the recipe prepared according to weight of fabric to be treated the following material are needed . Parameters Amount Weight of fabric 2.08 g MLR ratio 1:20 Ethyl alcohol 0.4796ml Ammonium 0.3677ml Activated charcoal 0.3037g Dispersing agent 0.5596ml Amount of water 39.889ml

28. Testing procedures sterilized Universal beer agar Universal beer agar solution is prepared by using distilled water The solution is poured in the Petri plate After few hours the solution will be turned into gel The E-coli bacteria is incorporated on the gel in the Petri plate for the bacterial growth Then the sample was placed inside the petri plate. After 24hours of treatment the samples were analyzed for growth of anti-microbial activity.

29. Cont.….

30. Gram staining test method After 24 hours of growth from Universal beer agar, the growth suspension is taken using an inoculation needle and it is placed on a glass slide. A smear is made and it is heat fixed. The Gram negative bacteria stained by saffranin and hence appear pink in color .

31. CHAPTER FOUR:RESULT & DISCUSSION Antimicrobial activity in samples treated with Bamboo Activated Charcoal, analysed and the results are discussed in this section . Figure 4.1 Effect of E-coli over Bamboo Activated Charcoal treated cotton fabric before wash

32. Cont.…… Figure 4.2 Effect of E-Coli over Bamboo Activated Charcoal treated cotton fabric after 15 times wash

33. Cont.….. Figure 4.3 Effect of E.coli Over Non Activated Bamboo Charcoal Treated Cotton Fabric

34. Cont.….. Table 4.1 Zone of Inhibition in mm

35. Cont.……. The Bamboo activated charcoal treated sample shows a good zone of inhibition. It is clearly observed from the Figure 4.1,4.2 & 4.3 When the samples are treated with activated bamboo charcoal, the porous structure of the charcoal starts to penetrate inside to the core of the fabric and it influences the anti-microbial ability Similarly , surface roughness of the samples plays a major role in antimicrobial activity. It is also observed that the wash-ability of the samples after washing exhibit have antimicrobial behavior with a zone of inhibition.

36. CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION CONCLUSION We concluded that from this project work t he bamboo activated charcoal treated samples are show good results in gram negative bacteria like E.Coli. Bamboo activated charcoal treated samples exhibit good zone of inhibition. But the zone of inhibition remains the same before and after washes.

37. RECOMMENDATION We would like to give recommendation for textile factory and customer:- The factory to use activated bamboo charcoal as antimicrobial treatment of fabric to prevent harm full bacterial growth in the fabric like E.coli ,bacillus, staphylococcus auras bacteria and fungi like mildew and also avoid unpleasant odor, discoloration and degradation of fabric from their factory. The customer to use antimicrobial treated fabric to prevent skin irritation, allergic infection and also to improve blood circulation system, speed up metabolism and encourage cell growth from their body. This work could be extended to develop with Nano particle sizes of activated bamboo charcoal for better results on antimicrobiality .

38. REFERENCE 1 . M.H. Abo Shosha 1, A.M. Hashem, Easy care finishing of knitted cotton fabric in presence of a reactive type Antibacterial Agent, journal of Industrial Textile, October 2008 vol.38 no.2103-126 2 . www.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIVERSAL BEER AGAR 3 . Bruceton J. In:Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry of medicinal plants.paris:Lavoisier publishing; 1995. Back to cited text no. 4. Bruce.ton J. In:Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry of medicinal plants.paris:Lavoisier publishing; 1995. 5. Grieve M. A Modern Herbal. New York: Dover Publication, Inc.; 1979 6. De A. Practical and applied microbioology.Mumbai: National Book Depot; 2002

39. Cont.….. 7. Manual for Bamboo Charcoal production and Utilization Guan Mingier Bamboo Engineering Research Center E.Najing forestry University 8. Chaurasia SC, Jain PC. Antibacterial activity of essential oils of four medicinal plants. Indian J Hosp Pharm. 1978; 166-68. 9. Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals, Vol.19 No.1 pp.9-15, 2009.Physical properties of Polyolefin/Bamboo Charcoal Composites ,Siriwan Kittinaovarat and Worawat Suthamnoi 10. Manual for Bamboo Charcoal Production and Utilization Guan Mingier Bamboo Engineering Research Center E.Nanjing Forestry University 11. Nurul’ain Binti Jabit , The production and characterization of activated carbon using local agricultural waste through chemical activation process by , June 2007 12. Ian A. S. Edwards; Harry Marsh (1989). Introduction to carbon science. Butterworths. ISBN 9780408038379 13. Gómez-Serrano V, Cuerda-Correa EM, Fernández-González MC, Alexandre-Franco MF, Macías-García A (2005). Preparation of activated carbons from chestnut wood by phosphoric acid chemical activation. Study of micro porosity and fractal dimension.

40. Cont.… 14. Mater. Lett. 59(7): 846-853 Guo, J. and A.C. Lua, 2003. Surface Functional Groups on Oil-Palm-Shell Adsorbents prepared by and KOH Activation and their Effects on Adsorptive Capacity. Transactions of Institution of Chemical Engineers, (8 1(A)): 585-590 15. Bruneton J. In: Pharmacognosy, Photochemistry of Medicinal Plants. Paris: Lavoisier Publishing; 1995. 16. Indian Pharmacopoeia. Delhi: Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare—Controller of Publications; 1996. Vol 1. p. 310 17. Ahmad I, Beg AZ. Antimicrobial and phytochemical studies on 45 Indian medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant human pathogens. J Ethnopharmacol 2001;74:113-23

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