16102024-presentation about osteoporosis .pdf

Hello My name is Rahma Eldawakhli, I'm a first year Medical student at East Port said National University In Egypt and I wanted to share my first presentation in my medical journey with you , waiting for your feedbacks I hope you guys like it >>>3

1. OSTEOPOROSIS
Presented By : Group B4
EPN University | 2024
Made by :Rahma Eldawakhli

2. OSTEOPOROSIS OVERVIEW
Early detection and preventive
measures, such as a calcium- and
vitamin D-rich diet and regular
exercise, are essential for
maintaining bone health.
EPN University | 2024
Difination
Osteoporosis is a condition
characterized by weakened bones,
increasing the risk of fractures,
especially in the hip, spine, and wrist.
Key Symptoms
Increased fractures from minor
trauma,Back pain from vertebral
fractures,Gradual loss of height
Stooped posture due to spinal
weakness
9
By:Refaat Eid

3. EPN University | 2024
•WHAT IS OSTEOPOROSIS?
1
•Osteoporosis is a condition that weakens bones, increasing
fracture risk, especially in the hips, spine, and wrists. Known as
a "silent disease," it often has no symptoms until a fracture
occurs. It is most common in older adults, particularly
postmenopausal women, due to decreased estrogen levels,
which are vital for bone health.
By:Doaa Tamer

4. •Define pathology of osteoporosis:
-Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that, on
a cellular, results from osteoclastic bone resorption
not compensated by osteoblastic bone formation
this causes bones to become weak and fragile ,
thus increasing the risk fractures
By :Dalia Ali

5. EPN University | 2024
ANATOMY OF UPPER ARM
3
Upper Arm Anatomy
1. Skeletal: Humerus (head, tuberosities, shaft, olecranon fossa).
2. Muscles:
Anterior: Biceps Brachii (flexes elbow), Brachialis, Coracobrachialis.
Posterior: Triceps Brachii (extends elbow), Anconeus.
Nerves: Musculocutaneous, Radial (triceps/sensation), Ulnar (forearm/hand).
4. Vessels: Brachial artery (radial/ulnar branches).
5. Lymphatics: Axillary lymph nodes.
Functions: Arm movement; sensory/motor functions.
By:Ramez Mohamed

6. •Histology of Bones:
Components of bone
Matrix Components
1- water constitutes about 25%of the bone weight .
permits exchange of minerals between blood and matrix .
2- inorganic component constitutes about 45%of the bone weight it is minerals in the
from of :1 -calcium phosphates (in the from of hydroxyaptite crystal)
2 -few other ions sodium magnesium and ferrous.
3-it is responsible for the hardness of bone .
By:Dina Hussein

7. EPN University | 2024
8
OSTEOPROSIS RISKFACTORS AND
CAUSES
Osteoporosis ocurrs when bone mass decreases, leading to weaker bones
key risk factors include :
•Aging
•Hormonal
changes
•Family history
•Low body fat
•Low body
weight
•Medical
conditions
•Low calcium
•Inactivity
By:Randa Takieldin

8. WRIST DROP OVERVIEW
Wrist drop is a condition caused by radial nerve palsy, leading to an inability
to extend the wrist and fingers due to compromised nerve function. As a
result, the hand remains in a flexed position when attempting to lift the arm.
Common causes include trauma, such as stab wounds or humeral fractures,
as well as external compression from crutches or prolonged elbow pressure
("Saturday night palsy"). Systemic issues like lead poisoning, thiamine
deficiency (beriberi), or neuromuscular disorders such as ALS can also
contribute. Treatment varies based on the severity and cause, ranging from
conservative management to surgery.
EPN University | 2024
11
By:Ragab Abozaid

9. Healthcare involves the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of
diseases and physical or mental impairments. It is provided by professionals across
fields like medicine, nursing, dentistry, pharmacy, and more. Healthcare includes
primary, secondary, tertiary care, and public health services. Access varies due to
factors like financial limitations, geography, and sociocultural barriers, which can
impact the effectiveness of treatments and health outcomes.
EPN University | 2024
4
•Health care levels
By: khloud khaled

10. SYMPTOPS OF OSTEOPOROSIS
EPN University | 2024
Fatigue or weakness
Stiffness
weak grip strength
Reduced Mobility
Breaking of bones more
easily
Loss of weight over time
Loss of bone tissue
Frequent back pain
Decreased Height
over time
Difficulty maintaining
balance
stooping posture
Thank You
2
-This disease typically affects older individuals and shows no early signs.
Common symptoms include:
By:Rahma Azmy

11. IMAGING AND REQUIRED TESTS TO
DIAGNOSE OSTEOPOROSIS
Biochemichal Tests
Blood and urine tests to evaluate
calcium and vitamin D levels, along with
bone turnover markers, which help
assess underlying conditions and bone
health.
EPN University | 2024
X-Rays
Useful for identifying existing fractures
and significant bone loss, although not
for initial diagnosis.
Dual-Energy X-ray
Absorptiometry (DXA) Scan
Provides a detailed 3D assessment of
bone density, particularly useful for the
spine and when DXA results are
inconclusive.
Quantitative Computed
Tomography (QCT)
The primary test for measuring bone
mineral density (BMD) and diagnosing
osteoporosis, with a T-score of -2.5 or
lower indicating the condition.
10
By:Rahma Eldawakhli

12. PREVENTION OF OSTEOPOROSIS
1
2
3
Physical Activity: Weight-bearing exercises like walking, running, and strength
training enhance bone density and reduce fracture risk.
Avoid Harmful Habits: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption increase
osteoporosis risk. Smokers often lose bone density, while alcohol disrupts calcium
balance, heightening the likelihood of fracture
Nutrition: Adequate calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone strength.
EPN University | 2024
5
By:Rokia Elmasry

13. TREATMENT OF
OSTEOPOROSIS
EPN University | 2024
Bisphosphonates,Bisphosphona
tes,Denosumab,Teriparatide
Calcitonin
7
Ensure adequate intake of
Vitamin D and calcium through
diet and supplements.
Nutrition Medications
•
Fall Prevention
Implement strategies to minimize
the risk of falls.
Surgery: Perform
fracture fixation when
necessary.
Rehabilitation: Utilize
physiotherapy for strength and
mobility.
•
By:Rodaina Mashaly

14. EPN University | 2024
12
Hormone levels
Osteoporosis is more common in people who have too much or too little of certain hormones in their bodies.
Examples include:
Sex hormones. Lowered sex hormone levels tend to weaken bone. The fall in estrogen levels in women at
menopause is one of the strongest risk factors for developing osteoporosis. Treatments for prostate cancer
that reduce testosterone levels in men and treatments for breast cancer that reduce estrogen levels in women
are likely to accelerate bone loss.
Thyroid problems. Too much thyroid hormone can cause bone loss. This can occur if your thyroid is overactive o
if you take too much thyroid hormone medicine to treat an underactive thyroid.
Other glands. Osteoporosis has also been associated with overactive parathyroid and adrenal glands.
By:Donia Helmy

15. X-RAYS IN OSTEOPOROSIS
ASSESSMENT
EPN University | 2024
13
X-rays are high-energy electromagnetic radiation that can pass through most
objects, including the body. They are used to create images of internal tissues
and structures by producing "shadows" on an x-ray detector, such as
photographic film or digital sensors. The resulting images, known as radiographs,
help diagnose various medical conditions.
By:Donia salem

16. THANK YOU
Made By : Rahma Eldawakhli
EPN University | 2024