19_machine_guarding2 presentaion in processs

machine guarding

1. Machine Guarding
MODULE 19

2. 2 ©2006 TEEX
What hazards exist?
Crushed by or drawn into equipment
Struck by moving parts
Struck by failed components or particles

3. 3 ©2006 TEEX
Key parts of machines
1.Point of operation: where work is
performed on the material, such as cutting,
shaping, boring, or forming of stock.
2.Power Transmission Device: transmits
energy to the part of the machine performing
the work
Includes flywheels, pulleys, belts, connecting
rods, couplings, cams, spindles, chains, cranks,
and gears.

4. 4 ©2006 TEEX
Key parts of machines
3.Operation Controls: Control
mechanisms
4.Other moving parts: can include
reciprocating, rotating, and transverse
moving parts, feed mechanisms, and
auxiliary parts of the machine

5. 5 ©2006 TEEX
Hazards to be Guarded
Things to guard include
In-running nip points
Rotating equipment
Flying chips or sparks
Belts or gears
Parts that impact or shear

6. 6 ©2006 TEEX
Rotating Parts
Can grip hair or clothing
Can force the body into a dangerous
position
Projecting pieces increase risk

7. 7 ©2006 TEEX
In-Running Nip Points
Between 2 rotating parts
Between rotating and tangential parts
Between rotating and fixed parts which
shear, crush, or abrade

8. 8 ©2006 TEEX
Reciprocating Parts
Risk of being struck between stationary
and moving part

9. 9 ©2006 TEEX
Transverse motion
Continuous straight line motion
Worker struck or caught in pinch or
shear point

10. 10 ©2006 TEEX
Cutting action
Direct injury from cutting action
Flying chips or sparks
Saws, drills, lathes, mills

11. 11 ©2006 TEEX
Punching action
Ram stamps materials
Danger at point of operation

12. 12 ©2006 TEEX
Shearing action
Powered blade that shears materials
Hazard at point of operation

13. 13 ©2006 TEEX
Bending action
Power applied to a slide to stamp/shape
materials
Hazard at point of operation

14. 14 ©2006 TEEX
Guarding Principles
Prevent contact between hazardous moving
parts and body or clothing
Secure guard: not easily removed
Protect from objects falling into machinery
No new hazards: sharp/rough edges
No interference with job/comfort/speed
Allow safe lubrication: without removing
guards if possible

15. 15 ©2006 TEEX
Guarding Methods
Location / distance
Guards
Fixed
Interlocked
Adjustable
Self-adjusting

16. 16 ©2006 TEEX
Guarding Methods
Devices
Presence sensing
Pullback
Restraint
Safety controls (tripwire cable, two-hand
control, etc.)
Gates

17. 17 ©2006 TEEX
Guarding Methods
Feeding & ejection methods
Automatic and/or semi-automatic feed and
ejection
Robots
Miscellaneous aids
Awareness barriers
Protective shields
Hand-feeding tools

18. 18 ©2006 TEEX
Fixed Guard
Barrier is a
permanent part of
machine
Preferable over other
types

19. 19 ©2006 TEEX
Interlocked Guard
Stops motion when guard is opened or
removed
Interlocked
guard on
revolving drum

20. 20 ©2006 TEEX
Adjustable Guard
Barrier may
be adjusted
for variable
operations
What are the
drawbacks?
Bandsaw blade
adjustable guard

21. 21 ©2006 TEEX
Self-Adjusting Guard
Adjusts according to size/position of
material
Circular table saw
self-adjusting guard

22. 22 ©2006 TEEX
Pullback Device
Cables attached to
operator’s hands or
wrists
Removes hands
from point of
operation during
danger period
What are the
drawbacks?

23. 23 ©2006 TEEX
Restraint Device
Cables attached to
fixed point and
wrists or hands
Adjustable to let
hands travel in
predetermined area
May be
accompanied by
hand-feeding tools

24. 24 ©2006 TEEX
Safety Tripwire Cable
Device located
around the
perimeter of or
near the danger
area
Operator must be
able to reach the
cable to stop the
machine

25. 25 ©2006 TEEX
Two-Hand Control
Requires constant
pressure on both
pads to activate
the machine
Hands on controls
at safe distance
while machine is
in dangerous
cycle

26. 26 ©2006 TEEX
Gate
Must close fully to protect user before
cycle will start
Gate Open Gate Closed

27. 27 ©2006 TEEX
Safeguarding by
Location/Distance
Location of hazardous parts that is
inaccessible or not a hazard during
normal operation
Must maintain safe distance
Training, warning, communication
necessary

28. 28 ©2006 TEEX
Protective Shields
Protection from flying particles or
splashing fluids
Do not protect
completely from
machine hazards

29. 29 ©2006 TEEX
What regulations apply?
29 CFR 1910 Subpart O
29 CFR 1910 Subpart P for hand and
portable power tools
API RP 54 6.8 Machinery and Tools

30. Machinery and Machine Guarding
29 CFR 1910 SUBPART O

31. 31 ©2006 TEEX
Organization
211.Definitions
212.General requirements for all machines
213.Woodworking machinery requirements
215.Abrasive wheel machinery
216.Mills and calenders in the rubber and
plastics industries
217.Mechanical power presses
218.Forging machines
219.Mechanical power-transmission apparatus

32. General Requirements
29 CFR 1910.212

33. 33 ©2006 TEEX
1910.212(a) Machine guarding
1.One or more types of guarding to
protect from hazards.
Barrier guards
Two-hand tripping devices
Electronic safety devices
Etc.
2.Affixed to machine where possible
Guard must not cause its own hazard

34. 34 ©2006 TEEX
1910.212(a) Machine guarding
3.Point of operation guarding:
ii.Guarded if exposes employee to injury
According to standards or
Keep any part of body out of danger zone
iii.Hand tools to permit material handling –
in addition to guards, not instead
iv.Examples of machines requiring guards
on point of operation

35. 35 ©2006 TEEX
1910.212(a) Machine guarding
4.Revolving barrels, drums, containers
guarded by interlocked enclosure
(cannot turn without guard in place)
5.Exposure to fan blades: guard
openings 1/2 inch

36. 36 ©2006 TEEX
1910.212(b) Anchoring fixed
machinery
Machines designed for fixed location
must be anchored to prevent moving
This pedestal grinder is
designed for anchoring,
but is not anchored

37. Abrasive Wheel Machinery
29 CFR 1910.215

38. 38 ©2006 TEEX
1910.215(a) General
requirements
Abrasive wheels
must be guarded,
with exceptions
Guard design
dependent on type
of work and type of
wheel

39. 39 ©2006 TEEX
1910.215(a) General
requirements
Work rests:
Rigid, clamped in place securely
Adjusted to within 1/8 inch of wheel
Never adjusted while in motion
Work rest is closely
adjusted

40. 40 ©2006 TEEX
1910.215(b)(9) Exposure
adjustment
For type where operator
stands in front of
opening: Adjustable for
decreasing wheel size
Adjustable tongue
guard must never be
more than ¼ inch from
wheel

41. 41 ©2006 TEEX
1910.215(d) Mounting
Inspect for damage and ring test
immediately before mounting
Tap with light nonmetallic implement
(screwdriver, wooden mallet)
If sound is dead, cracked ring may not be
used
Check spindle speed against maximum
for wheel

42. 42 ©2006 TEEX
Ring Test

43. Mechanical Power-Transmission
Apparatus
29 CFR 1910.219

44. 44 ©2006 TEEX
Organization of 1910.219
(a) General requirements
(b) Prime-mover guards
(1)Flywheels
(2)Cranks and connecting rods
(3)Tail rods or extension piston rods
(c) Shafting
(d) Pulleys

45. 45 ©2006 TEEX
Organization of 1910.219
(e) Belt, rope, and chain drives
(f) Gears, sprockets, and chains
(g) Guarding friction drives
(h) Keys, setscrews, and other projections
(i) Collars and couplings
(j) Bearings and facilities for oiling
(k) Guarding of clutches, cutoff couplings,
and clutch pulleys

46. 46 ©2006 TEEX
Organization of 1910.219
(l) Belt shifters, clutches, shippers, poles,
perches, and fasteners
(m) Standard guards-general
requirements
(o) Approved materials
(p) Care of equipment

47. Hazards on Oil and Gas Sites
Machine Guarding

48. 48 ©2006 TEEX
Parts Requiring Guarding
Drive belts and shafts – mud pumps
and tank area
Pony rods
Rotating parts
Shale shaker
Agitator shafts & couplings
Moving generator parts
(explore)

49. 49 ©2006 TEEX
Mud Pumps

50. 50 ©2006 TEEX
Shale Shaker

51. 51 ©2006 TEEX
Generators

52. 52 ©2006 TEEX
Parts Requiring Guarding
Air compressors
Crown sheaves
Kelly bushing – or controls
Rotary chain drive
Air hoist line
Drawworks
Bench grinder wheels

53. 53 ©2006 TEEX
Crown Sheaves

54. 54 ©2006 TEEX
Kelly and Bushing
Alternative Abatement:
STD 1-12.28 CH-1

55. 55 ©2006 TEEX
Drawworks

56. 56 ©2006 TEEX
Parts Requiring Guarding
Belts, drive chains, gears and drives on
power and hand tools
Traveling blocks
Sheaves
Cathead?

57. 57 ©2006 TEEX
Drilling Line

58. 58 ©2006 TEEX
Traveling Block

59. 59 ©2006 TEEX
Hoisting Line

60. Safety Responsibilities
Machine Guarding

61. 61 ©2006 TEEX
Safety Responsibilities
Management:
Ensure all machinery is properly guarded
Supervisors:
Train employees on specific guard rules in their areas
Ensure machine guards remain in place and are
functional
Immediately correct machine guard deficiencies
Employees:
Do not remove guards unless machine is locked and
tagged
Report machine guard problems to supervisors
immediately
Do not operate equipment unless guards are in place

62. 62 ©2006 TEEX
Training
Operators/affected employees should receive
training on:
Hazards associated with particular machines
How the safeguards provide protection and the
hazards for which they are intended
How and why to use the safeguards
How and when safeguards can be removed and
by whom
What to do if a safeguard is damaged, missing, or
unable to provide adequate protection

63. Hand and Portable Power Tools
29 CFR 1910 Subpart P and 1926 Subpart I

64. 64 ©2006 TEEX
Construction vs. General
Industry
Construction, alteration, or repair?
Applicable standard depends on type of
operations:
1910 Subpart P: Hand and Portable
Powered Tools and Other Hand-Held
Equipment
1926 Subpart I: Tools – Hand and Power

65. 65 ©2006 TEEX
1910.242 General
Employer is responsible for safe
condition of tools and equipment
Including equipment furnished by
employee
Compressed air must not be used for
cleaning unless:
Reduced to <30 p.s.i.
Only with effective chip guarding and PPE

66. 66 ©2006 TEEX
1910.243(a) Portable powered
tools
Portable circular saws >2 in. guarded
Automatic return to covering position
Switches and controls:
constant pressure control for circular and
chain saws
other controls for other tools as
appropriate

67. 67 ©2006 TEEX
1910.243(a) Portable powered
tools
Portable belt sanding machine guarding
Nip points
Unused run of sanding belt
Cracked saws: remove from service
Grounding: Meet Subpart S

68. 68 ©2006 TEEX
1910.243(b) Pneumatic powered
tools and hose
Tool retainer to prevent ejection
Airhose designed for applied pressure
and service

69. 69 ©2006 TEEX
1910.243 Guarding of portable
powered tools
c.Portable abrasive wheels:
Must be guarded
Ring test and inspection
d.Explosive actuated fastening tools
e.Power lawnmowers
Guarding
Controls and shutoff device
Labeling, manuals
Design

70. 70 ©2006 TEEX
1910.244 Other portable tools
and equipment
a.Jacks
Loading and marking
Operation and maintenance
b.Abrasive blast cleaning nozzles:
operating valve and support

71. 71 ©2006 TEEX
1926.300 General requirements
Maintained in safe condition whether
furnished by employer or employee
Shall be guarded when designed to
accommodate guards
Moving parts that create hazards shall
be guarded by one or more methods
Fan openings; anchoring machinery

72. 72 ©2006 TEEX
1926.300 General requirements
Abrasive wheel guards
PPE if necessary for objects, particles,
gases
Allowable switches by tool type

73. 73 ©2006 TEEX
1926.301 Hand tools
Use of unsafe hand tools not
permitted
Wrenches shall not be used when
jaws are sprung to the point of
slippage
Including adjustable, pipe, end &
socket wrenches
Impact tools shall be kept free of
mushroomed heads
Such as drift pins, wedges & chisels
Wooden handles shall be kept
Free of splinters or cracks
Tight in the tool

74. 74 ©2006 TEEX
1926.302 Power-operated hand
tools
Electric power-operated tools
Double-insulated or grounded
Never hold by the cord
Pneumatic power-operated tools
Secure tools, attachments, and muzzle
Compressed air use restrictions
Never hold by the hose
Reduce pressure in case of hose failure

75. 75 ©2006 TEEX
1926.302 Power-operated hand
tools
Fuel operated tools
Stop while refueling or servicing
Watch concentrations in enclosed spaces
Hydraulic power tools
Fire-resistant fluids
Safe operating pressures
Powder-actuated tools

76. 76 ©2006 TEEX
1926 Subpart I Organization
1926.303 Abrasive wheels and tools
1926.304 Woodworking tools
1926.305 Jacks
1926.306 Air receivers
1926.307 Mechanical power-
transmission apparatus