അഴിമതി നിരോധന നിയമം 1988 - The prevention of corruption act,1988 (malayalam) ഉപലോഡ്ഡ് ബൈ ടി ജെയിംസ് ജോസഫ് അധികാരത്തിൽ കോട്ടയം

mysandesham 6,851 views 31 slides Nov 02, 2018
Slide 1
Slide 1 of 31
Slide 1
1
Slide 2
2
Slide 3
3
Slide 4
4
Slide 5
5
Slide 6
6
Slide 7
7
Slide 8
8
Slide 9
9
Slide 10
10
Slide 11
11
Slide 12
12
Slide 13
13
Slide 14
14
Slide 15
15
Slide 16
16
Slide 17
17
Slide 18
18
Slide 19
19
Slide 20
20
Slide 21
21
Slide 22
22
Slide 23
23
Slide 24
24
Slide 25
25
Slide 26
26
Slide 27
27
Slide 28
28
Slide 29
29
Slide 30
30
Slide 31
31

About This Presentation

അഴിമതി നിരോധന നിയമം 1988 - The prevention of corruption act,1988 (malayalam) uploaded by ടി ജെയിംസ് ജോസഫ് അധികാരത്തിൽ കോട്ടയം


Slide Content

«J/(J5P712)(lJ)7m7(3(D:Jwm@lJ)7mJo«J/(J(lJ)Jf2):Jw?6T2Jm(6)lJ:!3rib:J(DJ6lJT3u8r1:J6)J
J•
f2)owJg]f}m7wf2)o(71)0(3wo~7(J:j7r1:J6) JmJ(lJ)7mJO(315(3(f)(lJ)7
6).a..JCJljJmJ(lJ)7mJ0(3(lJ6T7S7wJg]f}«J'@abrf.
gQrrmc\emol7d6TJd1<ool6lrrg39-::JocruoruroruffiCUTIDlamnJ::Jrogj6l121nf<ID::J6l<9
nJOW6emlnJdh::Jffiomlwl2ll2l::J<oollnJ6l.Jc\::JnJl<OO6em6.-
~(U~em.\6m3@60dhOffi6TT)6m3@6o~.-ruc\ruffilOdhuOdhl56<IDamun::Jce<ID"ldh
ffil~66ldh::J6n'560 nJffilwldhls6<IDamruc\::JnJl7dl~6 6ldh::J6n'560
mlgjrulgj6~
aml<91121<IDlml~ffi::Jwm mlwl2l6m36l~ dhls6<IDamo..OgjlnJBl2l0<OO6dhomem<IDoEiT"O
gQ~ 6TlJl~l6lng gjd3:&lc\0.
2.crurrmomodhl2l2JlglW
6
6lSunlnJoroundh~m6cruffil-9ad 1964-amaml<91121<IDl
ml~ffi::Jwm ~cfuS, 1947(X(sB(J)<IDlruffi
6
CUTID1.gQrrmc\emnJ"lmam~dh::Jru.>l6lgj
amlCWc\::JWo9-6lgjruc\ruffilOdh~lam cruro<OO::Jro~"lrum<OO::Jffi6121::Jwl gQS6lnJ
s6em<ID16lm<OO601~60 dh
6
gdhffil2l::JWcruJ@::JruBl~c\CUTID1~gj~ «mru6lffiru<91
6l<IDgl<OO6emru6lffi<OO601~60 lnJ<IDlnJ::JB1<OO6em6~' 1944-6lgjldhl1211mam~@B
(J)<IDl63ororu.>lmemcrulam,aml<91121<ID1<w1gjl6lS~ms6em amlmwldh~<IDcrujmrID,
6l6ldhQl::Jgo6l.!lJ~6l7d3 ~~lam mlem6l2l6u06l7d6lSdh6n'566ldh36em<IDlm6~
ruc\ruffilOdh~60~~. cruro<OO::Jro~"lrum<OO::Jffi 66ls<Wlswlamaml<91Ql<ID16l<OO<IDl
ffi::J<wldhls6<IDamo..OgjlnJBQl::J<wlgQ~ rue\rucru.odh6l~ Ql::Jg&em<IDlmgQ<ID6~nJO
6lgj<w6~ruc\rucru.odhuO~@B(J)<IDlruffi6CUTIDl6l<OO::J~om~dh::JnJl7d1<006em
<IDlm0EiT"O6TlfIflJgjd3:&lc\Qlls6emem.
3.gQrrmc\emunld3:&l::Jml<Wl2lo161121
6
<IDam165omrudh67d6dhuOru6lffi
<W6~ruW<OO6 dh"l<91gj6~ dh6gdh~<IDc\6m36l~ nm~dh::JnJl7dlt66)6dh gQ~dh6g
dh~<IDc\6m3uO~omro6l7d56CUTIDlw136~nJl<9rurocwl7d1t66)6dh,dh6g
rul.!lJ::Jffi6mw~ «mm
6
Ql<IDlmQJdhl<w@l6lm«mm6dhlgjl~6 6ldh06TlS6~ eLn.oJO
ffi6m~t66)::Js<ID1<W66ls ~CUTIDffioJ, aml<IDl6)m®q)ffi
6
o
gQ<ID1~m::Jsdho ~.!lJ::JBc\0

'~~slf&LQ)ruuu gIDLE§ee>~fij
LO~ee>~~IOLE§E.lfl9m..Ll91\9 LettlCoEJQJ)LruE§<9ee>OT\J.)ru~ru E§e§~IO~U'U.9 .9
·~C(Q)~~Slf&LQJ)§g)Q.lLW guclmru<9o<9EPI.W Q!>ee>~fij~ee>ru
<Q.wS<9CE§g)ee>OT\J.)ru~ru gID<9EPCruLa>E9<IDC0~QJ)ru<Q.w'L<IDC0IOcruQ)(Ql)WQlf»
.~C(Q)<.IllQ)C~L0 ~QJ)ru<Q.wal9<.IllQ)g)Q.lLWIOLW.>,0>~gIDLCTUCtg1g)gIDWl.f~gu~(Ql)a§
gIDCWL(Q)~ ~slf&litlJ"UCee>g)£flu~Cee><9~f'VlitLCWQ.lruRice>LQJ)gIDL<.IllQ)0<IDLW
(Q)6'~<IDLWQ!>ee>OT\J.)ru~ru10<9lE§ee>~ft ~ee>ruQ)<9ru(f}t;-99~gID(Q)~0 ~9~ '17
.~ ~SL<IDL<.IllQ) ~sft<9Q!>~ 0~E§ee>OT\J.)ru \"ruf'VLCTUJru90<Ul ~(Q)ill) ~<9EPL(J)C<IDg)LwLru
oQ)cee>Lml2lfl)~~WR)UlfULOgID0g)guLE§ee>~ruQ)<.IllQ)~ IOC~S~ 0~E§ee>OT\J.)ru\"ru
wmcQ)g)LWsfij<9CTUJru9L<IDC0~(Q)ill)~ee>@().)Rtg)0~E§ee>OT\J.)ru \"ru~~<9EP,(ID
(li9Q)CruLruWLEJoWEJ<9<9S<9~E§ee>~<Ulee>g)'~L(Q)ill),~<9EPC10L<.IllQ)(J)rug)w>E.W90ee>l
LSruSW·.~C(Q) ~~SL(Q),(IDru<9 0Wee>CIOg)ruQlf»~<9(li9Q)ee>1.1O ~ruLru ~<9L<.IllQ)
WrufUQ.lLWgu<9L<.IllQ)U)C<IDg)ru1ill)Wu,guee>ru<Ulg)~(Q)Cru<9,.'L<IDC0ee>L~Q.l8J C<Ul,
gIDL~lJU9 W<9E.lfl9Lill)Wu'el~<.IllQ)~Sft<9Q!>@OT\J.)ru\"ruill)Wu.0~<9EPLQ)L<IDC00
L(Ql)Qlf»'crag)Lcelal9<9~SL(Q1QJ.9La> 'elYF'Ul~OQ)<Q.w (li9Q)cruLruCIOg)Lcel~<9LSL(Q) ,(IDru<9

amlfIDJJ(D)oI
tnJJ((}oBo
1. A.I~CO~cS6)c:~co~o ru.\ocJal)l(D)~o.- (1)@'D~e&sl6lm (ffi()\91Ql<IDl
mlc:coowm~e&g, 1988nfj)em
6
o1l~1cS6)oOJ6em<IDoorn.
(2)gQ'D~e&S ~QlZ16cfbOuOQl1m63\916lcfbgQ<TID.\6'>QlOroTIDoOJ.,\onJlcB6)6
em<ID6
0gQ<TID.\cB6)6nJ
6
OroTID6~ @CTID.,\emnJ'DCO\l2loro6'>cB6)~oo ~cd)6TlJOwcfbru6
Qloorn.
2.mlmCl/A.lm6tJBu8.-gQ'D~e&glC15B cru03mrsoQlg601lwroTID1C15B~ru
uo.,\6l~5OroTIDnJdbS::lo,-
(nfj))"(lJ)7(()6)6TlmJ)5J?1"nfj)em0C15Bn(j3<ID6o1lWroTIDleJ60n(j3<ID6m1CO>Ql
roTID1emcfb1\91eJ60,nJ0meJ6lQlof(ffi()6l~l'fb1C15Bm1CO>Qlm1mQl2l06fT)crurs<IDc:13uoIS
(06fT)0(ffi()6l~l'fb1C15B6lnJ0<ID6(ffi()w1cfb0(0cru.oomc:roTIDcB6)6~(ffi()0(f)6m36l~ <ID1(O
6lEmml)56cB6)6cfbnfj)em@C:I3UO.,\c:roTID06l5m5cB6)6emn(j36'><IDoro6<ID1ro6'>6TIl'TID56~60
nfj)emmcm..oQl0cfb6em6'
(6TlJ1)"6)n.JQ(lJ)JtfbrBamJ)(2JJ0"nfj)em0am63co6cfbmroTIDOJ.,\0(ffi()<ID16'>crg
mlm<}dnD6fT)roTID1am6lnJO<ID6~m6m3u8C:cB6)O,cruQllnOroTID1am6'>nJO<ID6ruoc:co>0
<IDoeJnJ(O.,\Ql6~cd) nfj)emmcm..oQlOcfb6em6'
(2J7UDr31tfb(()6J7)o.-@'D6l.J6ffi.OroTIDlam"c:~g" nfj)em<IDlamc:cfbl03lnJOC:B
uo1cfb(ffi()6l~l'fblamcruocru.oom~e&slm6 cfb1\91C:eJo(ffi()<ID1moC:eJocru.oonJI
cB6)6l~3 C:cfbom~C:On9:lc:mo 19566leJ(1956-6lcrg1)cfbffiJm"lmJ'~e&sl6leJ
617-00rucfb6~m6cru(Ol~ mlm<}d.a..I1~36~, (f)OJ6T'T86'>Qlcrg1moC15Bm1CO>lCTIDlcB6)
6l~3c:<ID0,crun.O0wlcB6)6l~3c:<ID0~CD>63(06(ffi()wlcfb0(Ole:CD>0cruoneJC:QlO
63(06(f)ru6T'T86lQlcrgUcfbffiJmlc:CD>0@u86l~s6em<IDO6T"l1.
(cru1)"6)n.JQ(lJ)Jc:rrv(2Jtfbrr8"nfj)emoC15B,-
(i)crumcB6)om <&~oeJ1CD>1<&8..I0, crumcB6)omuoffiJ~roTID1C:eJo n.01crul
mOC:eJOcfbQl2l"ln9:lmOC:eJ0crumcB6)o(01arnm1<Tl1n(j36l<IDl'fb1eJ
6
06lnJO<ID6cfbmroTID
OJ.\roTIDlmlnJ<IDln.aeJo6l6lcfb~g6emn(j36l<IDoroo~60nfj)emmcm..oQlOcfb6em6'

1Ou0(U)W9Q)cg><JU(U) ~Q)E9EWlmL(Q),(CDJU<9WRYlL~Q) sft<9WIDuCIOg)LEm9LCffiCIU9
'CIOg)L(Q.lQ)Q)CruCrmCIOg)L(Q.lQ)<IDC(U)mrm CIOg)L<IDl.,RiU~cg>(X!)
'0~E§cQ)c(Q)<9IDu <ID(Q.wC(Q)g)OO~sLsft<9
(Q.lQ)~sft<9Q)Ccg>Lffi00C(Q)g)<IDCW(Q)G>~<IDLWYJL(Q)ill)~(99)LuuruWLw0rnJ<llliVWcg>
~(Q)cru<9 O~IOLCffi(Q)<9IDu L<IDC0(f)C2J~<9L<llliV(J)CrEJg)@ O!!A)
'0~E§cQ)c<.Q)<9IDu sft<9(Q.lQ)~sft<9Q)Ccg>LffiOO gDcm
UmJU<9C<IDg)cg>~(99)LffiCQf)g)LQ)ruw ~ruC<IDg)cg>~(Q.lQ)WLWIOLW C<IDg)cg>~(99)LQ)cg>l.cru
L(U)rulC<IDg)cg>~(99)Cocffi)(Q) cg>Lsruwscmg) 'C<IDg)cg>~cg>C0(J)C2J ~<9L(Q)OO C<IDg)cg>
?(Q.lQ)SW~ft~S<Q.lQl9<9Q)L(Q) 'L<IDC0(f)C2J~<9L(Q.lQ)(J)CrEJg)@ (lIA)
~CremLCffiW9<9C<IDcg>~(99)lfU@IDuC<IDg)LQ)ccg>LffiOO ~(Q)cru<9~ ~<ID(Q)0R)cg>Q)Ccg>
LffiOOC<IDg)L(Q)sC(99)g)<IDCrWL(Q)I.W'L2.U9mg)CWg)LSwcftg)LO 'CWg)L(Q)ill)~(99)~s(f}u
OWC0~Q)I.(Q) ~LE§Em9W9Q)Ccg>rQ)Ccg> o~IOLCffi(Q)<9IDu Q)<9m~ 'C<IDg)L(Q)G>rmO~IOLCffi
(Q)<98g)0(~1.g)0~g)Qf)<ID ~0)CWg)mu>rcruC00~IOLCffi(Q)<9IDu (!A)
'o~E§cQ)c(Q)<9IDu OO~<IDS<9ft<9gn@ WW9RiUlotmJcg>'Wmlo(U)Lo'W8ffi.)g)lJcg>LIO
OO~s L<IDL(Q.lQ)~sft<9Q)ccg>LffiOOL(Q)sccg>g)<IDCrWL(Q)low0~WL<llliV W9<JUfUWLWrm
(Q.lQ)W'el~(Q)IDufLffiDlU9~WSCWg)L(Q.lQ)W9Q)2J<IDCrWL(Q)I.W(A)
.~ill) ~sft<9Qf>@
o~E§CQ)C (Q)<9IDu<IDC0~(Q)5ft<9(Q.lQ)~sft<9Q)C'elLffiOO ~C(Q.lQ)0<IDLW0~(Q)ill)~(99)L<JU
ruWLwQf>cg>1O(Q)0~JU <IDW9WLW<IDCrWC<IDg)C0(f)0Q.U))IO<9L<llliVIOuO(u)0~IOLCffi
(Q)<9IDuC<IDg)C0wr(U) ~L(Q)~ 'o~<IDL~,(TU~ ~Q)c(Q)<9IDu (AI)
'omcQ)c(Q)<9IDu
<ID(Q.wC(Q)g)ill)Wru0E§fU)Qf)C(Q)g)OO
~IOL(Q.lQ)Wm(U)g)
'c10g)L(Q.lQ)IOu0(U)ClOg)L(Q.lQ)Wrucmu>Q)C'elLffiQ.U)) ~Q)E9<ID(Q.w
c(Q)g)sft<9(99)L<IDC<JU(U)'c(Q)g)sft<9(99)LW1<IDLW ~CWL~0<9Q.U9m(J) 'oo~slf&
LJUruWLw ~tft~'elm OC-LL9 IO<9LS~(Q.w ,(illloWfU)'el(~~<9 996~) 10<9-996~
CIOg)LWRiUOg)ftWC'elg)~Q)E9 oo~sLsft<9(99)lfUCmu> CIOg)Ldilo'elgDL(Q)QlIDC<IDg)W
!\9g)~0 R~(Q.w yRYlg)~LCffi~<9QlID cg>LQf)Emcrul'EUlcg>g)(!II)
'0~E§cQ)c(Q)<9IDu <ID(Q.wC(Q)g)00~IOL<llliVWm(U)g) 'c(Q)g)
ill)~8ru0E§fU)Qf)~Lw ~(QJJl)WClJTU)Q)Ccg>LffiQlIDcg>LQf)EJg)crul01)

·0<@cQ)c(Q)<9li7uem(Qwcemg)LouCrDQ)C2)>:WbIJ"UCE9CWg)OW(J)
CrEJg)@ra<9L(QJ.IDwrucOWcu@em(QwC(Q)g)WJ~<9-EPLQ)U~.Ll9CCfP<9~f'&U~J1o C(Q)g)f'&u~)ra
oemcouMCfPL(QJ.IDfWCM CWJg)LW~(QJ.IDWCOWQ)CCfPLmQ.lf2)~(Q)cru<90~raLcal(Q)<9
8g)lZJCaDg)c0CfPLQf)EJg)crul'CWJg)LW 2IDLQ)C<9-EPQJMWCO\WoM 'EDlCfPg)'o~ra
CaDC(Q)5r:t<9<9-EP[JUCow2IDL(QJ.IDQ)(Q) ~(Q)li7u0wruCow0~raLcal(Q)<98g)lZJ2IDLcal
~<9Q.lf2) CfPLQ)CCfP>:W0CM-CfPLout0cM-(Q)l>:WCQf)-MCr2)CrEJLrD (!!X)
·0~5r:t<9Wi~raL(Q)@[email protected])2IDLcalW9<9CemCfP~<9-EP
L(J)CaDg)LWLrD0WrDMg) S<9~@CQ)~ o~roLcal(Q)<9li7u CaDg)LQ)CCfPLffiQ.I.ID~(Q)cru<9
o~raLcal(Q)<9li7uCaDg)L8LMffirDg)LW9tem~r:t<9m..urwLemClZJ~ra(QJ.ID~5r:t<9QJli7u
o~ftL(QJ.ID 5W5<9~@CfPRi'B'l.,Q)ru'0~racsft<9aDL0Q.I.ID2IDLQ)r:tg)(J)CrEJg)@l(Q)0u
o~@cQ)c(Q)<9li7u aD<Q.w'cog)f'&l.,s0~raLcal(Q)<98g)lZJ CWg)OW(J)crEJg)@ crumQ.lf2)
QJrv~ra'wffill.,°'QJMCJUCru1<9ra<9LemL8LM~rDg)LW9taD0~raLcal(Q)<9li7uC0g)(J)0Q.I.ID
ra<9LaDL(Q)LlZJMW9Q)2)o~raLcal(Q)<9li7u COg)raMW-Jcrv>:WrD<9<9<IX)
!O~@cQ)c(Q)<9li7u aD(QwC(Q)g)WJ
~<9-EP~5(Q.lQ.l9<9Q)L(Q)L2.l.l9rug)CWg)LffilQJCrwg)CWg)~b0ZJCfP0Q)(QJ.IDQ.I.ID'clZJg)(J)0Q.I.ID
ra<9LaDL8L0ZJCfP~ft ~5(Q.lQ.l9<9Q)L(Q)00~sLf'&L0aDLWLaDCWtftL(QJ.ID5WCRi'B'l.,Q)ru
~~raLcal(Q)<9li7u'cffilg)QJCrwg)CWg)~b0ZJCfP0Q)(QJ.IDQ.I.IDCrDD1Q.I.ID0'(raC5r:t<9em
L°Q.I.ID2IDLQ)rug)~w®UCWg)ow(J)CrEJg)@ClZJg)(J)0Q.I.ID'cWg)C0QJaDrv<9Cemg)ra<9
LffilQJcrwg)CaDg)ra<9LWR)Ul.,lmJCfP>:Wl.,ruWM0~raLcal(Q)<9IDu(X)
·0~5ft<9Wi~raL(Q)@ o~@cQ)c(Q)<9IDu aD(QwC(Q)g)WJ
lEill9CruC(Q)g)WJ~<9-EPLQ)L2.l.l9C<9-EP<9LEill9CrDOaDCOUM CfPL(QJ.IDfWCM0~raLcalW<9®U
CWJg)LW2IDLW~ og)r:tWCCfPg)0~roLcal(Q)<9IDusr:t<9<9-EP[JUCO\W2IDLOil.,ee:>~WL5~<Q.w
WCO\W0M 2IDLcal~<9QJ.f2)CfPLQf)EJg)Cru1'ED1CfPg)CWJg)LW2IDL~lZJ<9~rD(J)
WCOW0M CWJg)LW2IDLaulZJ<9g.tJ.9rD(J)ED1CfPg), C0g)WruCOW Q)Cee:>
LffiQ.I.ID~Q)C<ID<9IDuOO@Crag)Lem(Q)O\WlZJ5@§u<9LQ)C<9-EPQJMcrag)c(QJ.IDW9wlaDLW
crag)C(QJ.IDaDCOUMQJc<9-EPQJM'CaDg)LWfWCfPQJC<9-EPQJM oo~sLf'&lJ"ruQJLW 2IDlft
~ee:>ru OC-Ll9 ra<9L5~<Qw >:Wl.,WfWCfP(L§u<99S6L)ra<9-9S6L'ol@cQ)c(Q)<9IDu
s::0 0
em<QwCemg)LOUCrDQ)C2)>:Wl.,CJUC~CaDg)LO::>ee:>lM<9CW-Jg)ffilLMru1W-J<9L(QJ.ID

m7{f{)B1ciJJ«J6TTJo1.-/2)~erBoJ06'mTO)~oJ6lJ6fTU.)6GBuncBO)~<£h"1~lamruro~<Tn
ru.,\ce<ml<£hun,m>mcBO)::)(5ml<W/2)1~13~~cmo6)6TT)1Ih lQJ~0@6)~1Ih lQJ~0 6)oJocm~
~m>ru<£hm a3T06rO.
oJ}{f{)B1ciJJ(()6TTJo2.-"6)oJocm~~(Y\)ru<£herB" n.ij)<TnruOcfM)n.ij)rul6)S6)<W06)cBO)
~oJ~<w0(J)1~13~ ~6TlS0 am6)cm06)cBO),a3T0«rerumJLl<W~/2)o<wl 6l1Jm.D6)?;:j3amru
<£hOUZl6GB~lerB~/2)am n{j)6)ml)06)cBO)ml<W/2)oJro/2)o<wm.,\lmcm<£hun~6TTSO<WOQJ~o,
6)oJocm~ ~m>ru<£herBn{j)<TnamrumJLl<wlg..I&~ <WL.Oomano~S/2)0ru<£hOUZlo
amrum6)cBO)~Oo ~~cmo<wl /2)m'W1QJo~cBO)6TTScm06rO.
~mJ3u
<l3l()\pl/2)a»lmlaroowmmlwlZllnJ<£hOroo
63g~snJosl<'0"3 ~uB6)~3 cB>6gcB>~em~
6lffi6)§1Zl~em lnJaa»~cB> acB>cru
6
cB>§owl
alnJacruldb~~cil:lemrullS~1t66'J6cB>W6
0
acB>osemllnJaem~cB>l2lo<D>1 CRll~nJlwlt66'J
6
cB>w606)AJwa»6'nq)(Tl)0<'0"3lnJa»1~'D
CRll~cB>uB 63ro61Zl1~ am>m6lSnJl-2/0<'0"3l2leml
w0cB>6(Tl)emoGTT>.
[MohananNair P.N.v.StateofKerala2017
(2)KLD401]
~O'O) ~em CRll~omlWl2lam»16)Q.J
rucB>6?d489C,489B,nq)(Tl)lrulnJcB>oroo
cB>§§amo~ 6)6)cB>ruCRloru-2/a»lm63al
6
ru~
<6<ID16)W CRl1~1t66'J6m6)l2l93:>1arnCID0
cB>oemcrulamo~ am>L.Oruo6Tll0ffb'amo§
ru~O~IZl(6)6m(Tl) am>olaru(6)sam>m)
ru06lffi
6
cB>awanJlarnt66'J6dbawocrulldball
t66'J6dbawa 6)6)cB>ruCRl0rucIDt66'J6cB>awa
6)6)cB>l2lago6).a.JCB/6cB>C3wowL.Oaroan.o6)l2l
(Tl)a»6C3nJa6)8J~nJawa(f)1t66'J6cB>awa
6).a.J<RJ6C3<llJOuBam>cmcB>nJsom6cB>al6moms
am»1wema6)6m(Tl)<l3l()01C3rua cB>§§
ama3a 6)6m(Tl)am>01aruaam>wauBt66'J6
6llSowlal6 (Tl)emaC3Waam6lffi6)mrulCRlJcrul
t66'Jaememt66'JcB>Oal6m6lffi~66llSawlal6(Tl)
emaC3waC3lnJOcrulcB>~~cil:lem6)a»~lwlat66'J
6llSemOGTT>.al2larn?d06l\ml)am>nJalOWl2lm
8<ru..Clleml(
6
6)samlSoruam»larnru~om
amo§6)6)cB>ruCRll2l
6
6llSowlal
6
(Tl)66)ru(Tl)63g
t66'Jaal6mam»oarnl2lala»063alauB6)t66'Ja»1
alowlalZlarn~o6l\ml) rucB>6~6cB>uB lnJcB>O
al1Zl
6
§§cB>6goaalonJ6momlQ.Jmlarnt66'J
6
(Tl)
em~.
[8ukumaran@Kunhu Kunhuv.81Police
Ambalavel&am.2016(4)KHC660]
emJallemamamJcil:l6mam»lmlswla8.10
lnJOL.Ol2l1dbamamJn'l16mam»lmlswla8.lo
6l1Jm(6)~3 anJo8.l"lmJ'63onn"lcruro,oo'
63al
6
acB>(6)6)UDcru6J1.iluBcB>6go6)ru~lruo
db6(Tl)nJ~o amallglnJilllZlrulrual
ola~oro§ al~l~ro 6).a.JCB/oru6(Tl)a»0GTT>.
(lcB>1l2l1marnmSnJslmlwlZlorucB>6?d
156(3))
[PoReghuthamanv.StateofKerala&Ors.
2016(2)KLD359]

LW9rug)~UlLmWQI)8g)rul oQ)(QlQ)@QJClZlL~,0'U~ gID'RiUru<9,\illgIDW~stcg> gIDLill)t9
OQ)cg>ru~<9€PgncQ)t9 gIDL'€B~<9QW L~,0'U~ cg>,wg)rul00~<IDLW9rug)~UlL(QlQ)QI)8g)rul
CQ.wJ ~<IDL(Q).Q)SUl ~@C(ll9g)creLootUlL(Q).Q)QI)8g)[email protected]\"(Q)~cg>8tcg>
c~(J1u oo~SL<IDL<9€PClZl<IDe"ru gIDLft~cg>ruru@ oc-~ ICl<9Lft~cg>ru oc-£(z)
·too~scru W;C(QlQ)SUl(ll9Q)crvLrulZlg)wlclZlQJclZlLm,0'U~ cg>,(Q)lDrul
gn8f19,w~cg>8~cg> oo~SL<IDL<9€PClZl<IDe'\"ru gIDLft~cg>ruru@ OC-lra<9Lft~cg>ru oc-£
o~racill)lQ)L<IDL8.a9SQWill)<9W\Q.U(J1u°~raL(QlQ)lZl<IDLUl~Q)CW<98g)lZl00~raL(QlQ)\"ICl
rtl9crulgncFtg)@0~IClL(QlQ)lZl<IDLUl LSruSUlgIDUlLlZlLcg>l(z~<9 17L6l)1Cl<9£L6~
(~) -'gncg>~(\1)cg>g) (ll)~ruclfurv<9 UJ9Q)crvLru~Lmrru~ cg>\"wg)rul'v
'~L<IDcg>~rucW9@ (Q)'(f)C<IDg)oo~UlCS
Ft<9<9€PLlZl<IDLUlL<IDCQ.w(e6pnrlopeds)L~,0'U~ cg>'(Q)g)rulO~<9€PL<IDe"ru ~Q)E9
(QlQ)C~QWC(Q)g)<IDCQ.w'CWg)ill)~Q)L<IDCQ.wC<IDg)L~,0'U~,\illW;RiUM<9n~RY>LMQW
C<IDg)L~,0'U~,\illW;RiUM<9gID(ll9RiU~m.>QW'c<IDg)L~,0'U~,\illW;RiUM<9 ~Q)t9
gIDLOi~cg>~UlL(QlQ)lZl<IDLUl LSrusUlgIDUlLlZlLcg>l(zQD<9-17L6~) 1Cl<9-£L6~ (z)
C<IDg)cg>~<9€PlftLQ)ru1g)
w;ctmru<9CUlg)Ctmrv<908lcg> C<IDg)cg>l(QlQ)SUlUlruCIClg)CGrut(f),\DLWill) ~tmru<9
08lcg>OlIClL'€B(Q)<9Ef}u00~Slf&L8CruL(Q)rul gIDL<ID(O)0CTW91\9(q)
W<9cstcg>~olru8lcg>
lWIDuill)~rucsFt<9<9€PLAi'EPLQI)gIDLOi~cg>lUlLS~CQ.w (l,@(0)
-:~<IDC (Q)QW'YJ9ClZllWill)ltmiv<9(ll9Q)
cruLrugn8f19'W~cg>8lcg> oolSL(QlQ)lSC<9€P<9Oi<9CWQJruQW0l(Q)ill)lruC<9€PLlZl<IDLUl
LW9rug)C<9€Pg)WJcg>l(\JJcg>g)OStcg>lQ)t9CUlg)L(\JJcg>g)0Q)(Q).Q)QWcrag)[email protected])
8g)rulC(QlQ)g)QI)8g)rulOQ)(QlQ)QWICl<9Crug)f'UL8CruLwrulgIDL(QlQ)UlruC~Lru 'Q)<9
clZlL~,0'U~ ill)<9(Q)ol<IDW1QW CW9g)~lZl'QI)ru<'fuID wl(J1uS<9traL(QlQ)Ulruc~Lru
ra<9L8(\JJ(f)cg>L(f)C\"8g)(l,t9'cQDg)lZl<9<&U9ru(f)UlCcmJ)O(\JJCQDg)lZl<9<&U9ru(f)illlcg>g)
(l)-'oQ)CC9'LmQ.W €rnl(l)L(Q)c.wl~UZl(mL(l) Q)<9CIZlL~rru~ C9'Ywg)rul'£
OW~(Q)LW S(9feJC~LewJTUew C9nWIDrul
II0emcrrrne.lf»

W~6)E;nsffb lam,@<mlm~ ~OJ6TlSl ~c£blm (f)OJ6TI86)12l0fOJJ><B@/2}o<oolw13~~
lnJc£bOCOoarro<ml6)e.Jocoocro,arro<m<m~ (T)o(f)<ml~nJ06)8.], ~c£bm)OJl.a.Joco6n)6).a.J~<.9}
6TlS<m06ffi.
(3)63CO~ ~c£bCWl6)e.J OJl.a.JOC06n)ms<m~6><£ho6TlSlcol6>cB6larrm6><m,
OJc£b~ij 3-amlnJ<mlnJOB1.~<j13~~ c£b!gc£b~<mJ>0 c£b~S06><m lnJ~<mJ><£h @ilM@ill
ce65,1973-6>e.J(1974-6>oB2)lc£bl1211mammSnJslmlwl2larrmlrmc£b"lwle.J~~ l2l~g
6><mffble.J~0<£h~gc£b~<m~0,<£h!gcB6l0COmOW<m'q)crocB6l~ ~l2lam .a.J~l2larrm6>'7;:j30am,
arro<m~0OJl.a.JOC06n)6>.a.J<.9}OOJ~<m<m06ffi.
(4)1973-6>8.](1974-6>e.J2)lc£bl/2}lmammSnJslmlwl2lcmmlamn{j)CTID~
<m6><marroS6ID31W1CO!<m08.]~063CO~ lnJ~<m J>c£b@ilM@illce65,lnJO~WO(f)1c£b12l0c£b0
OJ~<mls~arrmo§o, 6>6>BmoBlmoslCTU.Oomarrmlamc£b~gc£b~<mJ>o OJl.a.JOC06l1)6).a.J<.9}0
OJ~<m<mo6ffi.
5.lnJ<:a»~cfb @ilru)~lCD>.l6>S arrow1c£bO(l)6m~.l0 mSnJs1lc£bQlClJ.l0.-(1)
lnJ<ml<m6>oB12l.l<mlamOJl.a.JOC06TT)cn)ce65am>w"lmmoOJ06><m<m6><m lnJ~<mJ>c£h
mMmlce65 c£h!gc£b~<mJ>cmmlrm~l2lam mSnJsln{j)S~cB6l0OJ~<m<m~0 lnJ<ml6>WOJl.a.JO
C06l1)6>.a.J<.9}~ ~ffiJocro, OJ00oB
v
~c£h(T\)~c£b§lam /2}mlm)~lsg!12l0<B OJl.a.JOC06l1)
6>.a.J<.9}~<m<mlm!~OJ6TlSl am>m!OJ<Bcmm1cB6l~<m 1973-6>e.J(1974-6>oB2)lc£h112l1
mammSnJslmlw/2}cmmlamml<B~t3(R)1.2J13~~ mSnJsllt6>Ql6ID3uOnJoe.Jl~cB6l
6TlS<m~I2l°6ffi.
(2)63CO~ c£h~g<£h~<m.,\OJ!12l0Wl lnJ<m.,\cfu9:::j/2}O~WO nJ~COOcfu9:::jl2l0~WO
6Tlf<TUl/2}~~~<mO, am><ml6>m'7;:jglCOnD(T).,\12l0Wlam>olOJ~~~<mo <m'q)W63COO
§lammlm)' 6><m@l6>OJs~cB6l6l1)6>I2l<m ~~t3(R)J>~cmm06>S, am>WO@!6>Sam>ol
n..Ilam6>'7d3c£h~g<£h~<m.,\OJ!/2}owl6Tlf<TUl6>'7d3n{j)~°(T)°nD.a.JCO.,\6ID3@~0,t6>~go
6).a.J<.9}0rm~lnJC06l1) meJt6>1w<m'q)~~o, t6>~go 6>.a.J<.9}0rmlnJwom nJffb~OJnDl.2J
<m'q)~§o, 6TlfCTW6>'7d3Q)~g6><mOCO! OJ.,\<B@lc£h~§w!o (T\)06TlfCTW1~ nJ~<B~OJ~o
(T)<mJ>OJ!/2}OW6>OJ@l6>'7;:js!arrmammscmm6l1)6>I2l<mOJJ>OJCTU.O~WOS ~t6>lsl<m'q)
OJ"\<B@l00 Ql0'7d~ 6>c£bOS~cB6l0OJ~<m<m.l0 am>arrmcoo12l0'7;:j.l6>c£hOS!<ooam
lnJOJ~cmml 1973-6>8.]((1974-6)e.J2)lc£h112l1mammSnJslmlw/2}o308-00OJ<£h!
'7;:j16>e.J(1)-~0 (5)-~0 ~nJOJt6>.l'7;:jl6)e.J ~~t3(R).,\cmmlmowl, mSnJslmlw/2)
cmml6>e.J307-00OJc£h~'7dlm~ c£h"lwlam12l0ijm8Jt6>lw<mowl c£hco~<m~<m<m!l2lo6ffi.

W9Q)cruLruL~£lU~ ceo(Q)g)rul~Q)E9 0\(Q)~ceo8~ce> O~IOLee3(Q)<9IDu %~SL<IDL(99lClZJ
tQ}9lu 2Q)lft~ceoruru@ oc-~ lO<9lft~ce>ru OC-£ (ill~sFt<9(99llfUCQ)g)<Q.w QJJ(Q)<9
(Q)~ru<9 gDceoru(u)g)~(Q)cru<9~Q)E92Q)C<QJ.IDW9Q)Cce>(illlZJ<9mJ~Q)Lru0~wLruQ)<QJ.ID@
O~IOLee3(Q)<9IDu %~slf&LQf)WlZJCQ)ru gm-((Bv)0ffiU9f\9gu<9lft~ceoruru@ oC-llO<9lft
~ceoru<Q.w0~WLruQ)<QJ.ID@ce>\(Q)g)rul0~IOLee3(Q)<9IDu00~slf&LQf)WlZJCQ)ru2Q)lft
~ce>ruru@ oc-~ ~<9lft~ce>ru (Bvl~ IO<9LS~CfuE» wmc(U)\Qf)ruQ.lf})(m1O<9-996~)
ro<9-996~ (~)-·OQ)Ctg)LffiQ.lfl)~f<9EP.tID<ll9Q)crulJU (Q)J:U~ocu> '9
'~c(Q)(ill ~ruC(99lL(J)C<IDg)rul
o~E§E.lfl.9\ru<QJ.IDWce>0~E§E.lfl.9Q)cceoLmQ.lf}) d~CBu(ill~OOlL(J)C<IDg)rulL~£lU~C~L~
~Q)E9gmLml"ceo(,(WgDillL<TUWCE9OC-BE ro<9-VV6~) ~WL(U)gDWL<TUWCE9 L(Q)(J)E!2)g)lZJ
<IDLillgmillLlZJLceolro<9-vv6~ 'gncrwg)~ffi)ru<9 W9Q)cruLru08~ceo ~Q)E9 (ill~rucsFt<9
OOlLRitEPLQf)gmL6il"ce>~illLS~CfuE» wCi§'~L~£lU~ ceo(Q)g)rul?Q)E9(9)
'~C(Q)(ill~ru
COOlLmlfU2Q)lZJg)~OOlgnC<IDQ.lf})0~<IDRitEPLQf) ~(Q)IDu(ill~OO>L(U)CQf)~WQ.lf})OlZJ<IDLill
~L(Q)Q.lf})sp>sFt<900lLmLruill<9E.lfl.9Q.lf})CW9g)CWL<QJ.ID8~ceo~(Q)IDu0~(99lgncQ)C(Q)<9IDu
f'&LmlfUL<IDCillQ)C00l8~ceo gnC<IDQ.lf})'~L~£lU~ ce>(Q)g)rul~Q)E9(9)
'~ClZJ~(Q)WJ~sFt<9(Q)~Q)ceo L<IDC8s1g)£WL~lZJ ~Q)E9
L~~~ ce>\(Q)g)rulL<IDCillL<QJ.ID\Qf)F)g)@S<9~E§ce>cmJ.)ru\ ru0Q)<QJ.IDCi§0~(Q)(ill ~ ce>ClZJce>
mCru9 ~gnE.lfl.9lZJceolLSruSill %~<IDceo<9crugD~lZJL~£lU~ ceo(Q)g)rul~Q)E9'IO<9Crug)
L(Q)(J)o(U)~(Q)(Q)Q.lf}) 'gnceocmJ.)ruu IO<9LE§ceo~Ft~ceoru 0@-9LvO@-9lEIO<9L<QJ.ID
lZJ<IDLillLSruSill2Q)WLlZJLce>l(l1O<9-vL6~) ro<9-£L6~ (Q)<9CS(Q)oscceog)~~(Q)
lillClZJC(U)S<9~E§ceoonDru\ru %~SLSFt<9gn@ gm-(E)Et~ce>ruru@ (v)
'~ClZJ
?(Q)(ill~sFt<9(Q)~Q)ce> O~<IDCoSt\ce>L(U)crulg) ~Lffi9ru gnCfuE» (ill~<QJ.IDSill ~(U)ceog)
ceo<9crug..u~lZJ L~£lU~ ceo(Q)g)rulO~<IDC<IDL(Q)SCceog) ,(Wg..uw>(u)<9L(Q)SCceog)S<9~<ID
L~£lU~ ceo\(Q)g)rulL<IDCillL<QJ.ID\Qf)8g)@S<9~E§ce>O\U)ru\ ru<Q.lQ.l9oFtgmlZJg)0~(Q)(ill
~ruCOOlL(J)C<IDg)rul ~gnceoLsrusw %~<IDce><9crug..u~lZJ ~(99lL~£lU~ ceo(Q)g)rul
oE§C<QJ.IDg)S L<QJ.IDC~Ci§gnceo~S00lg)<QJ.ID~Q)Cru<9~L(Q)Q.lf})L<IDClZJ~S~<Q.wwCi§
'gnceocmJ.)ruuIO<9L<QJ.ID(l1O<9-vL6~) lZJ<IDLWLSrusw2Q)WLlZJLceol1O<9-£L6~
'ceo<9L6iC(Q)<9~~SL(QlQ)~SCceo<9 CIOg)-(l)CIOg)-(~) Et~ceoruru@ (E)

6).!1Jqy~emlsamn. @'!l~c£b'sl6)e.J 5-00ruc£b~?i:j16)e.J [email protected]£b~e;dl~e.JO,
1973-6)e.J(1974-6)e.J2)lc£blmlmammSn.Jslmlwmo260-00 ruc£b~e;dl~e.JO n(j)rrm~
<ID6)em.«ml.S6lJf31w!<o~emoe.J~0, c£b~grul.!1Jo<OGTD 63<O~OUoc£b9dloJ<ID<o"lemlwlam
In.J~<ID~c£b SilruJSillmS~roTID6rn<ID~o, ~mlwmroTIDl6)eJ.262l2l~emam 265ru6)<O
W~~ (<06rn~O ~u86)?d6)s) ruc£b~?d~c£b~l6)QJ ru~ru<TUDc£bUO ~c£boru~emls
~roTIDO~o, «mlroTID<Oon..fl.!1Jo<OGTDwlamIn.J~wo(J)l c66)oru~emem~l2l0GrO.
omem~ru<olc£ble.J~0,@'!lruc£b~?;f1m~ c£b"l!91eJ~~ OUoc£b9dloJ<IDrul.!1Jo<OGTD
wlam n{j3<ID~ c£b~go .!1J~mroTID6)<;il3 ~c£boule.J~o 63<O~ In.J~<ID~c£b ~ruJ~l, 63<O~
rumn!l::lroTIDle.Jwlc£bl2l1~ProTID c£b0QJw~rulam <IDsru~ UOlc£b9::lrulWlc66)~ema5lmlw
mn.J<Omoc£b~em<ID0GrO.
n(j)em~l2l0l<IDl2l~,@'!lruc£b~?;f1m ~c£b"I!91am,ouoc£b9::l1oJemn..fl.!1JO<OGTDmJc66)1
Scri5~c66)O ~<oo@roTID1~e.Jo, 63<O~ rumn!l::lroTID1«R1c£blS~<IDe.J~~ UOlc£b9::lrulwl
c66)oru~m> ~c£bOU06)GTDem~o «ml6)~lfblam @a5lm~g6)<IDlfbleJ~o c£bO<OGTDroTIDOam
OUoc£b9dloJ<IDl2l0WlnIl!lJOmGTD6)!lJqy~em@' «mlm@leJn!l::lGTD"lwl2l(6)GTDem~0
In.J~<ID ~c£bSilruJ~1t6()) ~emoemlw oam,6T1J<TW6)<;il3c£bc£b9::l1c£b6)~ ~c£b3~UOn!l::lo
«mleml~("Q)e.l&~ @roTIDmru~ ~m6lJ6)<;ils~arrm~c£bw~o «ml<IDlm~~uon!l::lo rulmJ<ID
ml~ n{j36)<IDlfbleJ~o OUOc£b9dlc£bUOnDO~moc£boaB ~ruuo~6)<;ilS~c£bW~o, l2l~1
mJ~lSmmom ruoocrf~c£bou~c£b~l6)eJ rul.!1Jo<OGTDmJc66)owl«mlm~rumroTIDl
c66)~em @~<IDmlwmroTIDlam mlm~l3uol<;illc66)6)<;il313~~ mSn.Jslc£buoIn.Jc£bomo,
~c£bmJ ~c£bUOc66)~c£b~WO ru"l6rn60~c£bu8c66)~c£b~WO 6).!1J~qy6rnem~l2loGrO.
(2)1973-6)e.Jlc£blmlmammSn.Jslmlwl2larrID1~e.Jo (1974-6)crg2)@'!l
~c£b'sl~e.JO nIlm~Cillmowl n(j)rrm~em6)em «mls6lJf31wlm~cmoeJ~0, 63<O~moou
cmmlamc£bn.11WOcmm <IDsru~ UOlc£b9::l~WO m6rnowlmoml n.Jwlamc£blS(6)emW~~
~!9~WO In.J~em ~c£b~ruJ ~1UOlc£b9::lrulwl~oam @'DUOlc£b9::lcri5c66)~ n.J~0~m
~'!lmlwl2lcmml6)e.J452-00ruc£b~<;illm~ c£b"l!91amn{j36)<IDlfble.J~0@cmmmru~ 6)6rn
lfble.J~o @6)~lfble.J~o @'D ruc£b~?;f1m~ c£b"l!91eJ~~ ouoc£b9::l1oJemrul.!1JomGTD
wl«R1UOlc£b9::l1c66)6)<;il363m
6
ru~<OOl)lt6()) «ml<IDlaB~m«RI «ml<;il"l«RIm«RIc£boaB
OUOCill~m~ocmm<IDoGrO. omemoam 12l~mn.J06rolIDn.JmlwlwleJ~ 0c£blS~(0)gjOWl
om6)rrmlfb1gj~0UO1c£b9::lln.J~<ID.,\c£b~curmlrulwlc66)~c£bW06)GTDlfb1am
«ml<IDlaB~m«RI «ml<;il"le.JlmOUOCill.,\<IDw~6rnowlmlc66)~em(0)0GrO.

'ffi(Q)(JJJ~Eill9 ~(Q)E9~L(Q)(JJJ@Uoraou
L(Q)rul(JJJ~aDLOiC6' ~C<9B'LaDffl92JLW ~CC6'<9 °W9ru ~Lcalffi<9QW oraouL(Q)rul
C6'L(Q1Q)rillcew
~cru (JJJ@U"oraouL(Q)rul"
-"oraouL(Q)rul"(1JU9)
·ffi(Q)(JJJ~C6'CaDLffiCQ)ruQW~L(Q1Q)8 ~C6'00~slf'£'L<JUro2JLW ~lft'> ~C6'ruGJa§
°~raLcal0<9~C6'CW<JU2JCwe>LQI)~L(Q1Q)8~C6'CWrnl.l9rugncaDQW ~LeffiW9<9CaDC6'
~Eill9CruoraOUL(Q)rulgncaD(Q1Q)C~IOL(Q1Q)(J)C \"E)g)@W<.9Eill9QW~CC6'<.9 ~FU-LF~\Q)<W
L8(Q)<9~2JJ.9<.9~0(J)C\"E)g)@ O~(JJJ@U o~oo~SCoo<.9L(Q1Q)SW gnEill9\"Q)CC6'2JJ.9ru"g)
~002JruQW°~(JJJ2JJ.9<9~aDlJOC~g)~LUJ(Q)'~cC6'<9~FU-L!w.l9ruQ)<9ru00W0
,"~C(Q)(JJJ~ruC(Q)~Q)C6' ~(JJJ@U ~C6'ruewg) ~(Q)cru<9" (@U)-:oW9OJCfJ't,EJQ/)Lrv
'QJ9C0\,,(Q)~C6'8~C6' (JJJ~ru
C<9B'L2J1Owe>LQI)O~aDOilJU o~ruS(Q) aDC0~(Q)(JJJ ~ruCC6'<Q.w Q)<9ru(ORiU2JruL)
O~aD(Q)<9CaDO~cg> gID(ORiU2Jru£)~(JJJ~ooLQ)cg>l.rew OC6'l.f1iUC(Q)g)LQ)cruOO~aD
cg><9LOiE9oW(Q)rug)aDC0Q)rv(ZJ«DLUJL2JJ.9rug)~WL(Q)(JJJ~tmfU<.9CaDg)C6'~00LQ)L(Q)
C<9B'lft'>LSC6'rulCaDg)cg>~ootfi\SC6'rvl oruC2J~WQW ~CaDg)L(Q)G))ru O~raLcal(Q)<9IDu
gIDL(Q1Q)W9<JUFU2JLW)(Q)~C6' S<.9~aDLfQC~g) cg>L(J)C)E)g)GJE9'CWg)L(Q)(JJJ~00LQ)L(Q)
COO~SCee'<9 ~(Q)$,IDfU<9 oWruCWID ~L(Q)G))ru O~IOLcal(Q)<9IDu 'CaDg)ee'~<9B'L0Q1)l
~COO ~SCee'<.9~(Q)$,IDfU<.9CaDg)cg>~00~SOcg><.9~(Q)$,IDfU<90UJru(u)g)°~IOLcal(Q)<9IDu
CaD[)C6'~ooLQ)L(Q)CooL<JUfG2JLW CaD[)ee'~ooL<JUro2JLUJ 0)(Q)~cg>ee'L(J)C)E)[)GJE9
~Q)E9CaD[)L2JJ.9ru[)~WL(Q1Q)cg>l,R)UC(Q)[)LQ)CruCra[)CaDW9Q)ru1[),CaD[)L2JJ.9ru[)
~ooL(Q)G))ru 0~raLcal(Q)<98[){lJ 'CaD[)L2JJ.9ru[)~<9€PLW(Q) 'ofIOLcalffi<9a§ofIOCS~<9
aDLoQWgIDLQ)ru[)~(Q)IDu '~'tPruew[) ~(Q)cru<9 ofIOLcal(Q)<.9IDYcrumQWofQ)(Qw
CaD[)lO<.9L(Q1Q)UJruConJJQ)C'tPLffiQW'tPLQI)E)[)crulcrumQW ~RiUOg)ft2JC'tP[)
'CaD[)IO<9LaDLWrill'tP2JC<9€P2JewO~IOLC6J(Q)<9IDu oofslf'£'LQI)2J{lJCQ)ru~LaD(Lew)
°ffi.il9rt910<.9tit~'tPru° C-(;CrumQWC2Jew0aDLUJWCO\U)°ewCaD[)2D<9
L2D(lJ<9102JCrvCaD[)2D<9L2D0<9Q.U9ru(J)UJConJJ°ewCaD[)2D<9LW->0<9Q.U9ru(J)
EJ.)1cg>g)aD(QwC(Q)[)(JJJfruC(Q)~Q)C6'f(JJJW9<.9<Q.wUJ<9Eill9QW'cUJ[)'tPruew[)
~(Q)cru<9 ~Q)E9-'~(ll)~(991Lo>91lCW0rtHJ'Ut(Q)rul~ ~CO>(Q)(9CPbQ.lf»0UJ(Q)ru[)
«DClZlo>rulZl«DLW£OL(Q1Q)(ll9<J'UfUg>LW9LU>C)E)[)(l,E9gl>9ruCW[) ~(Q)cru(9 'L
ofE9ee~LeJ) OfE9f.Hl9ufee
IIIOcmcrcme.w

(aul)"mlCD>l2lom~au~(O) (gOJ(O)mo"mlCD>l2lom6au~(O) (gOJ(O)mon{j)em<ID'
63al
6
6ln.JO(O)6(gauOJ<£hcDmlCD>l2ln.Jall2loCD>l~OJUO.,\6lc;d50OJ6em In.J(O)ln..Oe.Jo
n{j)emam<8an.oarrmlam63(0)66m36em(0)~.n{j)em0amamCD>0cro(gauOJl<006em
au<8<OOO(galOauone.J5m(gCD>0amCD>ocro~ amm6OJB1~36~ n{j)~o In.J(O)ln..O
e.JOJ
6
o
@(O)lam ~cro6lc;d560.
(ruJ1)"<£hOal.,\o6l.a.J~~ em(O)lm~ (gOJ6nS1<I2J~~ n.JOall(g(O)0dl11<£h(g12l0
(gln.Jal6m(g<I2JO"63alOcro(O)ml~ 6l.a.J~orm n.J051~parrm(g(O)o, ~(gC3uol<ooo
arrm(g(0)06l.a.JcnJ(O)131~oarrm(g(0)0~<I2J <£hOal.,\°6l.a.J~ ~em(O)lm~(gOJ6nS1(gln.Jal
6m<I2J0(ge.J0n.J0all(g(0)0dI11<£hI2l0(g<I2J0ln.J(0)1n..Oe.J°6l6l<£hc;dmem<ID'@'Dln.J(g<I2J0
(f)arrmlam~cro6lc;d5~em(0)06ffi.
(@)aum<oooallam(O)ml<OO6~ auJo(Jj~ml2lo6ffi ~ OJ.,\c8@l~ 63al~
<ru..oomo(gm516l<oo05
6
arrm6l(O)m) 63al66ln.JO(O)6(gauOJ<£hrm63al6OJ.,\c8@16l<I2J
6l(o)~P<I2J al'(O)l<I2JlamOJluoJaulc;dl<OO6em15arrID,~(gauOJmarrmlmn.J6ml2lO(g<I2JO
l2l(gg6l(o)ffi:,le.J
6
o In.J(O)ln..Oe.Jon.JOall(g(O)0dl11<£hl2l0(g<I2J0mam<£hormam6m36lm ~
OJ.,\c8@l6l<I2JIn.J(ge.J0cslc;dl<00
6
em<ID'@'DOJ<£h
6
c;dlm
6
<£h'\plam6ln.JO(O)6(gffi..)OJ
<£hrm6l.a.JcnJ(O)136~ <£h6g1210<£h~ em6·
LnJ@lcoJ6)<66)((j)lcoowlWL.Oomcm.n
Clllm1am6)6)c£b<66)lell6)6)c£b?dg1W@owl
c£b
6
gocgcoonJ6Tno~6YlSowlcol<66)6 c£bW
6
o
®Q((j)lm®Q(06)~ nJl!lJOC06Tn6)!lJcoJcmlml
<66)6c£bW
6
o
6)!lJcW((j)136~ m>o(J)((j)lc£b~lam
6)6)c£bd36)l~J1 ruo6GB
6
CTn@lmLU1l12l1-2l66)ru
CTn@lm®Qwou06)<66)cmlcoowlc£bJgcru..oO
nJmomSClllmQmQc£bl~.
[StateofMadhyapradeshv.RenjithSingh
1961MPC778)
®Qwll2l((j)l63C0
6
nJcoln91c£b~((j) m>l2ll
nD6)Clllmm>°6nJmJJl-2l15(gClllmQ~0.
c£b1l0mm>mcgnJ(6)eJ12l0COc£bI2lQWoJlnJ
ClllmQ6TTi'.@@CO0n91LS6)ClllmW
6
0m>l2llnD
6)ClllmW6°nJ06flll(j)01wl<66)0m0c£b0c£bClllm
B6coom6GB~1(geJmYcOO'mwl<66)6CTn6'
@((j)16)~ 6)6)ruOm>6c£buOng)~.6)ng).
rulcWeOO'((j)6eJ1ll2lo6TTi'.@@ ~mowlnJcm1l
Clllmlmrulco
6
lWo ng)CTn
6
12l0L@12l~
®Q((j)16)~ I2lleJ1l6GBu06)<66)OC066)ru~6nJl
~lwo6TTi'. @@m>OffiJClllmlc£bcru..ol((j)l6)W
(J)6co6cmcol2lQwl6nJowlc96)
6
c£bw
6
o
m>QomJ
<66)ocolc£bI2lnDll2l@~O((j)O<66)6c£bW6o
6)!lJ~6CTn6' ®Qwll2l@ltIDq)coO!5Clllmlam
((j)6)ffi)@~OcWl2l 6)!lJcW((j)l6)~ll'h lam®Q@
m>ol2llnDlc£bm>offiJClllmlc£bCOOn91LS'W
m>onJlwom6)Clllm<frrl1wcgCOQ(J)o(gnJ06)eJ
c£bomCTn6cmlCTn
6
ffi)cmo6TTi'.
[RamnathPrasadSinghv.StateofBihar
2011(1)JCR477)

63<0~ Cl.l61~jlttb cru«><}daf6)6)cfucOOleJl
a3Y0ruUO.,)6)'tds~cfu(gW0 6)6)cfucOOleJl
c:WcOO0wlar0@.,)«>cm.alcOO6)'td5~cfu(gW0
6).aJW(o)OeJ~O ~m».,)rrB UOlcfu9:10mlw(2)
<mml6)eJ161-00rucfu~'td~lnJcfuO<OO <If(O@
cfu~gcfu~(0).,)00wl(O)4<o~ffi)(o)06TD.
[MubarakAliv.StateAIRi958MPi57]
63<O~"Cl.l6YJdlttbcru«><}daf'mlw0loJ
dbO<Oo<GI0.aJ~0(o)eJdbu8 ml«><}dn.DlcOOorrB
db!91mJoru~ffi)1s(g(lffij)O§o <If(Owou8nJ~lttb
cru«><}d~owl(O)6)ffi) (0)~5<0~ffi)(O)o6TD.
[AjudhiyaPrasadAIR1928A11752]
loJ(O)l6)6)dbcOOleJlcruJ (g(2)WWO
cruJ'db<ol-?zl~ 6)ruffi)~~(O) 6cruo6illm.Dl(g-?zlo
<If(O6)~ffi:>1a536)6)dbcOOle.IIma53db&ffi)(0)6
cruo6illm.Dl(g~o ~~ 6)(O)§lru~db§~6)S
<If(O@O(lJ(lffij)lmi1<If(Owo§lmi1mlffi)~o Cl.l6mo
db6)6TlSS~<mm~n{j)ffi)63gcOO0<06m<mm0a53
00l(O)o.aJ0«>~~ 6)(O)§lwlcOOomodb1~.
[Surajmal.v.State1980Mad.LJ(Cr.)]
6)6)cfucOOleJl(o)~db (0)46)<0ml'[;1do<o
0(6)6mffi:>1a53(gloJocruldb")lo9:1rrB<If(Om~0(O)l
m«mcfuorrB~arro)<oruoI31(o)J6)'td3 <If(Owldbo
<O(gdbUB<mmlmldb101ma53(gloJocruldb")l
n9::Imojdb<00(lJdb~'td~<meJ<If(O(8m Jn9::16m
rul.aJo<06mm5<mmlwoa530(O)l(8wO n{j)ffi)
<£ho<o.,)o(O)'<O~(2)omlcOOo(lJ~ ffi)(O)06TD.
[HanmantappaMurtyappaVijapur v.Stateof
Maharashtra(1)RCR(Cr.)]
dblO~(2)oolCQJ cruocfu9:11(O)6)~6)(O)§l
rula53(8loJocrulcfu")ln9::16)ag63<0
6
@O(J)6)<mm
00l(O)o<If(Om~cfuleJl.gJ 6)(O)§lo.':ima53db~ffi)~
6)(lJffi:>la53<If(OWO§66)S6)(O)§lo.':i(8dbos(0)1
tfuu8ru§6)<OlUOCW(gW06)512l0l(O)(812loJ<ol
(J)6mmwl6)eJs~cOOO(lJl·
[GaddamMutyalaRao v.StateofAP2006
(2)ALD(Cr.)972]
a.m1(D)Qlom!<yu~<mQl~06)(mClCD>O, <r.ml!9112l<m1CD>OCl8.JO6>oJO<m!ClCTUC1Jcfb6>m
<YUJow"lm1c96'>!<m<m1mOCD>1loJ<m1nD8.Jo6)6>cfb?iHn<ma».-nij36)@ffi:>18..l!o
6)nJO(O)!G:cruru
t&
6)m,@Ocwoun Clcfhlm(J)ru611B6)0crB' G:8..IO,ffi.)om.lO0en
(f)ru6ffi>6)0<1'G:QJ0nJ0«>GJ6)12)(1'6)QJG:cwo,cruocru.oommlcwQ)cru@@OL.Oruo
2-00rucfh!'7d'6)QJ 6lJ6fYU.)0(crul)cwlam nJrooQ)<B(fl)1~3&~ nill6)(O)ffi:,18J&0
cruro
<flt))oroc£bffilmlcwl6)QJ(gcwo(gcfhOro'7d(g0n9:Km<r.mll£lOJO
lnJ0(gBem1<&@oWl
(£hO(OmlDonJmmTIDl6)QJ(gcwo 6)nJO(o)~ G:cruruc£bm(6)6TDffi:>lam,nm(O)~ G:nJrolam
<moolcw6)'7d308..l~0, mlCQ)Q)om~cru~(o)I2J~06)(O) °CQ)O<r.mlIPll2J(O)lcwlQJl6)S(]COJOnJoall
G:(O)on9:::11t&(]l2Jo,(]lnJal6YD(]CWO6bJQJ~ mTID'lnJ(]QJorsl?d'!~ nill6)m5)ffi:>lQJJ063rnG:B~o
(f)lc£bc£b~(o).,)o 6)~~~OJo(]mo <moanlammlC'i"Dru13~ mlG1<flt))~ruo(gmo <momTIDalo
6)nJ0(0)~G:cruOJc£b6)~ 63rn(]B~0(J')lc£b.aJ~Q)(0)8.Jmlro<)drill1cB6l~(]m.JOunnill61(0)
ffi:>lQJ~o (lJ~c£XID1G:cwos <mom~@ruo cfho6YD1<flt))~ cm®lG:mo c£bo6YDlcOOo(O)l(OlcOO~
c'ffi(O)l(]mon{j)6)m5)ffi:>lQJ~0(]crurumo 6)~cril(O)~ 6lc£bOS~ cOO~cm®l(gmo 6)c£bOS~

c66)0emlro1c66)~<Tneml<&m0,n(j36)emffh18J~°OJJ>c6®1co>lammlrm63ro0ememmlc66)~
<&OJ6llS1<&CO>0QJ<&$?6)ema:n18.1~°OJJ>c6®1c66)~<&OJ6llS1<&CO>0n(j3em~em<0<mID18J~~
om6)ffij)ffh18J~°loJem1n..OeJ°mJllcfu<01c66)~cfu<&CO>0,<&m S~cfu<&CO>0,mJl~cfurolc66)~
OJocm mJl2:tZlemlc66)~ c£b<&CO>O <&ms~OJoem l(J?)12l1c66)~ cfu<&CO>O 6).n.J~~<Tn®'(3
OJffidl1o)<mIDlam cfu~oCO>06)emco>~ 01(7OJffidl1o)OJ6)<O arrQ)cfuOOJ~ <TnemsOJ~o.
oJlS9en)<Btl)~°6nJO(lli~mlOm0c66)~<Tnem06T"l1.
~mJ§u
63ffi!nJ61"~Pc£b rrumQdogl6Jm rruJOW~ efr.,!gefr.,~aJJ~o ®OCQJOuO6J!lJcWaJJ1§!@§aJJomfl
mlcB6l!0.naJJlmoCQJl
63ffi!rruJefr.,Offi~ OJ~.&Ml)l efr.,ffi!aJJ6J';';jS!(ffiaJJ0 610.
6J6)efr.,cf16)le.JlOJ06ID3!efr.,CQJ06J6mffulaffi@'D
[SantyGeorge v.StateofKerala &anr.
mlCQJl2l«ffij)l6Je.JOJefr.,!?d8lnJefr.,Offil2l2,@§ 2016(2) KLD29]
9.6)nJ:><ID&<&m>OJcfbffi&QloCDJlOJ.\cB<l»lnJ<OQl:>CDJCTUJOW"lffio6).!lJ8J&<tffi»&<m
<IDlmlnJ<IDln!le.Jo6)6)dhe&J~H<ma».- n(j36)<IDffh18JJo6)oJoem&<&mJOJcfu6)m,
<moCO>:>em <&cfuLeEenOJ6T'r"B6)QJem1<&CO>:>,ffiJ0ffi.l.O0menOJ6T'r"B6)121em1<&CDJ0oJ0ffi8.1
o 0
6)QJrrgl6)8.1<&CO>affiJ0mlOammlCO>I2lffiJ@<mo1.OOJa2-80OJcfu~e&J16)8.16l.J6ffil.)0
(ffiJl)co>lamoJ<t>0121ffi(J?)1~13
J,~ n{j36)<mffh18.1J,0ffiJffic66)0fficfuffiJmlCDJl6)8.1<&CO>0
<&cfu0ffi?d<&0dl1em<mo1.OOJ0loJ0<&B(J?)1cfu<mow1cfu0<0mlO0nJm<mID16)8.1<&CO>8
6)nJ
oem~<&ffiJOJcfu
m06)6ma:nlamn(j3em~<&oJ<olam<moo1CDJ6)?d388JJ,°OJJ>c6®loJ<t>
QJOCO>ffiJJow"lmomS?d18Joc66)&<Tnemlmoco>l oJo<ol<&emodl11efr.,<&QJO<&loJ<06m<&CQ)O
6).oJ8J&<mIDllnJ<&8Jo@1?dl~ n{j36)emffh18J~°63'D<&BJ>0enlcfucfu~emJ>0 6).n.J~~OJo<&mo
<moemlammlrmOJ13
J,mlamc66)~OJo<&mo <mo<mID<oo6)nJoem~ <&ffiJOJcfu6)og63'D<&B~O
enlcfu.n.J~QJem8Jmlffi<:1ln.Olc66)~<&ffiJaemn(j36)emffh18J~°OJJ>c6®l<&CQ)os<mom~@OOJo
cfuo6mlc66)J,<Tneml<&mo cfuo6mlc66)oeml<olc66)~ <Tneml<&man{j)6)ffij)ffh18J~o<&ffiJOJmo
6).n.Jen)emJ,6)cfuOS~ c66)~<Tn<ml<&mo6)cfuOSJc66)oeml<olc66)~ <Tneml<&mon(j36)emffh18J~0
OJ~c6®lCQ)lammlrm 63<0oememmlc66)J,<&OJ6llS1<&co>oQJ<&$?6)ema:n18J~0 OJ~c6®l<66)J,
<&OJ6llS1<&CQ)an(j3em~em<O<mID18J~~ n{j)6)ffij)ffh18JJ0loJemln..08JoffiJll cfu<olc66)Jcfu
<&CO>o, <&ms~cfu<&CQ)o, ffiJl~cfu<olc66)~ OJoem ffiJl2:tZleml<66)~cfu<&CO>o, <&ms~OJoeml(J?)QJ1
c66)~cfu<&CQ)8 6).n.J~~<Tn@2(3OJffidl1o)<mIDlamcfu&OCQ)86)emCQ)J0
2
(7OJffidl1o)
OJ6)rom"l6llSJ
mle)'c66)8OJJ<Tncfu08JCQ)~OJ18JJ~ emsOJ~ (J?)lcfuS1wc66)~
0
oJl\9en)c66)~°6nJ8(lli~mlOm8<66)~<Tnem8m).
'. 20146)e.J((J~<£hS 1rudh
6?d58l(udhOCOo"6l2locruo""5ruron<l1o"nmm'Jl2logoruco6=1m>1§6Gn3·
20146le.J~<£hS 1rudh6?d58lnJdhOCOo"6l2locruo""5ruron!l:lo"nmm'Jl2logoruco6=1m>1§6Gn3·

10.8,9<lI<£b!~!<£b~lam oJalO€2l<8CR>l~13!~ 6>oJOCID!(gcrJ<lI<£b6>nB<XloJal
6m.e6)6garrmlm6~ CR>1dh!I::l:-63(Q&6)oJo<m6amJrudMmCGlQ)wl(Qld3f,)&emn{j36)<mQ
alO~no, «3)(}wound3f,)&aru6Tl518,9<lI<£b&?d6c£b§lamnJ(Q0€2lro<JOl~cJ136~ c£b6go
6)!:l..lcQ)<m1366)6Tl5ffblamc£b&gamnlm&alnJC06m6)!:l..le.J&amnlw13&6)6Tl5ffblamc£b&go
6)!:l..lcQ)(0)cd)alnJ(Q6mW66)SnOe.IlL}0W0eJ&°gQ6)~ffb1~&°("l.J~\9cQ)ce6)6TIJo(ill~
cru.omOc£b
6
em<m&0,5rurorillamnlam«3)(}w1c£bfLloc£boru
6
em<m&06fLlomJamnlam
c£b&O(06)<mW6fLl6~ <msrulm<JOlc6rl::lld3f,)6)?ds6em<m
6
fLlO6T"D.
11.63CO&6)nJo<m&amJruc£bmow136§..§CGlQ)un,CGrQ)COOWO~60, <mmlce6)
amC(6)amn«3)(}olWOfLlowlco
6
ema<mo,«3)(}olworu&em(]<momS(Qlll)lw1
3
&§..§a(O)o
«3)(}WounmsamnocmanJoc£blema<moCGlQ)Wn{j36)<mffbleJ
6
o
gQsnJos6c£b§6fLloawo
mSnJslc£b§&fLloawo6TIJm.DfLl&§..§a<mO,6TIJm.D6)~socm anJOc£b&ema<mo6TIJmD"
fLl&6Tl50wlco&ema<moCGlQ)Wn{j36)<mocoo§&°«3)(}6)~ffblam<m6)~ 63'DaB~o(J)lc£b
!:l..l&fLl<m~c£b§6fLlowl n.(j36)<mffb1~60 <mcoamnl~6§..§ 6TIJm.D0&~a@G cmomc£b~\96
aB~o(J)cru.o mown.(j36)<mffble.J
6
o
6)nJo<m
6
(]mJruc£bm
6
fLlOCilJi6TIJm.DfLl6~(]cmo
<mmleOO'<moeJnJal~fLl!§..§6)<maemo 6TIJm.DfLl6~6)<maemo «3)(}olwo<ll6ema<mo
CGlQ)WCGlQ)§lammlem lnJ<mlnO~o c£blS06)<m(]WOlnJ<mlnO~o «3)(}nJco~oo.'1<m
6)fLlem fLl
mC'pdl~Cld3f,)16)d3f,)0(]6Tl5ClruleJnJlsl?d6§..§n.(j36)(0)ffb1eJ6°rumJ<m6
<mmld3f,)6aru6Tl51awClfLlag6)<mffble.J&oru~d1®ld3f,)! (]ru6Tl51awClcru.olcofLlow1
mJJ~ce:,cold3f,)!ce:,awo,ams6ce:,awomJJ~c£bcold3f,)6 ruommJ0ll<mld3f,)6c£bawo
(]mSoml<JOfLlld3f,)6ce:,awo6)!:l..lcQ)<moam6fLlomJamn1amc£b6owoamn<m605
rurorill°ru6)cow0c£b°ru!em<m6fLlClW<mSru&°nJl\9w6°<JO1cM:1eJiS1d3f,)Clm6TIJCl(ill~
cru.omClc£b6em<mCl6T"D.
12.7«3)(}6>~lB>lam 11<lI<£b!?d6<£b§lammlro<.1l!:l..ll~36~· alnJal6TT).e6)!g
am»lm!~ CR>ldh!1::l.-7-00ruc£b!iIcmo6)~ffb1am 11-Cloruc£b!~lm6 c£b~\91am
<JOlc6rl::lld3f,)6)?dSClru!emc£b!g°6)!lJ~ClmCGlQ)al(]lnJ(Q1?dl~ CleJ6~>CGlQ) c6:>6g°
6>.!lJcQ)<mcd)alnJal6mW
6 6>SnDe.Jt2l0aWClcmo~Cl6)<mawo ~WO~6°(7rurorillo)
ru6)(Qm~3Clru&em(3rurorillo)amn1amc£b&OW061(o)W6~ <msrulm6°nJl\9m)d3f,)60
rulwld3f,)oru6em<mo6T"D.
13.63al!6>oJO<l»!aCTU<lI<£b6>ng<£b!g,e,alt2l0<ID6>nJal6€2logBlo9:j~o.- (1)
63C0
6
6lnJO<m
6
amJruc£bfmc£b
6
gc£b(()t2l0W6lnJ(Q!t2lClgBlrill~omsamn6c£b6)Wemoam.

crumQID)
~~UJJ ~SOJg) C(li)g)L2.IJSfUg)~<.9G'L:.IDB'fru O~IOL(83(Q)(98g)\7J C(o)g)L2.U9rug)~<.9G'LW(Q)
C<IDg)S(9lraUU::JL(Q)0LmQID)c<IDg)(Q)(9cffil(J(Q)~(U)~WC0<IDLW crug)~(Q)S:Wru ~~ftLslfU
raLru°~raLcal(QjJ(9(f}uC0g)flOl'EP~w<Qw<IDCWml.m.l90 CUXU9f
UC!)
-'gnC<IDQll2)£l2lC(ll)(f}u(Lcru)
CrumQll2)£l2lC(Q)~rv<9c<IDg)'Of?~~L8ru~WQID)WJCItt>f
u
<9 ~(Q)QJJ2)W<9LE9CQ)
C8<90C<IDg)'EP~ffi)fU<9 0CDC<IDg)LWLru<P~8C<IDg)C0<2lruCWl1ID.9ruC<IDg)(Q)<9Cr¥30m.D(U)
f(Q)(U)°~<ID'EP~(Ql.Q)~Q)ru°8c0£l2lL(Q1Q)ffiLruW0 L<IDCWL(Ql.Q)CDC<IDg)r(J@W;<9(Q)
~(Q)s:wru0~raLcal(Q)<9HJu<IDCQ.wC(Q)g)5ft<9<.9G'lfUr:arag)L<IDra(Q)0~fU'crag)L(Ql.Q)W9
(QjJI<IDLWW;<9W£l2lL<ID10LW(ll)(f}uWJ'EPru(U)g)~(Q)Cru<9~Q)E.9(L(U))
CrumQll2) ~£l2lC(Q)£OJfU<9C<IDg)'EP~<.9G'L0QJ)IWJC5Wg)'c<IDg)'EP~<.9G'
L(Q)cmJ(U)WJcrul<.9G'LQ)'EPl.f(u)'C<IDg)'EP~SWg)'C<IDg)'EPl<.9G'LQ)'EPl.f(u)LemC0Q)Lmu>
C<IDg)L2.U9rug)~<.9G'L<.Q)fpfru0~10Lcal(Q)<98g)0C<IDg)L2.U9ru[)~<.9G'LW(Q)~(Q)s:wru°~raLcal
(Q)<9HJu~~R)lS lfUralJDC2.U9g)C<.9G'<9L<.9G'CraLM.JW0y.u(()<9(Q),CDCfQ)ruQll2)ora(JU
L(Q)ru1 Cemg)(Q)<9CSl'EPora(JUL(Q)ru1 C(ll)g)LW£l2lLE9CQ.w<IDCQ.wC(Q)[)(ll)lruCemL°QID)
C(ll)g)(Q)<9~l0m.D11l9 C(ll)g)(Q)<9~l0fQ)rur:ac(Q) ~Lw(Q) 'c(Q)g)~~0()LorU9 L<IDC0
lW'EPru(u)g)~(Q)cru<9 O~raLcal(Q)<9HJu emcwmu>CDcf8g) ~ml.'EPWJc(Q)c(Q)g)~~w
mDl1l9~~ra L(Ql.Q)Q)(Q)0~raLcal(Q)<9HJuLemC0~E9'e'10(Q)0~fU 'EPLCDCf8g)GJE.9W;<9(Q)
C(ll)g)LW£l2lLE9CQ)C(Q)<9HJuemCQ.wC(Q)g)(ll)~Q)LemC2.U9l0m.DfU9'c(Q)g)(ll)l'EPCru[)
WJcsft<9mDl1l9 'C(Q)g)~~0mDl1l9 C<IDg)C0l§'EPLSruSWC<IDVC0l§'EPlSCruS®
°~raLcal(Q)<9Ef'uemCQ.wC(Q)V(ll)l'e'(jrug)WJC(Ql.Q)SW'C(Q)g)~ ~5LemL(Ql.Q)SWC(Q)g)(ll)
lrucemL0QID)C(Q)g)(ll)lQ)LemC0C<IDL0QID)(Ql.Q)<9Q)Wg)~Lw(Q) (LI1l9)
crumQID)
£l2l
C(Q)~fU<9Cemg)'EPl<9-€PL0QI)1WJCrulSOJg)Cemg)'EP~<.9G'L(Q){JW(U)WJCrul<.9G'
LQ)'EPl.f(U)'CemV'EPlswg) 'C<IDg)'EP~<.9G'LQ)'EPl.f(u) Lemc0Q)Lmu>olOouL(Q)rulolraLcal
mD<9(f}u~lem'EP<9LmE.9°W(Q)rug)<IDC0(Q)~(U)~OJC0emLw O<IDg)(Q)<9CffiQll2)C<IDg)C0
'EPLRiUC(Q)g)LQ)cru10<9crug)l(Q)fi;"LQI)W0CQ)ru £l2ltf6l'EPru·OC-Lcemg)L2.U9rug)l<99'
L<.Q)fpfru°llOLcal(Q)<98g)0C<IDg)L2.U9rug)l<.9G'LW(Q)gnC<IDQll2)((f}u)

o~emL(Q)6'<)ru emLswg)o<)ratcw~wCQ.w s(9tra
[L6c8H>l(v)L~OC(eSB8U!!Bi\
B
l8NS) LscruSG:§o~~fDgJ(UJ ~~ru o~em(JJj(9
"SJO'l?SVIUBJpUBLPBUBULjOV\l"}j"i\ejBlS] (Q)~LCffiem(9C~U:V<)Qf)ru<Qw L(Q)LOTW8W0
"9J9C(Q)al9(9{Pg)LemL§(Q)(9L((D60Q)m CQ)ruQill)5PL(Q.lQ)<)(Q)~ceo8~ceo ~Q)E9emC0
ruC(Q)~(Q)S,Wru LemC(Q)(JJj~Q)LemCal9~0m.ofU9 UUgJCRl"EPLQf)oQ)ccwrul(!!!)(P)(~ )£~ ft~cwru
E§8l~raL(Q.lQ)Q)(Q)0~raLCffi(Q)(9~~LlVZJ(Q)ra(9L(Q.lQ)0emLWWm CQ)g)LWL(Q)0LOiQillJ
ftSCWID
°YJ9C(Q)
(JJJ~rucSft<9<.9€PL~LQf) O~WL(Q)(JJJ ~<.9€P~S~ cfilfUo~WLruS(Q) aDClZ'J~(Q)~~aD(Q)<9
CaDO~CEP ~L<.Q.lQ) (OR;UQ>ruV)O~(Q)(JJJ~ruCSl.W Q)<9ru(ORiUQ>rum)O~WCEPru(U)~
~(Q)cru<9 ~Q)c(Q)<9IDu (JJJ~<.Q.lQ)SW O"R;Ul8 8ClZ'J~Q)ru<9 aDClZ'JQ)CEP8~CEP (C;)
°YJ9C(Q)W9<.9€P~LaD L0Qill)f7LQ)(U)~WQill)
CE§~CEP ~ruQ)<.Q.lQ)(§CE§~E.lU9srv'cE§~CEPOTWru"ru10<9L<.Q.lQ)lZ'JaDLW°~IOLCffi(Q)<9IDu
~~IOLruIOLW aDClZ'JCEPmCrtl9~CEPru(U)[) ~(Q)cru<9 ~Q)~ 'sp>F~lQ)CEPl.r(U) oWClZ'J~Q)ru
oQ)<.Q.lQ)Qill)0~(JJJ~CEPClZ'JOWQ>(JJJ(J}u0WClZ'J~Q)ruf'&LQ)CEPl.r(U)Y-DLW ~LPit(Q) C(U)I:D
aDClZ'J(Q)~(u)~WClZ'JaDLW O~IOLCffi(Q)<9IDu ~C(JJJ(J}u ,ffu(Q)C(U)I[)(JJJ~SFt(9aDLOQill)
WJ<9L<.Q.lQ)WClZ'JtQ)ru"LaDCWL<.Q.lQ)"Qf)EJ[)(§WJ<9LfttCEPruc:u~-'OW!JOJCfPfs,E)QJ)trv
'~LCffiru<9t(JJJ tQ)
l!5"ru<9°Qf)ruCEP<9<9CPit[)(Q)C(U)I[) aDClZ'Jm.Drtl9°(U)W9ruCru[)~(Q),\WruomlID
aDClZ'J~(Q)<.Q.lQ)CCEPCWC<.9€PLftLmCrtl9[)~<99'W9CEPLaDClZ'JQ)CEPL(Q),CD~(Q)°~(Q)<.Q.lQ)C~lZ'J
CEPL(Q)cru~WCQw ~LPfu(Q)C(u)I[) WClZ'JtQ)ru(JJJtsFt<9aDLOQill)S<9tE§CaDQill) ~aD
lZ'J(U)°~IOL'EB(Q)<9IDu~Lru ~aDracCEPCEPLCDC'l8~C:U E9WJ<9(Q)C(Q)[)(JJJ~<99'LQ)l!5"ru<9
OQf)ruCEP<9<9CaD[)L(Q)6'''rutQ)c8<9lZ'JLW9ru[)~<99'LW(Q) CW:DC(Q)(~)
crumQill)'sp>(JJJ~SW[) ClZ'J[)wmc(U)o~raL'EB(QJJ<9(J}u oo~FtLslfUlOLru
ClZ'J[)'llOlCEPtwCQwaDClZ'Jm.Drtl90 MW9ru (Q)(9C~aDS<9C<.Q.lQ)~ '1Q)ru@c(Q)t(Q)cru<9
lp)crill[)~<99'LQ)L<.Q.lQ)weOTW(JJJ(J}uQ.UCEPru(U)[)~(Q)cru<9~Q)~(!II)
crumQill)'c(Q)[)(JJJtSW[)cru~~(Q),\Wru ~~ft
LSlfUlOLru O~IOL'EB(Q)<9IDu ClZ'J[)'llOlCEP~WCQw aDClZ'Jm.Drtl90(U)W9ruCaD~LW9ru:D
~<99'L(Q)6'''ru°~IOL'EB(Q)<98~lZ'J CaD~LW9ru~ ~<99'LW(Q) ~C<99'<9L<.Q.lQ) ~SFt<9CDCaD~
ru~Q)~8 0WCOTW ~<9(Q) (JJJ(J}uQ.UCEPru(U)~ ~(Q)cru<9 ~Q)~(I!)

[VasantraoGuhe v.StateofMP2017(2)
KLD547]
<morro<m~cfu 6)6)cfucfuOal~o 6).oJcW<ml
316)~em;>,0<m;>,cfuw1(]\C2lam<mmlrB6l
mJl?;:j<06)6)OJmJ()lamWlcfuOalol2l0l<ID(]12l
@6T'TSOwlal;>,on;>,~l6)OJ em;>'l2l
6
~
cfuOal6Tn6UBunnJ()6llml);>,6)cfuosr-@"lnJ<IDlce6)
@'DmlWl2lLnJcfuOalI2l6~ 6TlJo(ill~<mw1am
mlon;>,oalc£h9::l6)?;:jsomocful~. [OJcfu;>,e;;J
13(1)(C) (d)]
[Vijayakumarv.State2016(2)KLTSN23]
@amllal<66lS~OmJ6cfuun I2ll~~m1<o~wo
mSamlllw63.n{j)o.~<O n9:1"ig
6
cfuuncfu06mO
CO'>ow<m;>'l2lowl6TlJmJJ6)~~ 6)nJo<ID;>,~m
(]mJOJcfuro63al;>,LnJ(]<m~cfu oJIrso(J)o@(]B
~O(J)oro<mDlcfuunce6) (]~o~l ~rsl<66l6em<IDl
(]~eW<66lowllU012l1-2/66)OJemo6'l1J
cfu;>,gO(]alOnJ6Tno.@amllalomJo(J)<mlcfu
~lam 6)nJo<ID;>,~m (]mJOJcfual;>'6)Sam-2/s<66l
~one.Jmamll1~l6)S (]~o~l cfualcru..ol2l0
<66l1wOJ~ce<ID1cfu6)~W~o lnJ<ml(].oJ<oarrm
OJl.oJ0al6Tnm5(]amll6T'TS<m06l"O.(OJcfu~e;;J
13(2)
[ManojAbraham IPSv.P.P.Chandra
SekharanNair
&am.2017(2)KLD318]
(]cfuos<m1cfuunamw1121<m1m1(]alowm
m1wl2llnJcfuOall2l~~ 63al~ (]lnJomJ1cfu~l
n9:1mmSnJsl6)w ~One.JOJ(]amllOS~cfulSl
mJl2l"ln1l<66lomnJosl~. 6)<ID~lOJ~cfu~~o
mJOnD.oJalJ,6UB~~o @un6)~s~on OJmJ'<ID~
<IDdhun l2l~(]6l.Jm nJalo<IDlw1amnJ()6llml)l
3~~ ~(]alOnJ6Tno 6)CO'>~lw1<66l6)~s~em
<m1m~~ amS1m.lOom6UB~~6)6T'TScm (]cfuOS
<ID1eWrB6l(]6TlJ0(ill~6)?;:j(]56T'TS<ID06'l1J.
@amllalo(]cfumJ~cfu~lam lnJ(]<m~cfu (]cfuOS
<m1cfu~~6)S mSnJs1cfuunWOlmn1cful2l0cfuOm
nJos1~. [OJcfu~e;;J 13(1)(e),13(2), 19(3)]
[Hashim.K.v.StateofKerala2016 (4)KHC
624]
14.8,9, 12n(j)em"lrudb~~~dbu8cB6)~ db"lwlm8CTUlllCOQlOCDll db},gdb~(ll).\o
6b.!<9l&emaD.-63coou8ffil.01COl2lOCW16).!1J~},ffi)CIDOCW,-
63al~nJ6YJd1ce,"mJ<0<:1lor<ID6)erR
63'D(]B~O(J)lcfu cfuo~oOJwlwlam mJJ(]l2l
WWO(]~O l2l(]g6)<IDlB:>l~;>,o OJ~ce<IDll2l~(]6l.J
m(]WOCO'(6)erROJal;>'l2lomamlllamcfuOJl6llml)
nJ6Tn(]12l0rumJ'CO'>;>'OJcfucfu(]~O 6)6)cfuruuoo
OJ.2l1al;>,em<mowl6)CO'>@lwl<66l;>,em<mlam
(]lnJ0mJ1cfu~ln9:1rronJalO~W 6)?;:jS~em
mJo(J)<ID1cfu~lam am<m
6
mJo6TlJmJJ1.gJOJ1uo
B"Icfual6m°mamcfu6on<ID1ennJ6YJdlce,"
mJ<O<:1lerR1m6TlJo(ill~<IDw1~. (OJcfu6e;;J13
(1)(e),13(2)
(n{j)8(ffi()6)~lB:>la589rudb},<;ldlm},db"lwla58uolc£hS1lc66)6)~soru;>'ffi) cfr.>},go
(6TlJl)12-00rudb},<;ldlm},cfr.>"lwla58uolc£hS1lcB6)@7;jsoru},ffi)cfr.>;>,go.
n{j)ffi)lrucriJeOO'n.Jlw@cwos},c66)om6TlJo<w~ffil.OmOdb},ffi)CID;>'0(5rumo9:1o)cmmla58
cfr.>;>'OCWO@(IDCW;>'o(10ruroo9:1o)ill@COm"l§oru;>'ffi)CID;>,12l0CWCIDSru;>,uolc£hS1e.J(sl
c66)°ill;>,ffi)(ID;>'12106'rO.

15.cfb~gcfb~cm~ lUDQlCiffil)lm~~ UDlcfb9::l.-13-00rudD~7dl6>8..I ~nJrudD~?d
(1)6>crg6l.J6lTU)0(m>1)COJ1<28..106l.J6lTU)0(Ml)COJ1<28..10nJa>OQlroU01.~2j13~~ dD~gO
~<O 6>!lJ<B/0nBlUOQll~08..l~0 (2ruron9:1rormlarndD~OCOJ06>emCOJ~O 5ruron9:1o
ru6>a>m"l30ru~ cmem~QloCOJ) emsru~ uol~ 8..I@1c66l~ cmemo6T'l1.
16.nJl!9mlumJa»lcS6>A<mcmlmdD6mcS6>16>8..IS1CcS6>6TBcfboa>~6mu6.- 13-00
rudDAQdl6>crg~nJrudD~?d 2-<2mO14-00rudD~~<2mO dD"llJ>larnnJllJ>UOldD9:l
!lJ~Qlrorm!cmlS(OTO), <2dDosemlnJllJ>em~dD mlUIDJcaJ1c66l!<2mJouBdD!go6>!lJ<DJem
COJouBdD!go6>!lJ<DJem~6>dD06l"'@<2mslCOJrumJem!nJ)6>crgQll8..l.!J0dD6mc66l16>8..I
S!<2cB6Hirrsem06ID.13-00rudD~~6>8..I @nJrudD!?d(1)-6>crg6l.J6lTU)0(@)arn
nJa>OQlrouol~3~~ dD~gO 6>!lJ<DJem13~~ls(OTO), dD~go 6>!lJ<DJemru.!JcB<IDleOO'
em~nJemldDa>l2loCOJl dD6mc66l!<26TlJOIW.'J6>QdS~rormonB dDlJ>lCOJorormemoCOJrumJem~
nJ)6>crg<2COJ0nJ6mm>o6TlJ<TWQlOCOJ<2lm>oemq;ldl6>crg<2COJOQll8..l.'J0dD6TT)c66l16>8..1
S!c66l6TT)o.

cmafllJJJ(D)oIV
caT0cQ"Q1macQ'wl~a~ (gcQ(ll)acQ~lcm(ggeIa~
arra(gmJd!l6TTlo
17.am<:mJ~611>«m»lm «mwlce,O(l)6)~s!«m»6)~3 QJ.\cB<mlce,u8.-1973-6>8..1
(1974-6>8..12)Lee,1l2l1mammSo..1s1m1wl2lamn1amn{j)om& (ID6>ffi)«ffi}s6ID31w1<o&
em08..l&0,!l.J&OJ6>So..106TUTID1<olc66l&emo..1BQJ1c&6)(ID06>\9w&~ 63CO& 6>o..108..l~m)'
630n.O~cruO&0,-
(n{j))(U)amnDlm)' 6>0..1~.\am6>0..1a8.J~cruffi.l!)00..1mamnl6>nB<fb0<0.\
arrm1am,63<0&6>o..108..l'm)'@CT8m)'6>o..1c£bSO&O;
(roll)l2l&o6>6>6l1J,<fbamc66l§,l2llBacru,«ffi}nDIZI2lB06l1JOBn{j)eml6ID36>m
CQ)!~ l2lnDom(J)colo..1ClBuo6ID3~lCl8..l0 1973-6>8..1(1974-6>8..12)l<fb1l2l1mamms
0..151m1wl2l08-00OJ<fb!7;:jl6>[email protected]<fb&il'(1)-m&<fb~\91am «ffi}amncoamn1am
OJ1~oo..1mo 6>!l.JW(ID1§&~ nij36>(ID!fu18..1&0l2lnDOm(J)COlo..1ClBUOClamno@~
63<O!amcru1Wc?nB
v
Clo..108..l'cru<fb1ZI2l~ril:16mO &0;
(cru1)l2lg&ffi.l!)8..I6ID3~lam 6>(u)o..1.\~§l 6>o..108..l~cru cru~lo..16TlSl6>nBClwo
6>o..108..l'm)'630n.O~cruO&6>SClWO (ID&e.J.\o..1BOJlw&~wo~&o;
n.O~~om)' l2l~lm)'ClLsgl6>aBClwo 6>f2lClLS06>o..1o~lgCT8 l2lS<llm)'Cllsgl
6>aBClWO,am(ID(ID&cruo(J)(ID1Clo..106>e.J,@amn<OOJ1~06>(ID @'D®0c£bs1m&<fb'\91
e.J~~ uo1c£h9Jlc66l6>7;:j5OOJ&emnij36>(ID!fu1e.J&0ee,&gamn1enamClmJril:16moms
arrmOClmoOJoo~l~06>(ID am6ID36>m «ffi}O~ 6>!l.J~OClmO nJos1~. n{j)ffi)&OJco1
<fb1e.J&0,cruoffi.l!)omcrucOc66l0ro@(ID1mow1 Lo..1Cl(ID,1<fbClf2l06>o..1O(ID&OJOWCl(IDO
®0W @amn<orule.J~6>s 6>o..1oe.J'm)'@CT8m)'6>nJc£bSroo..1BOJ1w1am<fb&owoamn
63<0&6>o..1oe.J'm)'63on.O~cru6>Oamwlee,o<06>7;:js&amnlwoam,«ffi}(ID(ID!cru0(J)(ID1
ClnJ06>e.J,n.Om)'tfhom)'l2l~lm)'ClLSol6>CT8ClwO 6>l2lClLS06>o..1o~loCT8 f2lS<llm)'ClLsol
oo~ 0 0 0 0
6>~ClWO @amn<orul~o6>(ID (ID6>ffi)amw.ou3~ «ffi}amncoo<fb&g<fb~(ID'\arrmlCl(l2)am
cru~~l2l0ClmJril:16TT)O msamnoOJ&ffi)(ID&oOJoo~l~o6>(ID «ml6m36>m«ml0wJ
6)!l.J~o()J& ffi)(ID&l2l06T"O.

ng)em},l2)Ol<mlZl~ 13-00ruc6:>J';tj161eJ~nJruc£b},~ (1)61eJ6lJ6ffiDo(~)cwlam
nJCDOlZlm(f()1.?zP3}'~ c6:>Jgc6:>~<m~o, 63CDJ61nJOeJ~mJ cruJlnJ6115161nBnJBrulcwlam
c6:>},ocwoarrm63CD},61nJOeJ~m:J 630nD'cruO},61S~arrmCDru},c6:>lS061<m (ffiOa:mJn9j6TT)o
msarrmom nJOS},~<m~.
18.6TlJOlfb},c£bOm),6>S6TlJ),cB6>),c£bu8nJmla:uoowmmsam»),cm<mlml~ <fmWl
c£bomo.-ruc£b},ij17-m}, c6:>'<glamanoa:mJn9j6marrmlm},mla:cwo(f)1cB6>61';tj3
63CD},61nJOeJ,m:J630nn"lcrum<fi6),ng)61miJffuleJ},0rulruCDoeJ@l-?zjoeJ},o~61~fful
eJ},0,63CD},c£blg c6:>~<m~omsem},61rucmcruDCfOcwlce6>om<mcfl€>c6:>OCD6TT)IZl},616115
ll3Jlam(ffiO<m},nJCD1(f)6TT)1~, <IDq)c6:>},gc£b~<m~arrm161nB(ffiOa:mJ,6marrm161nBa:cwooJl.!l...JO
ro6mcw},61S~CWO ~a:<3CfO~arrmlmocwl nill61<mll3JleJ},o6n.I0ll3J},c6:>orol61S6n.I},cfl€>},
c6:>uOnJro1a:CfOowmmsa:arrm6115em(ffiOmlruoro~(2)acwoam<IDq)crulZlCWolnJ06n.l
eJ~arrmleJ},~ mlcwlZlarrmlamng)miJl<m61em(ffiOs6ID3lcwlCDlemoeJ},o,c£b},gc£b~<m~o
61.!l...Jen)<m},ng)em},c6:>ro},<m61';tjs},em <IDq)~},615a:cwa(ffiOcwou8cfl€>},a:ru61151nJ6TT)o
6161c6:>ruCfO°crulcfh9:1l-?zj},ng)emlcru°(f()cwlcB6>61';tjS},<Tn<IDq)§},615a:cw0(ffiOcB6>'D
6115},c6:>~},IZlocwl(ffiOl<ma:arrmO~o6n.lmJ)IZl},~ 6n.I0ll3J},c£baCD},61S6n.I},<OO},c£bu8nJrol
a:CfOowl<oooru},<Tn<m},0,c£bOCD,,\lnJcru<£l«l)12l0CW~Wc£l6)),ol';tjlc£b§l 615cruOcfh9:1~61~
s},arrmlcwnJc£bm~lc6:>u8 nfj)s},cfl€>orulema:<monfj)s},cfl€>om~srurolarrmlc6:>a:cwo
61.!l...J~oru},em<m(6)1). ~'Druc6:>},';tjlm),c6:>'<glam61nJOeJ,m:J630nD'crum<fi6)<m61nB
(ffiOwlc6:>OCDorulmla:CWO(f)lcfl€>},em<mlmla:ru61151crunDocw6ID3u8mamc£bam6n.ImJ)
61~36n.I0ffh6n.Ioew~mJ..OI2l0c6:>),<Tn<ma6)1).
om<TnlruCD1c£b18J},0,nill61<morolru~<£l«l)lcw),615CW},°(ffiOcfl€>'D6115lc6:>~},IZlacwl
6n.ImJ)61';tj§~'DOJc£b),';tjlm},c£b'<gleJJ~ cmowlce,oroo,63CD),61nJoeJ,m:JcrullnJ
6115l61nBnJBrulcwla:eJa,<IDq)nJBrul<fi6)1Zl),c6:>~la:eJo ~~ 63CD),61nJoeJ,m:J630nD"I
crumlnJa:<m~c6:>owlc6:>oCDO 12l61gOCD},61nJoeJ"lm:J630nD"lcrum<fi6)mamc£blcw131~o(O'TID
nJ<fh91o,61nJo8J'm)'crullnJ61151!61nBnJBrul<fi6)<m061<gcw),~ 63ro),61nJoeJ"lm:J
63OnD")cruo},0,(ffiO<mllnJa:cw0(f)lcfl€>omnJosl~p arrm<m06)1).
ru7UDr3'1rfMV6mo;- ~'DOJc6:>},';tjlam"6n.I0ll3J},c6:>uO","6n.Iall3J},c6:>orol6156n.I},<fi6)"
nm<Tn16ID361mcw},~ lnJa:CWO(f)6ID3uOce6i'1891-61eJ61<m~lru}, mlcwlZlarrmlam
61c£bas},arrm13},~ (ffiOmallD6ID3uO~6nSacwlCD1<OO},<Tn<ma6)1).

cmarwJJ(D)ov
cQaQrul.!1JJca6IDlDrcOOa~ arramaQcmllD.Jao
QQanJeJrucQruJruffilllcQ~ao
19.dhAgnn.n..JOm6T'T)cWcB61I2lAn8dhl<8am>mAI2l<m1am>m1ruom.,\12l06rO.-(1)
63ffi},~dhos<ml<D>},o 7,10,11,13,15CID},S6m31<D>rudh},?i:!},dhuOc£16)},dh"lYllmB
UOlt9>9:11c£16)6)?i:!Soru},em,63ffi},6)nJ0 CID},~ffi)rudhm 6).n..J<IDCID},omem0~ffiOn1lt96)
6)?dS},emdh},gdh~CID.:\cmmlm 12l},n8dhl<8 am>m},I2lCID1<D>1~(6)CID [2013-6)e.J(2014
-6)e.J(1)]~e.JO<£bnJomB, ~e.JOdhOCQ)},cOO5> ~<£bSlmB I2lg},rulwcmmlmB mlcB~f3uol
~13},~6)CIDOYll6)dhnJ mSnJsloms},t96)OmnJosl~ocmmCIDo6rO.
(om)~dhlCB dhOffi.:\6m3~},l2loCQ)l 6TlJ(TU)6)?d3},~ ~2:l6oe.Jl<B6) ml<D>},
cOO5>mO<D>, ~dhlCB ffi)cBt96)offil~mo amlCIDl6)ngamlm},I2lCID1~CQ)06)S~CQ)O aml~(6)<m
amlrul6)smlm)'n1lffil~},nflsomdhYllCQ)ocmm~ (f)ru6'n'B6)I2l~l6)Q.I 63ffi},ru.:\cOO5>l
CQ)},6)Sdhoffi.:\cmml8J},o;
(611.fl)ffi)om.J..OomdhOffi.:\6m3~},l2loCQ)l6TlJ(TU)6)?d3},~ ~2:l60Q.ll<B6)
m1CQ)},ce<mmo<D>ffi)oCTUOOmffi)cBt96)offil~mo amlCIDl6)qamlm},I2lCID1~CQ)06)S~<D>O
aml~(6)CID amlrul6)smlm)'n1lffi1~},nflsom dhYll<D>ocmm~(f)ru6'n'B6)l2lngl6)Q.I
63ffi},ru.,\ce<m1CQ)},6)Sdhoffi.:\cmm1Q.1},o.
(ffi)1)nJ1ffi1~},nflsomamlwldhoffil2l},~ 63on..O"lffi)l6)e.Jn{B6)CID
fBJlQ.1},°63ffi},ru.:\cOO5>l<D>},6)5dhOffi.:\cmmle.J},o.
(2)~nJrudh},iI (1)-m},dh"lYllmB~ruUO.:\12l0CQ) l2l},mdhlcBamlm},12l
CID1,~dhlCBffi)cBt96)O~ffiO ffi)oCTUOOm ffi)cBc£16)O~ffiO l2l~g6)CIDfBJ lQ.1},oamlwldhOffil
~CQ)O, 6)dhOS},c£16)6T1)~12l(6)CQ)em dhOffi.:\cmm1mBn{B6)CIDfBJle.J},oCIDfficmmlQ.1},~
ffi)o(fOCQ)oomrrm},CID6)(ffidhOffi6'ffi06)dh06nSOCQ)Oe.J},°~(31t96)}, dhCQ)(6)6'ffifBJ1mB
amlcmmffioamlm},l2larl1,dh},gdh~arl.:\O 6).n..J<IDarl},6)rum)'~~ffionJlc£16)6)?i:!s},(ffi ffi)12l
CQ)arm)6)nJOarl},~ffi)rudh6)m 63'D~!3.\O(f)ldh~ffi)rumcmmlmBmlm)' n1lffil~},rul
som amlw1dhOffilnJoo1CID1CQ)},~ ~ ffi)cBc£16)O~ffiO amlwldhoffil~<D>o mmB~dh
6nSarl06rO.

.~C(Q)2..U9(9G>iD ~sra(9L(9G>(U9ee:>L(Q)scee:>iD(Q)~(Q)'\wru(U)(f)u
CaLl9iD~5L<mL<QJJ2)W<ID~ 'CaLl9iD~5L(QlQJ9Lm ee:>gDc<QJ..Q)g><ID~oruRi<tPiD<Q.w0lraLcalm(9
CFtiD(f)ugIDL<QJ..Q)5RhJ\"8<Q.w5(9~E§Eill90ee:>1 Lsru5W'gIDLcalaLl9(9~§L(Q)5,IDrv(9C<IDiDee:>
~<QJ..Q)~Q)ru5C@C<IDiDee:>~ruCaLl9~omRiUiDLWL(Q)~W L<IDC0radu5(9~<IDL(Q)0~WQ.lf))
oQ)<QJ..Q)Q.lf))C0iDruC2JQ.lf))'c8iD(Q)(9'craiD(9G>CruLm£9'c5iD(9G>iD0ee:>lgIDL(Q)Q.lf))'L<IDCW
L(Q)(U)~(9G>~S(f)u OWC0lQ)~(Q) lQ)£9@E§~raL6i~ee:> ~W-(E) Et~ee:>ruru~ (v)
.~C0~(Q)<QJ..Q)
C~LSCru gDC(9G>L(f)CCIDiDru~ 0~<IDL(Q)SCee:>iD ~Q)£9 oQ)cee:>LmQ.lf))cwmcQ/)iDLQ)ru
gW~ru ~Ft(9ffil)rtl9 L<IDC0~ruQ)(QlID@rac(9G>Sc@0~raLcal(Q)(9IDucraiDLE§E.lfl90ee:>1LSru
swY0 CraiDL!o~FtQ.lf)) craiDLCID(U9Q)crvLrucraiDL(QlQ)(U9RiUrWiDQ.lf))O~raLcal(Q)(9IDu
'0~(Q)(QlIDC~Lscru gDC<W>LmCQ)iDLw gIDC(QlID(U9Q)cee:>0~raLcal(Q)(98iD0 'Qf)Eill90ee:>1
LSrusw @E§~raLm~ ee:>~WLS~<Q.w CUC@ 'o~CIDL(Q)SCee:>iD ~Q)£9(LM)
.~C(Q)(QlID
c~Lscru gDc<W>LmcQ)iDLw'oRi<tPru (QlIDC~0Q)ee:>L(Q).r:u~(Q) o\"Q)cee:>(u)aLl9(9~5L(U)
sw OmRiUiDLwL(Q)~w LCIDc0ra(JU CCIDiD~(9LS<W>:D0ee:>1 C<IDiD~(9Lra<w>cruLm£9
C<IDiD~(9L8(Q)(9 0Q)(QlIDQ.lf))gIDC(QlID(U9Q)Cee:>(u)aLl9(9~CSiD<W>iD0ee:>1CraiD<W>cru
Lm£9C8iD(Q)(90~raLcal(Qj)(9(f)ugIDLCIDL(Q)0~WQ.lf))<IDLee:>~WLQ)Cee:>LmQ.lf))'Qf)Eill90 ee:>1
LSrusw @E§~raLm~ ee:>~WLS~<Q.w CUC@ 'o~CIDL(Q)SCee:>iD lQ)£9(LfU9)
'~C(Q)(QlIDC~LSCru CWiDCru ~(QlID
~Q)ru08C0 CWiDC(9G>LmLru~fULo0 'oRi<tPru<QWC~@ o<IDcrulL2JQ.lf))~L(Q)SCee:>iD
QJJ(f)u~l5L(U)rus@ !PL<QWmRiUiDLwL(Q)~W gIDC<QW(U9Q)cee:>@E§~ C(u)iDaLl9(9~
C5iD<W>iD0ee:>lCraiD<W>CruLm£9'c8iD(Q)(90~roLcal(Qj)(9(f)ugIDL(Q)Q.lf))C(U)iD~(9c@
L(Q)0~WQ.lf)) @E§~5L5Ft(9\"Q/)ru<Qm> gID(l)Et~ee:>ruru(§ CCIDiDS(9traLCIDwmcQ/)iDLQ)
rugW~ru CCIDiDS(9traLra~Q.lf)) ~Q)£9 'L(Q)SCee:>iD~Q)£9 'C0iDWC0~Q)~(Q) C<IDiDRi<tPLQ/)
'CruiDQ)<QW@ (U)~<w>cPfucru L~'((u~ ee:»(Q)iDrul~Q)£9 ((f)u)
-0~raC(U)~Q)L<IDLEill9SQ.lf))(U)(9(Q)
~(Qj)(f)u gIDL<QW0<IDLWLSruswgIDWL0Lee:>1 (~ra(9-VL6l)ra(9-EL6l(E)

(lJ7(fl)(31d3JrD6mo:-@'Druc£h),?d1Qcrg@<Zl3w~6tffiUO<Bti)OWf-
(om)Qangomeman1am«mlm),Qlan1mamc£h),eman1m),~ «mlw1c£hoCbdh91Qlan
@UOQ?d5),eman06'I"D.
(6l1.J1)c£h),gru1~oCb6n')(ri> cOO),<ID"0ruw~QlOW«mlm),Qlan1nmeman1am,c£h),g
ru1~oCb6ffi 63Cb),lQ.]<zan~c£h «mlw1c£hoCb1w
l
Q5m1ro<Zl3w®m0<ZeJo,63Cb),lQ.]<zan~c£h
ru~ce<m1w),Q5 «mlm),Qlan1wo<ZeJo«ml®mCbo Cb"lan1w1eJ),~ omQanffi:,leJ),o<ID"0ru
w~®mo<Z8Jo omemQ.]CbOQlroWo@UOQ~5),em),.
~m)§u
@'DmlCO>lZlaITml6)e.Jrudh6':J19 ol~'kJ0<O§ roml<;J;1?<O6)!lJ~6em<ml~mo
lnJdhOroo(f)ru6Tl'86)lZlcrgl6)nB«mm6lZl<ml<ID0 «m~mJn9::l6mo mSaITm6emcml~mo @aITmroo
ru(f1)~lZl6~<ID @~(3~o(f)cruo6)m<mlrooco> «m>m
6
lZlcml<ID0ru(f1)~lZll~.
dh6gdh~cm~o ~dhoscml ms~sl6)cOOs6cOO6 [Ani!v.StateofKerala2016 (3)KLTSI\J37]
emcml~e.JmrcOO06l"1i'.l~L.O lZlrulruro
20.630),6)~o<m), (]CT)<lJc£hcTBmlco.>Qlom),CT)~<mQlI~P<lrrID l~<mln..OeJ06>6>efbe;tl
gl6>co.><m«mlm),Qlomo.-(1)13-00ruc£h),~lQ8..I (1)-00@nJCl:Jc£h),?d6lJ6TY\Do
(om),(6l1.J1)«mlQ~ffi:,lam 11,7OJc£h),~),c£hUOce6) c£h"l~lam @~ W1dh911ef}O}Q~sO
OJ),em63al),c£h),g®ml6>crgoman),rulnJOal6ffiWI8..1J,0anmlcOO),<Z0J6llS1<zwoQl<zg
Qanffi:,18..1),0OJ~ce<mlcOO),<Zru6llS1<zw0omQ(ffi)ffi:,18..1),0OJI8..1Q.]151~),~
OJm)an),<ZruolQ.]an1n..08..I<ZQlo(mlwQlom),(T\)~anQlOW <Zruanmo«ml~OQan) (T)J"lc£h
allcOO),c£h<zw0,<zms),c£h<ZW0(T)J"lc£hallcOO),ruocTB(T)I2I2lanolQ.]c£h51~lcOO), c£h<zwo,
<zm5),OJomlWQllcOO),c£h<ZwoQ.!l..Ja:i)anoam,Qlol~ Qan~lwlcOO6>~50®mQ.]dh910,
7-00OJc£h),~lam OJlruall~13),~ Q.]oall<zanodl::11c£h6H2lemm18..lwl<ZeJo<ZlQ.](O
6ffiW0<Z8..10«mlanan),(T)o(f)anl<zQ.]OQ8..1,«mlQ~ ffi:,1amlQ.]anin..O8..10c£hl50Qan(]W0
lQ.]anlrill8..10«mlQ.]al~0oJanQlZlemWOal6ffiWO<Z8J0,«mlWOUO<ID"0lQ.]anln..O8..1<ZQl0,
OJI8Jn1ls1~),~ rum)an),<ZOJO (T\)J"lc£h(01~13), Q6llS<zemo<zmslwI3),Q6llS <zem0,
(T)J"lc£hCblcOO),OJom (T\)l2l2lanl~ano<zwo <zms),ruom lWQll~ano<zwo, «mlanan),
(T)0(f)ani(]Q.]0Q8..1,c£hal),an),eman06'I"D.
(2)14-00OJc£h),c;Jl6>8..I6lJ6TY\Do(6llJl)wlam«mlQ~a:blam 12-00OJ<8J),
~lm), c£h"l~leJ),~ wldh911cOO6>~500J), emomQanOal),c£h),gOJlnJOal6ffiwI8..1),0
«mlQ.]alowlwoW
<ID"0UOnfBQ(ffi)ffi:,18..1),0OJI8..1Q.]ls1~),~ OJm)an),<ZOJO,lQ.]anl

8~eg>C(llmW9(9~SL(Q),(roru(9Ql)CaDQ.IJ2)0\"(Q)reg> ~Q)E9aDCQwC(Q):DE§§~ra L(Q.LQ)ru
C2JrM OOJ)C~:D 'C(Q):D(Q.LQ)C~(Q) sp&(9(Q.LQ)~~ru g.QHV:D~00'Ql)CaDQ.Ul)(LM)
'~(Q)WJ ~ffi)ru(9 CaD:Deg>~eg>C~W9Q)Ceg>
£DL(Q.LQ)WC~~WQ.Ul)0~raLCffi(Ql)(9@ULCIDCQ)L(Q)@UCOO':DL(Q)6l\"ru0~raLCffi(Q)(9ff}usp&(9
ClllID~~ru08~eg>2IDLCIDW9Q)CruLru(Q):DQ.Ul)5(9t eg>5(9~~CCIDQ.Ul)COO':DQl)CCIDQ.IJ2)
'CCID:Deg>~00'C{ZlCIDR>ULru~(9LClllIDW5eg>ru1CIDcf'.'lL2JQ.Ul)0~roLCffi(Q)(9ff}u2DR>Ut\"eg>
LMcrul:D OCID~CQ)ru S(9~~CCIDQ.Ul) E§§~IOL(Q)UJJ~eg>2IDW J;UL~(Q)(9 (lJU9)
'~(Q)UJJ ~ruCOO'L~Lru ~(9CCIDQ.IJ2)
LCIDCCIDLRi<e'CM ~Q)E9(Q)(9C~ra~:D2DLCIDRi<e'ru:DQ.IJ2)5(9~~CaDQ.IJ2)(@U)
---o~raLeg>LQ)ru ~WJ@U
'~C(Q)WJ~ruCOO'LmR>U:DLW o8~eg> Sp&(9(Q.LQ)~~ru Q)(9L(Q)OO'(9Q1)Eill9(Q)LW9ru:D
COO':DQl)CQw0~IOLCffi(Q)(9ff}uSP&(9ClllID~ ~ru08reg>2IDLaDW9Q)CrulfU(Q)[)Q.IJ2)oFtc5(9
CWJ:D(Q)C<ge':DLW(Q)0raDeg>rOO'LQ)LaDCCIDLRi<e'CMCIDCW(Q).cucru1£DLClllIDmcQ):D
L(Q)rulor~cQ)c(Q)(9ff}u SFt(9ClllID~~ru 08reg>WJrrucSP&(900'LRi<e'LOJ)2IDLOil.eg>
~WLS~<Qw w~ -'~<tDC9~Ccu) rO>e9<tDCW<l».(UcrulL§cru8~CEP 'Ll
.~C(Q)UJJroc~Q.JJlfU L(Q)sCeg>:D!,WLW2IDLClllID
W~(J)LW E§§rS~LOJ)g>~CQ)ru o~raL~eg>~p&reg>ruru@ ~Q) w~ 2IDLCffiW9(9
r{ZlemcrulL2JQ.IJ2)~L(Q)sceg>:D !,WW9(9C~Q)CP&LW Q)(9~ru omLruClllIDc~Ci.§ 2IDS
ru(9S~ 5(9rCIDL(Q)~LOiQ.lJ2) cru:Dr(Q),(Wru (QJ.Q.l9oru2Dr~ C~:DraauL(Q)rul 0rracUJJ
~Q)LCIDLEill9Sl2.lf» UJJ(9(Q)~(Ql)@U Orra-(l)orra-(~) Ql)eg>rp&~eg>ruru@ (E)
'~C(Q)UJJ r(Q)rQ)eg>'lO(9cru:DL(Q)(J)o(U)
r(Q)(Q)Q.Ul)'CaD:DC(Q)f'&L{ZlOJ)l2DcOO'rSCeg>(9CaD[)C(Q)(Q),(roru(9 QWCE!0cru !,W~(9
r<ge'rSC~(9 'C<ID:DC(Q)ClllIDrsceg>(9Ql)CCIDQ.IJ2)oraauL(Q)rul2IDLCffi~(9Q.Ul)r(Q),(Wru
E§§rP&LS
lfUrelfU<Qwcre:D
CCIDW9Q)CmUJJ{Zl(9(Q).cuC\"Q)ruQ.IJ2)0reauL(Q)rul2IDLCQI
~(9Q.IJ2)Cem:D(Q)<9csteg>0raauL(Q)ru1'ra(9Cru:DL(Q)(J)0(U) ~(Q)(Q)Q.IJ2)'cCID:DC~eg>LR)ti
c(Q):DLQ)crucra:DcemW9Q)rul[)OQ)ClllIDQ.Ul)E§§~S~LOJ)Q.l~CQ)ru 2IDtf6~eg>ru OC-L
'°Ri<e'ru.(Q.LQ)CsFt(9<ge'LemL~(Q)(9 f'L0{Zl'2IDC(QJ.Q.l9L~(Q)(9 CWJ:D~(9r<ge'LQ)lfUL~OJ)l
2DC<ge'rsceg>(9'cUJJ:D~<9C<ge'LQ)L(Q),(roru(9 oWCE!!f)cru!,W~(9C<ge'~SCeg>(9 'cUJJ[)~(9
C<ge'LQ)LClllIDrsceg>(9(E§§rem(Q)(9C~~w(Q)ru:D CIDC~(Q)~(U) ~WC~aDLW) C~:Dreau

ru0~1W0 cB6>6>Qd313~6>EiTlS<wn0c£h06mlcB6>~<TnCID(0arrm1arBn{j)6><lIDlfb18..1~0
C&.!lJOBJ>0C&.!lJOBlcB6>ocmnJosl~ oarrmCID~0arrcl6lffi6>mC&.!lJOBlcB6>~c£hW06>6mlfb1arB
arrclCIDlmwouBCID06>~ nJow~ <TncruOnD .!lJ(OJ>6lffi~16> 8.J0~16>c£h @arrm(OonJOC&W6T"Y5
c£h0(0J>r2)l~oarrm{ID ~r2)0EiT"D.
(I)arrclarrm(00c£h~g06>.!lJ<:oJCID~6>ruC&<Tn0arrclCID1mlnJCIDlw0 cB6>6>~
6>3C&<Tn0@~ 6>CID~lru, arrclCQ)ouB6>cOOCIDl6>(o.!lJ;J,r2)arrm6>~3 c£h;J,garrmlmarrclwouB
arrclnJ(O0wlwo6>6mm)crullc£hO(OJ>6>CID~lruoc£h ~c£hW06>6m lfblarBarrcll..OruO
(iI)arrclW0uBcruJWC&r2)0rucB6>"1arBr2);J,6lJ0<lID(0C&r2)0rul.!lJ0 (06m
<:oJcB6>owln@6>CIDlfb18..1;J,0cruodM::I1C&wos CID6>agcruJISOru(f);J,6mocruo0n1lcB6>;J,
<TnCIDlmowln{j)6>CTIDlfb18..1;J,0C&.!lJOBJ>0C&.!lJ0BlcB6>;J,c£hC&WOCID6>nRm.>JISOru(J);J,6m
roTIDlmowl 6>CID~lru& 6>c£hOS~cB6>&c£hC&WO, n{j)CIDlmruoBroTIDl6>agmSroTID1C&~f)
(O"lCID1C&woC&lnJocrulc£hJ>~3o;J,6>sc&wom.>odM::Ilw&6>SC&WO cruJlSOruB~ n!l:lJ>0@uB6>~
s;J,<TnCID(OroTID18..106>6mlfblC&8..I0,
(iii)<mC&CIDc£h&go .!lJ~r2)roTID6>~3 r2)c&g6>CIDlfb18..1&0ruJ>ce<IDl6>cB6>
CIDl6>alarrclwouB 6>CID~lru~ 6>c£hos~cB6>~<TnC&CIDO~WcruOnD!1Jal J>o.
22.1973-6)8..1lc£hlQllmammSnJslml<D>Qlo.a1le.JalSC3(J)a»lc£hu8cB6)~ nfIaw
<D>Qlo<D>1 lnJa<D>o(J)lcB6>oru~ <Tnano61TI.-1973-6>8..1(1974-6>8..12)lc£hlr2)lmarB
mSnJslmlwQlroTIDl6>8..IruJ>rucruoc£huB~'D ~c£bslm;J, c£h"l~larB CfOl~cB6>
6>Qdsoru;J,<Tn63al;J,c£h;J,gc£h~CIDJ>ru;J,r2)o<D>l 6TlJffi.1)6>~3 n@<IDmSnJsllc£hr2)roTID18..1;J,0
arrclCIDl6>nRlnJC&<D>o(f)roTIDlm,CID06>~ 6>c£hOS;J,roTID13;J,~CIDl6>8..I<TnC&nJo6>8..I 'n.08..Io'
@6T"Y5owl(Ole66>~<TnCIDOEiT"D,-
(n{j))
243-00 ruc£h;J,~l6>8..I 1-00@nJruc£h;J,~18..1;J,~ "c£h;J,gcB6>Oalcm
nDO~alOc£h;J,ruOcm ~ruCfOJ>6>~SOru&<TnCIDOEiT"D" n{j)<Tnruo!1Jc£hroTIDlm&nJc£halo
"@s6>m CID6><TnC&WO C&c£hosCIDl«J!()m;J,ruBlcB6>;J,<TnCIDo<D>crur2)wroTIDlm&~1C&8..I0
c£h;J,gcB6>Oalcm,C&(o6lJOr2)~8..Io, m.>0~c£h~0CQ)1 oJkruCIDallcB6>;J,ruocmmlmC&@CfOl
cB6>;J,<Tn ~uBcB6>O(O;J, 6>5rulrual6lffi~;J,
0(n{j)6>mYllfb18..1~r2);J,6>6T"Y5lfb1arB)C&al6lJc£h6>~
~lCfOCQ)lcB6>;J, <TnCIDoCQ)lmlmc&@U'OlcB6>;J,<Tn;J,6>6l1SlfblarB(n{j)6)<lIDffh18..1;J,Ql;J,6)6l1Sffh1arB)
arrclCID&0mQJC&c£h6T"Y5CID;J,0arrclCQ)ouBnDO~alOc£hOcm ~ruuo J>6>c;dsoru;J,<TnCID;J,r2)0EiT"D"
n{j)<Tn;J,Qlogl<D>13;J,~CIDoEiT"D.

'crag)cCIDLtwc(Q)g)LCIDClZl
Q)cg>L(Q)r-'~(Q)$,WIDu~c(Q)tw ~ruC<Q.lQ)SWwmcQf)g)LQ)rugncg>I\9Q)g)S<[email protected]
cg>lLsruswfU'L(f)CCIDg)ru@'gncg>~ftWcg>ru CIDL<Q.lQ)~5ft<9'Rjcg>CCW (UU9)
crumQID)
o~CID(Q)<9Ccg>C6IDW 0PL~cg> WlZloQ)cwruQID)OO~WC(99lLW9Ccg> °W9Q)Ccg>WJ<9L(Q)
twIDu ~L<lU.QJ.9LO) cg>~ccg> <9~(Q1)(JluQJJC(99lCQ)~C(JU gncg>I\9Q)g)({f)u)
'~C(Q)
<Q.lQ)CffiL5CruQJJC(99llJtl9omruQID)L(Q)5 Ccg>g)L(Q)~Q)tw~<Q.lQ)~5ft<9l\9Q)g)gnE.lfl9
lZlcg>lLSruswra<9crug)twCID<9W9Q)cmccw gnCrtUg) ~(99lL(f)CCIDg)LwLru L(Q)5Ccg>g)
C6IDlZlg)QJJLCIDRi'B'rug)QID)S<9~CIDLRi'B'cg> ~Q)E9sft<9mJJrU9LCIDClZl~~E.lfl9lZlcg>lLsru5W
'gnE.lfl9Q)ccg>LmQID)oo~raLO)Io cg>~wtf6~cg>ru cu~ o~raLcg>LQ)ru ~twIDu"
-'~CIDC(Q)QID) '~C(Q)OO~SLCIDL<Q.lQ)
~5ft<9gn@ onDru,ruOO~SL<Q.lQ)~SC(99l<9o)<9C(Q) LCIDcruQJJ~lZl ~WL(Q)twIDu,,0W9Q)
cg>IoEJQf)Lru"OO~IOtf6~cg>ruru@ oC-~ 1O<9tf6~cg>ru OC-L6£(UT)
'~CQw
o~(Q)tw ~ruC(96l~SIDu J:DLE.§(Q)<90~twLWC6IDLCIDLRi'9'CCW ~Q)C(Q)<9Wu LCIDClZlCIDmg)Lru
~WL<Q.lQ)Qf)Ccg>ruQID) 5<9~CIDLE.§cruB ~cg> OO~WL(Q)tw ~<Q.lQ)SW OQ)C(Q),0DLruWL(Q)IDu
CID<9LRi'B'C(u)o~wcru ~Q)S~(Q) ClZlg)W9w>rWg)QID)CCIDg)W9Q)cruLruC6IDL<Q.lQ)ruC2)QID)
CCIDg)S<9~CIDLE.§cruB ~cg> CCIDg)~<9LIO~(99lru CIOg)LCffiru<9~tw ~twC(Q)g) $,WW9<9CCID
LQ)Qf)0PLW(Q) CIOg)C~E.lfl9W9Q)Ccg> OO~SLCIDL<Q.lQ)~sft<9I\9Q)g) QJJC(Q)0PL~,QU~
'o~IOCWJ~Q)LCIDLE.lfl9SQID) tw<9(Q)~(Q1)IDu crag)-(~) crcjg)-(~) fi>~cg>ruru@ (£)
~'~CIDC(Q)QID) '~C(Q)OO~SL<Q.lQ)Wrug) fi>~cg>ruru@ OO~SL<Q.lQ)?5Ccg><9
O)<9C(Q)$,WWS~(Q) W<9!.ft?cg>ruru@OC-~ ra<9!.ft~'e'ru OC-HE(LCW)
.~C(Q)<Q.lQ)CffiL5Cru CWg)C(99l~ru<9LSIoW ~(96l<Q.lQ)g)raCcg>(Q)L["W)LWQID)CWg)C(99l~
ru<9LBclZlLSru5W C6IDC<Q.lQ)W9Q)Ccg>twal9<9?5LCIDLcg>C6IDWRice'rug)Q)E9LRice'cg>
sft<9mD!"U9LCIDClZl?CIDL5ruSWC6IDLO)Iocg>?wtf6~cg>ru OC-L6£ '~lZl(Q)lClZl?(Q)twIDu"
-:~CIDC(Q)QID)
'~C(Q)OO~SL<Q.lQ)Wrug) onDru,ruOOmL<Q.lQ)?5Ccg><9O)<9C(Q)0W>Qf)g)~(99l~onD
ru,ruoc-£C6IDLft~cg>ruru@ oc-~ ra<9Lft~cg>ru OC-60£(Lrtl9)

23.rucfb6~ 13{1)(crul)cW<66'l6cfb'!91aJ6~ 63<06
cfb~gcfb~al>Jru~Qlo<D>l 6TlJCTU)
6)~3 cfb~go AJ~Ql<mmaJ~cfb~U6)S nJluoBOoU06ID3u8.-1973-6)aJ (1974-6)(TR2)
lcfblQllmarnmSnJslmlwl2l<mmlarnn(j)0ID;J,<m6)<manoS6ID31wl<o;J,<mOB..l;J,0,13-00
rucfb;J,~l6)BJ ~nJrucfb;J,~ (1)6lJ6ffiDo(crul)(Q)<66'l;J,cfb4!91B..l;J,~ 63<O;J,cfb;J,gocfb;J,g
ruo~lwlarn A.1;J,Qlam»6)~§Oarn, nillal>;J,em"lw<mlcfbuOce6>lSW1B..lO(]6l1)0cfb;J,go
6)!lJ(Q)<m6)<m<m0(]<0onJlce6>6)~§em,nillem;J,rumJem;J,rul6)mcru06T1JCTU)1~0(]6l1)0
c£b;J,go6)!lJ(Q)em6lem<mo(]<oonJlce6>6)<;j§em,c£b~<m~12l0W em"lw<mlc£b(]§O,lnJ(]<m~cfb
~m6)I2l(]<mo ~~ nJ<OOQlrouoI2l1~(6)em em6)(ffianoemc£b;J,go!lJ;J,I2lam»B..Ilarnrulru
<olce6>;J,ruo08nJ<O~On1<mQlOcfb;J, <m<m06T"Dano6BT36lm!lJ;J,I2lam»6)<;j§c£b;J,go636)<OOg
c£b;J,gl2lowl(]l2larn?j0GmTm(]c£b0(U)16l~ 219-00ruc£b;J,?jl6l~ anoro<m.D<mmlarn
cfb<O;J,<m;J,<memo6T"D..
n(j)<m;J,ru<olc£blaJ;J,0,«rI0BJ6l<mIDW;J,0anorucruom6lam»w;J,0anoam»<ooem"lw
emlcfbuOce6>lsce6>~u06)~s;J,am»lwl§;J,~ crul2lWo63<O;J,ruroo9::lam»larnanowlcfb
12l0c£b008nJoslaJo am»em06T"D.
ou
24.rul.!l.Jo<06l1)cWcB6)~ nJI(]WwQlocfboeml<olcB6)om6)6)cfbcB6)
J
ailmarncfblCD>
~@66)S (]~g6)Ql(1r- emmn.JI2lWolnJ06l1JBJ~am»lB..l;J,~ mlwQlam»larnn(j)0ID;J,
em6l<manoS6BT31wl<O;J,<moaJ;J,0,15-~0 13-~0 ruc£b;J,<;j;J,cfbuOce6>;J,c£b4l91(]B..I0,7
Ql;J,<marn11ru6)<OW;J,~ ruc£b;J,<;j;J,c£buOce6>;J,c£b4l91(]aJO~§..§ 63<O;J,c£b;J,gam»lm
63<O;J,6lnJoem;J,(]cruruc£b6lm<ml6l<Onill6l<m!E:>lB..l;J,omSnJslwlarn63<OOuO (]'61?g6ll2l~v
meJc£blwoarn,anowouOn(j)6l0ID!E:>lB..l;J,olnJemln.OB..I(]Qlo(mlwl2lom;J,cru~em(]ru
emmo ano~06lemw;J,~) n(j)6l0ID!E:>lBJ;J,o()_.naJnJlsl<;j;J,~ cruoWm(]12l06lnJO<m;J,
(]cruruc£hmmarnc£b06l12lemcrur2J2l<mlce6>;J,c£b(]WOmarncfb;J,c£b(]WO6l!lJ(Q)emoarn12
-00ruc£b;J,<;jlm;J,c£b4l91arnanow(6)§rul!lJo<06l1)6l!lJC91008nJosl~ocmm<mo6T"D.
25.cfb<O,monJIcfb,(]ru.\oQlmlCD>Qloano6)~!E:>larn l216lg6lal>!E:>laJ
6
omlCD>
1216)<mID6YlJowl<66'l<O;J,6)emcm.-~'D «rI0<£bglB..l;J,~ W(6)<mO<m;J,01950-6lB..l
(1950-6laJ45)c£bal(]crum«rI0<£bS,1950(19506lB..l46)(]ru~OI2l(]crumo «rI0ce:;S,
1957-6lB..l(1957-6)B..I62)morulc£b«rI0<£bS,1968-6lB..l(1968-6lBJ47)ano<mlrocmml
cru;J,<Oc£b9::!O(]crumoCID0ce:;S,1978-6lB..l(19786lB..l30)em4alcruoalc£b9::!6l1)(]crumo
«rI0<£bS1986-6l8J(1986-6l~ 47)(]B<J04wcru;J,<Oc£b9::!O(]crumo«rI0ce:;Sn(j)<m4
«rI0<£bS;J,c£buOce6>;J,c£b4l91B..l;J,~ nill6)emo<o;J,(]c£bOSemlw;J,6lSWioanowlc£bo<olw;J,

·~C0~(Q)(Q,lQ.d~Lemcg:>l(WlcruLOi~ em<9Lsrusw <Q.wdWJc(Q)<9cem WJ~OO'
LQ)LemLllil9SQWVVL(Q)@VVLcalUl9<9Cemcg:>~(WllS(fluQ)<9L(Q)W<9cg:>ru(\JJ[)~(Q)Cru<9
o~I"8Lcal(Q)<9Ulu LSrusw o~raLcal(QJ)<9(flu (Q)<9CffiI"80[)gJJL8~<Q.w w@ 'o~(Q)WJ
~ruC00'Q>~[)LSlcg:>WJ<9(Q)(Q)<9C(Wl,(ffi0~cg:>(Q1Q)<9ruQ)w(f)~<9L(Q)QWLemC0~ru0
cmLw0~I"8Lcal(Q)<9UluE§§~1"8L(Q1Q))"l"8ru9crulOem0(UQ)(Q)Q!)cg:>CJTU)ru)ruI"8<9L8~<Q.w
w@ -'~0<9C(9GlW~g)LSfcg> ~LC2WlZI<IDLW O~raL<EB(Q)(98g)lZI §~W "SZ
'~C(Q)WJ ~ruC<9tPL(f)Cem[)LwLru 'ra<9cru[)WJcm<9L(Q)SCcg:>[),(WgJJR)U(\JJ<.9WJ~ffi)rv<9
0)Q)Ccg:>cg:><9<9gncg:>~(\JJcg:>[)1"8<9LE§§~(9GlLmLQ)rucg:>LQf)E)[)Cru15<9~emL(Q)SC00'[)<JU<9<9
'LW5Ccg:>[)5<9~cmL~,QU~ cg:»(Q)[)rul'0~~llil9Q)Ccg:>LmQW c~(flu §§~0~WR)ULruLO
o~WLl"8loftQJ.ID §§~SLcmLcg:>VVW VVLC2W0emLw LSruswVVWL0Lcg:>1(lra<.9-17L6L)
ra<9-8L6L'~LW 5C<9tP[)<JU<9<9'o§C<.Q.lQ)[)5LWJ~ruCcg:>C0cg>mCru9 'LemC0em
m[)Lru~<9tPgncg>CJTU)ru)"ru ~<9L8~<Q.w w@ -'o~WR)UIJULO olrab~Q.lf» "a
'~CWWJ ~cg:>cru[) ~SCWJ[) ~0 LemC0~~cg:>Lsru5w
WJ~<9tPSLcg>W<.9Cee>cftWloW~LWJ ~0~<9W WJ<9(Q)VVL(Q1Q)?)oQ)<Q.w0Q)(Q1Q)QJ.ID
LcmC0(Q)~(\JJ~W<9tPQ!)cg>CJTU)ru)ru ~<9L8~<Q.w w@ o~cmL~,QU~ ~Q)c(Q)<9IDu
0Q)(Q1Q)QJ.ID'~C(Q)WJ l(Q)lQ)cg:>LemC(Q)sft<.9<9tPL0emLW LcmccmL~,QU~ cg»w[)rul
VVLOilocg:> ~Wlft~cg:>ru0 C-Ef&LQ)(\JJ~W(Q)QJ.IDCra[)(Q)~0~WJQJ.IDCWJ[) QJ.ID~L?)
oQ)<Q.wra(Q)0~rv,(Wlo(JUC~Cem[)L2U9ru[)~<9tPgnEID9Qf)E)[)ru1CWg)L(Q1Q)Qf)E)[)rul
<Q.wo~emL~,QU~ cg»(Q)[)rul~Q)c(Q)<9IDu E§§lraLemra(Q)0lfU '(wlo(JUc~ S<9C(Q1Q)[)?)
0Q)<Q.w~<9L8~<Q.w w@Cra[)LE§EID9Qf)E)[)rulCW[)L(Q1Q)QJ)E)[)rul~Q)c(Q)<.9Ulu ~LOilo ee>
~wL8~<Q.w L(Q)(JW?)[)0cmLwVVWL0Lcg:>1ra<9-l96L-'kWW9(9CQ)clZIL~~~
cg>f(Q)g)["UlS~(9(9GlLlZI<IDLW ~L6ib'EP ~wL8~w a,ai'WClZl~~~ (gwfRP
["U(9.(W)'EPf(Q)g)["UlS~(9(9GlLlZI<IDLW ~L6ib'EP ~wL8~w OC-917fO<.9-l;96L'9Z
·~WJ~OO'l.fUc)"rt9rul ~CWL(Q)@ ~Ul9<9C(Q)WJ~(Q)
lQ)'EPL<IDcemL(Q)5ccg:>[)cmC)WL(Q)loWVVWL0Lcg>1Ul9Q)cmC(\JJL(Q)sccg:>[)5<9lem
L~,QU~ cg:»(Q)[)rulLemcWL(Q1Q))"Qf)Em~ olem~<.9L(Q1Q)lZIcmLW l(Q)Ulu§§~slftrLQf)Q>0
CQ)ru~-(L) ft~cg:>ruru~ ~L(Q)WJ~(WlLQ)cg>loQ)fE) gnEID9(O)Qf)o(\JJ(l)
",Y-A9c(Q)(Q1Q)CffiL5Cru<tUc<9tPLmCru9cem[) (Q1Q)<90cg:>lL5
ru5W(O)C0cg>mcru9ccm[)(Q1Q)<9(f)cem[)LwLru S<9~cmLmLQ)ruQ)ccg>LmQJ.ID0lem5<9

29.1944-6)e.J38-0063ocBC\J.)lmoBm.>l6)~ <l:1SC3(J)(ll)1.-1944-6)8..1 lcfu1Q)1
mamm1CQJI2l<&I'SB(J)<ID163o<ocwlmoBcru1am-
(n{j)3-00ClJcfu
6
?;:j16)8..I@nJClJcfu
6 ?d
(1),9-00ClJcfu
6
?;:j16)8..I@nJClJcfu
6 ?d
(1)10-00ClJcfu
6
?;:j16)8.J6lJ6lT\Do(n{j)11-00ClJcfu
6
?;:j16)8.J~nJClJcfu6?d (1)13-00
ClJcfu6~6)8.J ~nJClJcfu 6?d(1)n{j)em~ClJcfu6~6cfu@lam"cruoffilOom(J)ClJ6l!B6)Q)(ff'
n{j)emClJ0c66l
6
cfuuncOO'<&ClJ6llS1n{j)ClJl6)S6)CQJ06)c66l«3l()<ID~nJ<&CQJ0(J)1t.:ld136<&6llS0,
"cru0ffilO0 m(J)ClJ6l!B6)Q)of"«3l()1.OClJ0,«3l()<ID<ID6cru0(J)<ID1<&nJ06)8..1,"<&cfulCT3
(J)ClJ6l!B6)l2loB
v
"
~fi'Ieml6l3T36)mI2lO<&06llS<IDO6fI1.
o '~J 0
(6TlJl)10-00ClJcfu6?;:jlam6lJ6lT\Do(n{j)CQJlam"3Q)ocru6l3T3un"n{j)em
ClJ0c66l
6
cfuun"63al6ClJ<00910"n{j)<T"D<ID1al6<&CUTm6llS<ID06fI1.
(ii)2,4n{j)em~ 6lJ6lT\Dlcfucfu@lam
(n{j)
"63C0
6
lnJO<&Bunlcfu«3l()W1cfuOalffilOOmo"n{j)em
ClJOc66l
6
cfuunc66l
6 <&unn9:1
0 "«3l()6)~ffiJ1am <&cfulCT3cruoffilO0 m«3l()l.OClJ06)lnJ0ClJl<l3091.1am
®0tfug1m6cfu~<g1<&8.J0, «3l()<IDlmo<&8.Jo,ffilOonJlc66l6)~3136~ 63al
6
<&cfuO<O?;:j<&O
o91<l3n{j)<&em0,cru<Oc66l0<OcrunDoCQJCUTml8.J6~ <&<ID0mlCQJUTU)6mCUTml8.J6~ <&<IDO
®0CQJ«3l()WlcfuOall<&CQJocruoneJ<&12l01956-6)8.J(1956-6)8.J1)cfucrum~m)
®0tfugl6)8.J617-00ClJcfu
6
~lam ClJ1ClJall~136~ cru<O<OOo<ocfucruml<&CQJo
«3l()CUTmco0<&cfu~<O?;:j<&00916)rrB<&CQJ0«3l()wlcfu0allCQJ66)S<&CQJ0cru0neJCUTm16)erR<&CQJ0
cru<O<OOo<ocfucrumlCQJ
6
6)S <&CQJOcrunDOCQJ12l6~ 63al66)cru06)6)crugl<&CQJO"n{j)em
ClJO<OO6cfu@60lnJ<&CQJ0(J)6l3T3@;>'0~un6)?;:js6 <&CUTm6llS<ID06fI1.
(6TlJl)"®ol.OClJO®OWlcfuoco1"n{j)emClJ0<006 cfuun<006 <&un0910
"®O1.OClJ0<&cfu0<O?;:j<&0091<l3®O1.OClJ0cru0neJ0cru<0<000<0cfucrum1®O1.OClJ0
6)cru(6)6)crugl"n{j)em~ ClJ0<006cfuun ~un6)?;:js6 <&CUTm6llS<ID06fl1.
(iii)4-n{j)6lJ6lT\DlcfuWce6)<&ClJ6llS1,<ID(6)\9nJOCQJ6em6lJ6lT\Dlcfu
nJcfualo~nJ<&CQJO(J)1<&<OO6llS<ID06fl1, ®O<IDoCQJ<ID"4-n{j)1988-6)8..1«3l()\9112l<IDlml<&alo
wm®0tfugl<l3cfu~\91am unlefu9::l1<OO6)?;:j<&s6llS63al
6
cfu
6
go."

(iv)6U6rrWlc£h5am"2,3,4nmem"lgQm6ID3un"nmem ruoce6)~
c£hunce6)~o lrU~cwocn6ID3unce6)~o rUc£h<bo"2,3,44-nm@m6ID3un"nmem"J
ruoce6)~ c£h~~0lrU~CWOcn6ID3~~ 0~rU~cwocnl~ce6)61lS<ID06T""T1.
30.O~Oce6)e.J!o 63!91ruO<B6>e.J!o.-(1)1947-6)e.J(1947-6)eJ2)<mo!9112l<IDl
ml~<bowm ®0cfuO,1952-6)eJ(1952-6)e.J46)lc£h112l1mammlcwl2l~t5(3cn<IDl ®0cfuO
o . 0
nmem1rugQ<IDlmoam 0<30c66)lcw13~~<ID06T""T1.
(2)<moarrm<bo0<30c66)eJ!61lS0CWOeJ~0, 1897-6)eJ(1897-6)eJ10)~m
oam~~Offi)cm ®0cfugl6)eJ6'-00 ruc£h~~l6)~ lrU~cwocnarrmlm nDomlc£h<b12l
~(6)<ID, <mo6ID36)mO~0c66)6)~3 ®0c£hglmm!ffi)<bl~.~p <mo<IDlcr3c£h"l!91~eJo
6).!lJcW<ID6)<ID0IDOCWOeJ!0nm0ID~ mSrUslomS! arrm13~ 6)61lSffi:>leJ!0,<mo6ID36)m
~~~crol~13!6)61lSffi:> leJ~ogQ'D®0cfugl6)~ ru.,\ru<TUDc£h~~12l0cwl <mo<IDlm~.!lJcB~
cwl~oarrmls~arrmo~o, gQ'D®0c£hgl6)~ <ID(3m~<blrUl2locw ru~ru<TUDc£h~m!ffi)
<bl~~o <mo<IDlcr3c£h"l!91~8JO 6).!lJcW<ID<IDO~CWO nmS!mTm13!~<ID0~CWO c£h<b~<ID!
em<ID06T""T1.
31.1860-6>e.J45-00~abgl6>1 .!lJle.Jruefb!~~efb6>§ 63!91ruoc66>am.­
@0ID.,\cr3crolc£h9::jomlcwl2lo(1860-6)eJ45)arrml6>eJ161 1Zl~<IDam 165nmru6)<b
ruc£h~~!c£hun (<b61lS~0 ~un6)~6)S) 63!91ruo~c66)61lS<ID06T""T1, ~c£hlm®0c£hglmoam
®0ruc£h~~~c£hun 0C30c66)6)~3<ID06)6fT)em~rU06)eJ 1897-6)8..1~moam ~~Offi)cm
®0c£hgl6)~ 6-00ruc£h~if (1897-6)~ 10)63!91ruOc66)6)~31SarrID lrU~cwocnl~c66)
61lS<ID06T""T1.