2-1 Classifying Matter

1. Warm-up (Warm-up (Own PaperOwn Paper))
1.1.What instrument would you use to measure What instrument would you use to measure
temperature?temperature?
2.2.Which of the following is a unit of volume?Which of the following is a unit of volume?
a.a.gram gram b. atmosphereb. atmosphere c. meterc. meter d. literd. liter
What property of matter can you measure What property of matter can you measure
using a graduated cylinder? using a graduated cylinder?
Thermometer
Volume

2. 2-1 Classifying Matter2-1 Classifying Matter
ClassifyClassify pure substances as elements and pure substances as elements and
compounds.compounds.
DescribeDescribe the characteristics of an element and the characteristics of an element and
the symbols used to identify elements.the symbols used to identify elements.
DistinguishDistinguish pure substances from mixtures. pure substances from mixtures.
ClassifyClassify mixtures as heterogeneous or mixtures as heterogeneous or
homogeneous.homogeneous.
ClassifyClassify mixtures as solutions, suspensions, or mixtures as solutions, suspensions, or
colloids.colloids.

3. Matter?Matter?
What is matter?What is matter?
–Anything that has mass and takes up spaceAnything that has mass and takes up space
Why do we need to classify matter?Why do we need to classify matter?
–Not all matter is the same.Not all matter is the same.
–Different types of matter must be treated differently.Different types of matter must be treated differently.
–ExampleExample
Not all clothes are made of the same fabric.Not all clothes are made of the same fabric.
Clothes require different washing techniques.Clothes require different washing techniques.

4. Matter ClassificationMatter Classification
MatterMatter
Pure SubstancesPure Substances MixturesMixtures
ElementsElements CompoundsCompounds HomogeneousHomogeneous HeterogeneousHeterogeneous

5. Pure SubstancesPure Substances
Made up of all the same thing or one Made up of all the same thing or one
type of matter.type of matter.
Pure substances have the same Pure substances have the same
properties regardless of sample.properties regardless of sample.
Either compounds or elementsEither compounds or elements

6. ElementsElements
Substances that cannot be broken down into Substances that cannot be broken down into
simpler substances.simpler substances.
Think of atoms. Think of atoms.
Contain only one type of atom.Contain only one type of atom.
It has a fixed composition It has a fixed composition
Ingredients can’t change.Ingredients can’t change.
Identified by symbolIdentified by symbol
Examples of elements: Examples of elements:
–Aluminum (Al), Gold (Au), Carbon (C) - solidsAluminum (Al), Gold (Au), Carbon (C) - solids
–Bromine (BrBromine (Br
22), Mercury (Hg) - liquids), Mercury (Hg) - liquids
–Oxygen (OOxygen (O
22), Nitrogen (N), Nitrogen (N
22) - gases) - gases

7. CompoundsCompounds
Substances that are made up of two or more Substances that are made up of two or more
simpler substances that can be broken down.simpler substances that can be broken down.
–They are combined in chemically defined ratios.They are combined in chemically defined ratios.
–HH
22O – Water, CO – Water, C
66HH
1212OO
66 – Glucose (Sugar). – Glucose (Sugar).
–The elements have different properties when alone.The elements have different properties when alone.
–Hydrogen and Oxygen are flammable as elements.Hydrogen and Oxygen are flammable as elements.
–But water is not flammable.But water is not flammable.
Identified by formula Identified by formula

8. The make-up of mixtures are not fixed.The make-up of mixtures are not fixed.
Properties vary by mixture contents.Properties vary by mixture contents.
They retain some of the properties of They retain some of the properties of
the individual substances.the individual substances.
Sand is an example of mixture. Sand is an example of mixture.
–One could find sand from many different One could find sand from many different
beaches but all could have a very beaches but all could have a very
different make up.different make up.
Mixtures can be classified by how well Mixtures can be classified by how well
the parts of the mixture are distributed the parts of the mixture are distributed
throughout it.throughout it.
MixturesMixtures

9. Which of the following are pure substances?Which of the following are pure substances?
A.A.SandSand
B.B.Copper wireCopper wire
C.C.Your PhoneYour Phone
D.D.Your notebookYour notebook

10. Which of the following is a mixture?Which of the following is a mixture?
A.A.Pure waterPure water
B.B.24 karat gold ring24 karat gold ring
C.C.Iron rodIron rod
D.D.River waterRiver water

11. Which of the following is not an element?Which of the following is not an element?
A.A.GoldGold
B.B.SugarSugar
C.C.IronIron
D.D.ZincZinc

12. Which of the following is a compound?Which of the following is a compound?
A.A.HH
22OO
B.B.AuAu
C.C.CuCu
D.D.FeFe
E.E.ZnZn

13. Heterogeneous MixturesHeterogeneous Mixtures
The Greek words The Greek words hetero hetero and and genusgenus meaning meaning
“different” and “kind.”“different” and “kind.”
Two or more types of atoms, physically Two or more types of atoms, physically
combined in no definite ratio.combined in no definite ratio.
Different throughout.Different throughout.

14. Homogeneous MixturesHomogeneous Mixtures
Two or more substances, physically combined Two or more substances, physically combined
in no definite ratio.in no definite ratio.
Same throughout.Same throughout.
Must be a SOLUTIONMust be a SOLUTION
A solute dissolved in a solvent.A solute dissolved in a solvent.