2.1 Engineering Hong Kong's infrastructure development_CIVL1100_8 Sept 2016.pdf

2.1 Engineering Hong Kong's infrastructure development_CIVL1100_8 Sept 2016.pdf

1. CIVL1100 Discovering Civil and Environmental Engineering

JS Kuang, PhD CEng FICE FiStructE FHKIE
Professor of Civil Engineering

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Development

3. (1) Vernacular urban architecture —
in Canton (Guangzhou) and Hong Kong

2- to 3-storey masonry or
reinforced concrete buildings

4. (2) Indigenous architecture in the New Territories

5. (3) Stone structures

Stepped Stone Structure at a particular
archaeological site of Jerusalem (1000-
900 BC)

ALAR SE tik Yo te EBL AY A 7 HT 900-
1000°E2Z EM ER

re

Stone tower

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7. (4) Masonry structures

8. (5) Buildings in Hong Kong
Q Old western-style buildings

9. Western Market in Sheung Wan

10. a Modern high-rise buildings

11. Reinforced concrete structures

SAR IRE SEE

12. 2 Intemational Bank of China ‘One Island
Name International Commerce Center gin snce Centre Central Plaza D The Center Nina Tower 1 &2 ‘Cast
484 m 416m 374 m 367 m 346m 319m 298 m
108 storeys 88 storeys 78 storeys 70 storeys 73 storeys 80 storeys 68 storeys
Completion Completion Completion Completion Completion Completion Completion

2010 2003 1992 1990 1998 2007 2008

13. Jardine House, Central
— the first tall building in Hong Kong

le]
T
= (een (ele) mamans

Floor plan

14. Central Plaza, Wan Chai
— the tallest reinforced concrete building in the world during 1992-97

Ground floor

15. Central Plaza, Wan Chai
—the tallest reinforced concrete building in the world during 1992-97

Standard floor

eo © © ©:

Ground floor

16. | HSBC Headquarters, Central

17. Bank of China, Central

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Y My:

Massing model showing the shape of the Bank of China Tower

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18. | Exchange Square, Admiralty

19. Lippo Centre, Admiralty

20. Two International Finance Centre (IFC 11), Central

a Height: 416 metres
Q Storeys: 88
a Structural system: Reinforced concrete-steel composite

a Construction completed:2003

21. ICC (International Commerce Centre), West Kowloon

a Height: 484 metres
Storeys: 108
Material: Concrete-steel composite

a Construction began/completed: 2003/2010

a The 7* completed tallest building in the world;
the tallest building in Hong Kong

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22. ICC (cont’d)

Su Construction of the floor system
1/F spanning from the core wall

to the mega columns

Main building as seen in Feb 2006 with

the jump form for the core wall and the
climb form for the mega columns

Concrete, steel and bricks are commonly used construction materials in Hong Kong

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23. ICC (cont’d)

24. Tallest buildings in the world (as of 2016)

1* tallest building in the world — Burj Khalifa (Dubai, UAE)
Height: 828 m, 163 storeys; Construction began/completed: 2004/2010

24 — Shanghai Tower [EP <3 AJA] (Shanghai, China)
Height: 632 m, 128 storeys; Construction began/completed: 2008/2015

3" — Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel (Mecca, Saudi Arabia)
Height: 601 m, 120 storeys; Construction began/completed: 2002/2012

4th — Pin An Finance Centre (Shenzhen, China)
Height: 600 m, 115 storeys; Construction began/completed: 2010/2016

5th — Lotte World Tower (Seoul, Korea)
Height: 555 m, 123 storeys; Construction began/completed: 2011/2016

6'h — One World Trade Center (New York, USA)
Height: 541 m, 104 storeys; Construction began/completed: 2006/2014

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25. Tallest buildings in the world (as of 2016) (cont’d)

7th" — CTF Finance Centre (Guangzhou, China)
Height: 530 m, 111 storeys; Construction began/completed: 2010/2016

8h — Taipei 101 (Taipei, Taiwan)
Height: 509 m, 101 storeys; Construction began/completed: 1999/2004

9% — Shanghai World Trade Center [EEK GRA P 3] (Shanghai, China)
Height: 492 m, 101 storeys; Construction began/completed: 1997/2008

10' - International Commerce Centre (ICC) (Hong Kong)
Height: 484 m, 108 storeys; Construction began/completed: 2002/2010

11** — Petronas Tower 1 (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)
Height: 452 m, 88 storeys; Construction began/completed: 1993/1996

12th — Petronas Tower 2 (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)
Height: 452 m, 88 storeys; Construction began/completed: 1993/1996

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26. Seven representative tallest buildings in the world

Burj Khalifa Shanghai Tower Makkah Royal One World Taipei 101 Shanghai World ICC
Clock Tower Trade Center Trade Center

Photos of some tallest buildings in the world
from Dubai, Shanghai, Mecca, New York, Taipei, Shanghai to Hong Kong

27. Burj Khalifa

The tallest man-made structure
Location: Dubai

Height: 828 m

Storeys: 163

Construction began/completed:
21 Sept 2004 / 1 Oct 2009
Open: 4 Jan 2010

a Primary structural system:
reinforced concrete

333,000 m? concrete

55,000 tons of steel bar

oooooo

Architect and Structural Engineer: SOM

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28. LEVEL 7 TYPICAL HOTEL FLOOR PLAN

Y-shaped floor plan is adopted in order to maximise
the outward views and inward natural light

29. Construction of the
super-structure

30. (6) Other types of building structure
a Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, Wan Chai

31. a High-rise government public housing in Hong Kong (2/2)

+ The public housing in Hong Kong is developed by the government in
order to provide affordable housing for low-income residents.

° The rents and prices, which are heavily subsidised by the government,
are very significantly lower than those of private residential.

¢ Shek Kip Mei Estate is the first public housing estate in Hong Kong,
developed in 1953.

+ Allthe government public residential buildings are designed and
managed by the Hong Kong Housing Authority.

#3 Hong Kong Housing Authority

32. (7) Special structures designed by Hong Kong engineers
a Beijing Olympic Projects

Architects: Herzog & de Meuron
Structural engineer: Ove Arup

33. Beijing Olympic Projects (cont’d)

Architect: PTW, Sydney
Structural engineer: Ove Arup

34. a CCTV Headquarters, Beijing

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Architect:

OMA / Ole Scheeren and Rem Koolhaas
Structural engineer:

Ove Arup

35. a Canton Tower, Guangzhou

Architect:
Information Based Architecture/
Mark Hemel & Barbara Kuit

Structural design/concept: Ove Arup

610 m

36. (8) Special structures designed by Hong Kong engineers
a Beijing Olympic Projects

Architects: Herzog & de Meuron
Structural engineer: Ove Arup

37. Beijing Olympic Projects (cont'd)

Architect: PTW, Sydney
Structural engineer: Ove Arup

38. CCTV Headquarters, Beijing

Architect:

OMA/ Ole Scheeren and Rem Koolhaas
Structural engineer:

Ove Arup

39. a Canton Tower, Guangzhou

610 m

Architect:
Information Based Architecture/
Mark Hemel & Barbara Kuit

Structural design/concept: Ove Arup

42. a Tsing Ma Bridge (Suspension bridge with 1377-m main span)

The world's longest span suspension bridge
carrying both road and railway traffic.

43. a Kap Shui Mun Bridge (Cable-stayed bridge)

Main span: 430 m

44. a Ting Kau Bridge
(1177-m long cable-stayed bridge)

A, Won Lang aná Ca

Fo an Road
ana

LONGITUDINAL SECTION

45. a Stonecutter bridge Fp asa] Ase
(Cable-stayed bridge: main span 1018 m; total length 1596 m)

47. The site of Hong Kong International Airport at Chek Lap Kok

a It is a part of the Chek Lap Kok International Airport core programme and
the biggest infrastructure programme in Hong Kong's history costing
HKS160.2 billion.

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48. The proposed third runway

Problems:

a Aircraft movements are limited to 64 flights per hour for the two-runway
system. By now, aircraft movements has increased to 68 per hour.

a The proposed third-runway system

49. The proposed third runway (cont’d)

a Estimate the cost at HK$136.2 billion.
a Target to commission the three-runway system in 2023

Reclamation Footprint

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51. (1) Early development of Mass Transit Railway (MTR)

Q During the 1960s, British transportation consultants Freeman, Fox, Wilbur
Smith & Associates were appointed to study the transportation system of
Hong Kong, based on the projection of population of 6,868,000 for 1986.

a In 1970, a system known as “Preferred System” with four lines was laid out
and planned as part of the consultants’ new report “Hong Kong Mass Transit:
Further Studies”, including
(1) Kwun Tong Line: from Western Market to Ma Yau Tong
(2) Tsuen Wan Line: from Admiralty to Tsuen Wan
(3) Island Line: from Kennedy to Chai Wan Central
(4) Shatin Line: from Tsim Sha Tsui to Wo Liu Hang

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52. Early development of Mass Transit Railway (MTR) (cont’d)

1970 Hong Kong Mass Trans: Funter Suelos

"Preferred System" route map in 1970

53. (2) Current MTR system map

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june.

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54. (3) Further
extensions

55. a Express railway (high-speed rail) development

Be gee ee oe Ld
Shek Kong Stabling Sidings and
Emergency Rescue Sidings

Route of Guangzhou-
Shenzhen-Hong Kong,
Express Rail Link

57. (1)

Water consumption

Water consumption in Hong Kong is incredibly high

Year Fresh Water Daily Salt Water Daily Fresh Water Annual
Average (Mm?) Average (Mm?) Consumption (Mm?)

2011 2:53 0.74 923.35

2012 2.56 0.75 935.43

2013 2.56 0.76 932.78

2014 2.63 0.74 959.46

2015 2.66 0.75 972712.

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58. (2) Water supply

High Island Reservoir ($ EXA) Plover Cove Reservoir (45 33% 7k 34)
Capacity: 281.12 million m3 Capacity: 229.73 million m?

Shek Pik Reservoir (GE 7K38) Shing Mun Reservoir (3% F438)
Capacity: 24.46 million m? Capacity: 13.28 million m?

The capacity of impounding reservoirs in Hong Kong is about 586.05 million m?

59. Water supply (cont’d)

Hong Kong has few natural lakes and rivers,
inadequate groundwater sources, a high
population density, and extreme seasonable
variations in rainfall.

Providing an adequate water supply for
Hong Kong has always been difficult.

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60. Water supply (cont’d)

Q About 70% of water demand is met by importing water from the
Dongjiang River in neighbouring Guangdong province.

Shitong

Tangtouxia
Zhutang
Shaling,

Shangpu

Pipeline transporting water 60
from Dongjiang River

61. Water supply (cont’d)

Q Portable water is fully treated by chemical coagulation, flocculation,
sedimentation and filtration, etc.

Q There are 21 water treatment works in Hong Kong with a total output
capacity of 5 million m3/day.

Sha Tin Water Treatment Works

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62. o To equip solid theoretical and technical backgrounds
e To develop good communication skills
e To build your leadership capacity