2.1 Introduction-Health Manageme nt.pptx

introducction to health management

1. Unit-2: Fundamentals of Health Management Sajan Nagarkoti

2. 2.1- Introduction to Health Management

3. Definition of Management “Management is an art of getting things done through people” ( Mary Parker Follet ). “Management is knowing exactly what you want people to do, and then seeing that they do it in the best and the cheapest way” ( F.W. Taylor ). "Management is the process of getting activities completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people ” ( Stephen P. Robbins ).

4. Definition of Management Management is a set of activities ( including planning, decision making, organizing, leading and controlling) directed at the organization’s resources ( human, financial, physical and information), with the aim of achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner ( Griffin) . Management is distinct process consisting of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling performance to determine and accomplish the objective by the use of people and resources ( George R. Terry) .

5. Concept of Management Management is the efficient use of resources . Management is getting the people to the work harmoniously together and to make efficient use of resources to achieve objectives . Management provides the framework and basis for the system of controls needed to maintain any organization . Management is concerned with putting into action the policies and plans laid down by the administration.

6. Concept of Management Management can be studied through ; Process Concept People Concept System Concept

7. 1. Process Concept Process is a systematic way of doing things. The process concept regards management as function of Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling. Resources get utilized efficiency to accomplish goals effectively . This concept is easy to understand because managers perform these functions in all organization . It also recognize as the universal application of management all organizations need management function . Job are the focus of management under this concept.

8. 2. People Concept (Leadership Concept) This concept regards management as a process of getting the job done through people. It emphasizes leadership, communication, co-ordination , decision making . People are the focus of management in performing jobs under this concept . Human resources development for increasing the competencies of people is emphasized .

9. 3. System Concept (Integrative Concept) This concept regards management as a sub-system in the organization system. It involve; Co-coordinating resources towards efficient and effective accomplishment of goals. Relating the organization to external environment and responding to environment changes. Developing an organizational climate. Performing functions such as planning, implementing, controlling.

10. Management Hierarchy (Level) 1. Top Level Managers 2. Middle Level Managers 3. Lower Level Managers

11. 1. Top Level M anagers R esponsible for decision and establish policies . E.g.- Board person, CEO, MD, president, DG of Hospitals etc.

12. 2. Middle Level M anagers Largest group of managers in most organization . Subordinates to the top level managers . Implement strategies, policies and plans developed by top level managers . E.g.- Department managers, division head, Hospital Director etc.

13. 3. Lower Level Managers A lso called first line managers . Sub-ordinates to middle level managers . Responsible for implementation and control of operation plans. E.g.- Supervisor, section head like head of Radiography Department etc.

14. Effectiveness and Efficiency in Management

15. Effectiveness and Efficiency in Management Effectiveness is often described as “doing the right things” – that is, those work activities that will help the organization reach its goals . Effectiveness is also expressed as degree to which stated objective is achieved having rationality in background . Efficiency is- “ability to do things right ”. Efficiency refers to getting the most output from the least amount of inputs. Efficiency is concerned with the means of getting things done, effectiveness is concerned with the ends, or attainment of organizational goals .

16. Definition of Health Management “Health management is defined as “application of management methods and technologies/ techniques to improve the efficiency of healthcare delivery system so that the health services can be delivered to people efficiently” ( WHO ). “Health Management is a process with both interpersonal and technical health services organization are specified and accomplished by utilizing human and physical resources and technology” ( Beaufot Longest ).

17. Concept of Health Management Health management is just management in health sector . Health Management is a process of health planning, co-coordinating, motivating and controlling the efforts of community towards specific objectives .

18. Concept of Administration The term “Administration” is derived from Latin Words ‘Ad’ and ‘Ministaire’. ‘Ad’ means ‘to’ and ‘Ministaire’ means ‘serve or care’. It , thus, implies - to care - to serve - to look after, or - to manage affairs.

19. Administration Versus Management

20. Concept of Administration Administration is concerned with the determination of objectives and major plan and policies of an organization . Administration is the art and science of guidance, leadership and control of the efforts of the a group or individuals towards some common goal . Administration is also known as social science , which includes principles, technique and practices whose application to human groups permits establishment and maintenance of rational system of cooperative effort through which common goals are realized that would be impossible on an individual basis .

21. Basis for Comparison Administration Management Meaning The process of administering an organization by a group of people is known as the Administration. An organized way of managing people and things of a business organization is called the Management. Authority Top level Middle and Lower Level Role Decisive Executive Concerned with Policy formulation Policy Implementation Area of operation It has full control over the activities of the organization. It works under administration. Focus on Making best possible allocation of limited resources. Managing work.

22. Basis for Comparison Administration Management Applicable to Government offices, military, clubs, business enterprises, hospitals, religious and educational organizations. Profit making organizations, i.e. business organizations. Key Person Administrator Manager Represents Owners, who get a return on the capital invested by them. Employees, who work for remuneration Function Legislative and Determinative (Formative) Executive and Governing (Leading)

23. Principles of management Henry Fayol (1916) – Father of Modern Management – ‘Management Principles’ Fayol’s Principles of Management Also known as 14 Principles of Management

24. Principles of management Division of Work: It is important for the supervisor to divide his/her total work to subordinates so that s/he can most effectively supervise . Assignment of work should be clearly defined. Authority and Responsibility : Authority flows from responsibility. Authority is legitimate (valid) power. It is the right to give order. Responsibility is obligation (duty) to perform the work . Discipline : It is absolutely essential for smooth running of business or official work. It is obedience and respect for agreement.

25. Principles of management 4. Unity of Command: One employee one boss. This principle states that one employee should have only one boss. Multiple bosses weaken discipline, divide loyalty, create conflicts and undermine authority. 5. Unity of Direction: One head and one plan for a group of activities having the same objective. This principle is essential for co-ordination of efforts better use of resources and effective communication . 6. Subordination of individual interest to general interest: Interest of organization should be above the interest on individual. Personal goals should not conflict with organization goals.

26. Principles of management 7. Remuneration of Personnel Equal pay for equal work Differentials in remuneration should be based on job differential, in terms of Qualities of the employees Responsibility Working conditions Difficulty of the job 8. Centralization Centralization of authority Who is to issue orders and the areas of authority

27. Principles of management 9. Scalar Chain : All employee are linked with each other in a hierarchy or superior sub-ordinate relationship. 10. Order : means right person on the right job and everything in its proper place. Constant balance between human requirements and resources. 11. Equity : Sense of kindliness and justice throughout all level of scalar chain.

28. Principles of management 12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel A sense of reasonable job security Hiring and firing on the well-conceived personnel policies Initiative Focus on the ability, attitude and resourcefulness of the employees Initiatives from subordinates, encouragement from superiors

29. Principles of management Esprit de Corps Team spirit among employees: working together in close cooperation for the achievement of common goal.

30. Importance of management It helps in Achieving Group Goals: It directs group efforts towards achievement of pre-determined goals. By defining objective of organization clearly. There would be no wastage of time ,money and effort. Management converts disorganized resources of men , machines, money etc. into useful enterprise . Optimum Utilization of Resources: Management utilizes all the physical & human resources productively. This leads to efficacy in management. Management provides maximum utilization of scarce resources by selecting its best possible alternate use in industry from out of various uses.

31. Importance of management Reduces Costs: It gets maximum results through minimum input by proper planning and by using minimum input & getting maximum output. Management uses physical, human and financial resources in such a manner which results in best combination. This helps in cost reduction . Establishes Sound Organization: To establish sound organizational structure is one of the objective of management which is in tune with objective of organization and for fulfillment of this, it establishes effective authority & responsibility relationship.

32. Importance of management Establishes Equilibrium: A good management enables the organization to survive in changing environment. With the change is external environment , the initial coordination of organization must be changed. So it adapts organization to changing demand of market /changing needs of societies. It is responsible for growth and survival of organization . Essential for Prosperity of Society: Efficient management leads to better economical production which helps in turn to increase the welfare of people. Good management makes a difficult task easier by avoiding wastage of scarce resource. It improves standard of living. Which leads to prosperous society.

33. Functions of management Management is considered a continuing activity made up of basic management functions which are Planning, Organizing , Staffing, Directing and Controlling . But different experts has given different functions of management. They are given below:

34. Functions of management by different authors Henry Fayol (POCCC) Planning Organizing Commanding Co-ordination Controlling Koontz and Weihrich (POSLC) Planning Organizing Staffing Leading Controlling WHO has elucidated three main function of management as PIE P - Planning I - Implementation E - Evaluation Luther Gullik-1937 (POSD CORBE) Planning Organizing Staffing Directing Coordinating Recording/reporting Budgeting Evaluating We follow the functions provided by Luther Gullik

35. Functions of Management Planning , that is, working out in broad outline the things that need to be done and the methods for doing them to accomplish the purpose set for the enterprise ; Organizing , that is, the establishment of the formal structure of authority through which work sub-divisions are arranged, defined and coordinated for the defined objectives; Staffing , that is, the whole personnel function of bringing in and training the staff and maintaining favorable conditions of work;

36. Functions of Management 4. Directing , that is, the continuous task of making decisions and embodying them in specific and general orders and instructions as also serving as the leader of the enterprise ; 5. Coordinating , that is, the all important duty of interrelating the various parts of the work; 6. Reporting , that is, keeping those, to whom the executive is responsible, informed as to what is going on, which, thus, includes keeping himself and his subordinates informed through records, research and inspection;

37. Functions of Management 7. Budgeting , which includes all that goes with budgeting in the form of fiscal planning, accounting and control 8. Evaluating : which access the degree of achievement of predetermined goals

38.  THANK YOU 