2 Humanistic Personality for psycholgy.pptx

Humanistic personalaity expplaineed

1. Humanistic Theory Humans are the BEST!

2. Humanistic Humanistic Approach The  humanistic perspective  focuses on the positive image of what it means to be human. Humanist psychologists focus on personal responsibility, free will and the individual’s striving for personal growth and development. We start good and then we grow depending on our environment and decisions.

3. Humanistic Humanistic Approach Holism : Humanism believes psychology should study the whole person. Idiographic : Humanism believes psychology should study the individual case as people are unique. Humanism believes that experiments do not give genuine insights into human behaviour as they have low ecological validity

4. Humanistic Humanistic Approach Humanism believes that humans are unique and therefore should not be compared to other people or animals. Self- Actualisation : Humanism believes people have the need of being motivated by the wish to grow and fulfill their potential. Humanism believes people have free will to make their own decisions in life.

5. Personality

6. Humanistic Abraham Maslow Differentiated between Deficiency needs and Growth needs. Deficiency needs - are the bottom four levels in the hierarchy - these needs must be met or filled before other growth needs can take over Maslow believed deficiency needs must be met in order of the hierarchy – e.g. – physiological 1st, safety 2nd, etc.

7. Humanistic Abraham Maslow Growth needs or being needs – the highest motive in the hierarchy for human behavior. This motive takes over only when all other deficiency needs are met. Some growth needs that Maslow discussed are: - Truth , rather than dishonesty - Aliveness , not deadness or the mechanization of life - Uniqueness , not bland uniformity - Perfection and necessity , not sloppiness, inconsistency, or accident. - Justice and order , not injustice and lawlessness. - Simplicity , not unnecessary complexity. - Self-sufficiency , not dependency.

8. Humanistic Abraham Maslow "A musician must make music, an artist must paint, a poet must write, if he is to be at peace with himself. What a man can be, he must be. This is the need we may call self-actualization ... It refers to man's desire for fulfillment, namely to the tendency for him to become actually in what he is potentially: to become everything that one is capable of becoming ..." - Abraham Maslow

9. Humanistic Abraham Maslow Maslow’s Characteristics of Self-Actualizers: Reality focused and problem-centered The journey is often more important than the ends. They enjoy solitude , and are comfortable being alone.    Enjoy deeper personal relations with a few close friends and family members

10. Humanistic Abraham Maslow Maslow’s Characteristics of Self-Actualizers: They have a sense of humility and respect towards others They have a certain freshness of appreciation, an ability to see things , even ordinary things, with wonder . They are creative, inventive, and original .  Tend to have more peak experiences than the average person.  [A peak experience is one that takes you out of yourself, that makes you feel very tiny, or very large, to some extent one with life or nature]

11. Humanistic Humanistic Measurement Humanistic psychologists prefer qualitative methods Unstructured interviewing - This allows access to other people’s views and experiences without imposing on them the researcher’s ideas about what is important. Participant observation- This is where the researcher takes part in what the participants are studying in order to understand how their participants perceive it. Diaries, letters and biographical material - Humanistic psychologists may also analyse all sorts of other qualitative materials that allow them insight into how people understand their world.

12. Humanistic Strengths The humanistic approach emphasises important human motives, which had been ignored by many previous theorists. E.g. believing in concepts like self- actualisation for better self-esteem. It deals with major issues relating to our sense of ourselves and what we are trying to accomplish in life. It values the rights we deem every human individual needs for their psychological wellbeing.

13. Humanistic Weaknesses The strong reliance of people’s accounts of their experiences and thoughts means that processes lying below the level of conscious awareness are ignored. The contributions made by genetic factors and childhood experiences to personality development are also largely ignored.

14. Humanistic Weaknesses Some of the concepts in this approach (e.g. Maslow’s Self- Actualisation ) are hard to measure and therefore vague. Carl Rogers assumed that nearly everyone has a basically good nature, with problems and disturbances occurring due to particular experiences or influence by others. Many argue that such assumptions are too optimistic

15. Carl Rogers His theories emphasized the importance of the individual's subjective experience (based on personal feeling, tastes, opinions) and the therapeutic relationship between the therapist and the client.

16. Carl Rogers Person-centred therapy: Rogers believed that therapy should be client-centred, meaning that the therapist should focus on the client's subjective experience and help them to find their own solutions to their problems. This approach emphasizes empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness on the part of the therapist.

17. Carl Rogers Self-concept: Rogers believed that our self-concept, or the way we see ourselves, is a crucial part of our psychological well-being. He argued that people have an innate drive to develop a positive self-concept and that this drive can be thwarted by experiences of conditional positive regard from others.

18. Carl Rogers Incongruence: psychological problems arise when there is a discrepancy between a person's self-concept and their actual experiences . This incongruence can lead to feelings of anxiety, defensiveness, and even psychopathology.

19. Carl Rogers Fully-functioning person: Rogers believed that people have an innate drive to reach their full potential and become "fully-functioning" individuals. This involves being open to experience, living in the moment, and being in touch with one's feelings. Overall, Rogers' theories emphasized the importance of empathy, authenticity, and acceptance in both therapy and in life more generally.