2. nagarjuna sagar_visit__report

Hydro plant visit

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Report on Industrial visit

NAGARJUNA SAGAR HYDRO POWER PLANT

On
08th, 09th October, 2016

Web site: www.svtm.in

Submitted by

P.REDDAIAH ,
Assistant Professor,
DEPARTMENT OF EEE

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT


We take this opportunity to thank our principal Brig.Dr.V D Abraham for giving
permission along with all students .
We would like to express our special thanks to Head of the department
Sri.T.Muni Prakash for giving us an opportunity to go for an industrial visit.

Special thanks to P.Venkatesh for accompanying the students and guiding us during visit.

Our heartfelt gratitude also goes the faculty members of EEE dept. Who are along
with for us in the Industrial tour and allowing us to visit his industry and guiding us
through the various processes and machinery used?

Finally heartfelt gratitude to all our classmates for making this trip a memorable one.

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INTRODUCTION

Industrial visit is a visit to the industry before completing studies i.e. while you are studying in
order to understand the reality and get prepared for it.
The concept of industrial visit is so beneficial to the students as it provides a deep
understanding about the corporate world. It always helps us in planning if we know how it is going to
be once we reach there. A student’s life is very different from those who are working. The change
from a student’s routine to a routine of a working person is made easy when we know what the change
is and through this industrial visit WiseWe.com helps students to know the daily routine and the
responsibilities of a person in an industry.
In books, we read about ideas, thoughts and experiences of other men. The knowledge thus
acquired is theoretical. In today’s life, we cannot be successful with mere theoretical knowledge. We
must also know about the habits, manners and ways of living of the corporate world. We can learn
about them by coming in contact with them through these industrial visits. These visits take us from
the field of bookish knowledge to the field of practical knowledge, from the realm of imagination we
come down to reality. While visiting an industry, a student begins to develop initiative and drive.
These are the lessons far more valuable than other lessons of books. That education and experience is
good which make a student readily adjustable to changed circumstances. And we cannot acquire this
ability from books, we have to adjust ourselves to the new conditions in different situations we meet,
various new problems which may arise in our way, make us readily adjustable. This is the greatest
advantage of visiting an industry.
Hydroelectric power, or hydroelectricity, is basically electrical energy that has been generated using
natural forces such as gravity or flowing water. It's usually produced by dams, because dams can store
and direct large volumes of water. Hydroelectric power is becoming increasingly popular.
Dams can generate electricity because they contain special mechanisms designed to take the energy in
flowing water and turn it into electrical power. Hence we are decided to go visit the Nagarjuna Sagar
hydro power plant.

PURPOSE

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Nagarjunasagar Project is one of the Major Multipurpose river valley Projects in Andhra Pradesh,
across river KRISHNA. The work on the project was inaugurated in the year 1955.

The Project comprises of a Dam across River Krishna with two main canals taking off one on either
side, the Nagarjunasagar Right Main Canal to create Irrigation Potential in an extent of 4.75 Lakh
Hectares (11.737 lakh Acres) in Guntur and Prakasam Districts and the Nagarjunasagar Left Main
Canal to create Irrigation Potential in an area of 4.20 lakh Hectares (10.378 lakh Acres) in Nalgonda,
Khammam and Krishna Districts. The project has an installed capacity of 960 M.W. of seasonal
Hydro-Electric Power.

The work on N.S.Dam, Main Canals, and all Branch Canals and distributary system is completed,
except I.P.creation to an extent of 27441 Ha.( 67807 acres) and the same is being taken up under
Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme.

The main purpose of trip to Hydro power plant is
 To see real time operation of Hydro power plant
 How Does turbine works
 How does power generated
 How the water flow to turbine
 The substation at hydro plant

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DURATION

The duration of industrial tour is two days i.e from 8
th
october to 9
th
October 2016.But we started
journey on 07
th
October Friday night 9:30 PM to reach destination of a distance 800 kms. The bus
no is AP 03 1276 of Raman Tours and travels.

The schedule of tour and places covered as follows.

DATE TIME PLACE
07.10.2016 9:30 PM Started At Svtm
08.10.2016 11:00 AM Nagarjuna Sagar
08.10.2016 11:00 AM to 11:30 AM Break Fast
08.10.2016 11:30 AM to 1:30 PM Power plant visit
08.10.2016 1:30 PM to 2:00 PM Lunch
08.10.2016 2:00 PM to 4:00 PM Nagarjuna konda
08.10.2016 04:00 PM to 6:00 PM Nagarjuna Musium visit
08.10.2016 06:00 PM to 7:00 PM Refreshment
08.10.2016 07:00 PM to 05:00AM Rest
09.10.2016 06:00 AM to 9:00 AM Refresh and Break Fast
09.10.2016 09:00 AM to 11:00 AM Journey
09.10.2016 11:00 AM to 01:00 PM Ethipothala pathakam
09.10.2016 01:00 PM to 08:00AM Return Journey
10.10.2016 08:00AM Reached Svtm

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PARTICIPANTS

ACADEMIC YEAR 2016-17(IV-EEE, SEM-I)
SL.
NO
ROLL NO NAME OF THE STUDENT GENDER
1. 13W51A0204 BARRE PAVANI F
2. 13W51A0205 C HARISH M
3. 13W51A0207 C REDDY PRASAD M
4. 13W51A0208 GUNDLAPALLI GAYATHRI F
5. 13W51A0209 JANGA PRAVALLIKA F
6. 13W51A0210 JERIPITI VENKATESWARA M
7. 13W51A0212 KOTHAKOTA LATHA F
8. 13W51A0213 M RAJANI F
9. 13W51A0214 MALISETTY CHERAN TAJA M
10. 13W51A0215 MALLURU MADHAN KUMAR M
11. 13W51A0216 MULINTI SAI DIVYA F
12. 13W51A0217 N AJAY KUMAR M
13. 13W51A0219 POKALA PAVAN KUMAR M
14. 13W51A0220 POTTIGARI VENKATESH M
15. 13W51A0221 SALKA SANKAR GANESH M
16. 13W51A0222 SHAIK BAVAJAN M
17. 13W51A0223 SHAIK NAVAZ SHAREEF M
18. 14W55A0201 AFKHAN TAJUDDEEN KHAN M
19. 14W55A0202 C AVINASH REDDY M
20. 14W55A0203 CH DAMODAR REDDY M
21. 14W55A0204 D MADHUSUDHAN REDDY M
22. 14W55A0205 K VENKATESH M
23. 14W55A0206 KOKKANTI ASWINI F
24. 14W55A0207 K BHARATHASIMHA REDDY M
25. 14W55A0211 SYED AYESHA BHANU F
26. 14W55A0212 VADIGALA LAKSHMANNA M

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27. 14W55A0213 VADLA SAINATH M
28. 14W55A0214 YALLA BALAKRISHNA M

The following faculty members is going to accompany the students during the visit
SL.NO NAME OF THE FACULTY DESIGNATION CONTACT
NUMBER
1 Sri P REDDAIAH ASST.PROFFESSOR 8985894900
2 Smt K MALLESWARI ASST.PROFFESSOR 9703437185
3 Sri N.Himagiri ASST.PROFFESSOR 7382020720




LESSON LEARNT From
Nagarjuna sagar hydro power plant

Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, which is about 100 KM downstream of the river from Srisailam forms the lower
reservoir with a gross storage of 400.




Fig:The students and faculty
Fig:The Nagarjuna sagar dam

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Nagarjuna Sagar Dam was built across the Krishna river at Nagarjuna Sagar where the river
is forming boundary between Nalgonda District in Telangana and Guntur district In Andhra Pradesh
states in India. The construction duration of the dam was between the years of 1955 and 1967. The
dam created a water reservoir whose gross storage capacity is 11.472 billion cubic metres
(405.1×10
9
cu ft). The dam is 490 feet (150 m) tall from its deepest foundation and 0.99 miles
(1.6 km) long with 26 flood gates which are 42 feet (13 m) wide and 45 feet (14 m) tall. Nagarjuna
Sagar was the earliest in the series of large infrastructure projects termed as "modern temples" initiated
for achieving the Green Revolution in India. It is also one of the earliest multi-purpose irrigation and
hydro-electric projects in India. The dam provides irrigation water to the Prakasam, Guntur, Krishna,
Khammam, West Godavari and Nalgonda districts along with hydro electricity generation. Nagarjuna
Sagar dam is designed and constructed to utilise up to the last drop of water impounded in its reservoir
of 405 TMC gross storage capacity which is the second biggest water reservoir in India.
History
The proposal to construct a dam to use the excess waters of the Krishna river was planned by
the Nizam of Hyderabad and engaged British Engineers in 1903 to irrigate Telangana though the work
was never funded and made no progress. Since then, various competing sites in Siddeswaram and
Pulichintala were identified as the most suitable locations for the reservoirs.
The perseverance and logistics support of Raja Vasireddy Ramagopala Krishna Maheswar
Prasad paved way for the identification and selection of dam site. The Raja made a matching grant of
fifty two lakh Rupees (one hundred million British Pounds) and several thousand acres of ancestral
land for the construction of the dam. The dam was built with local know how under the able
engineering leadership of K.L. Rao a member of parliament from Vijayawada constituency.
Project construction was officially inaugurated by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on 10 December
1955 and proceeded for the next twelve years. The reservoir water was released into the left and right
bank canals by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1967. Construction of the hydropower plant followed,

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with generation increasing between 1978 and 1985, as additional units came into service. In the year
2015, diamond jubilee celebrations of project's inauguration was celebrated remembering the
prosperity the dam has ushered in the region.
The construction of the dam submerged an ancient Buddhist settlement, Nagarjunakonda, which was
the capital of the Ikshvaku dynasty in the 1st and 2nd centuries, the successors of the Satavahanas in
the Eastern Deccan. Excavations here had yielded 30 Buddhist monasteries, as well as art works and
inscriptions of great historical importance. In advance of the reservoir's flooding, monuments were
dug up and relocated. Some were moved to Nagarjunakonda, now an island in the middle of the
reservoir. Others were moved to the nearby mainland village called Anupu.



Data
Nagarjuna Sagar right Earth Dam
 Catchment Area : 214,185 km
2
(82,697 sq mi)
 Location of dam : Nandikonda
 Water spread area at FRL of dam : 285 km
2

 Masonry dam
 Spillway of dam : 471 m
 Non-over flow dam : 979 m
 Length of Masonry dam : 1450 m
 Maximum height : 125 m
 Capacity in TMC's : 157.61
 Earth dam
 Total Length of Earth dam : 3414 m
 Maximum height : 128 m
 Power Generation
Power Units : 1 No. conventional (110 MW capacity), 7 nos Reversible (100 MW capacity)
 Canal power house
 Right side : 3 units 30 MW (each)

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
Left side : 2 units 30 MW (each)


Tourism
Nagarjunasagar Dam is one of the popular weekend getaways from Hyderabad. Thousands of tourists
visit Nagarjunasagar when the dam gates are open in monsoon season (around September / October).
Hotel Vijay Vihar, operated by Telangana Tourism is one of the best places for accommodation in
Nagarjunasagar.
There are several other places around Nagarjunasagar that can be visited as a one-day trip from
Hyderabad.
 Nagarjunakonda - Has to be reached by a boat from boating point
 Anupu
 Ethipothala Falls - The water released from the NS right bank canal keeps the water fall live or
flowing.
Effect of the project:
Irrigation
The right canal (Jawahar canal) is 203 km (126 mi) long with maximum 311.5 cumecs capacity and
irrigates 1.117 million acres (4,520 km
2
) of land in Guntur and Prakasam districts. The left canal
(Lalbahadur Shastri canal) is 179 km (111 mi) long with maximum 311.5 cumecs capacity and
irrigates 1.008 million acres (4,080 km
2
) of land in Nalgonda, Krishna, West Godavari and Khammam
districts. The project transformed the economy of above districts. 54 villages (48 in Nalgonda and 6 in
Guntur) were submersed in water and 24000 people were affected. The relocation of the people was
completed by 2007.
Alimineti Madhava Reddy lift irrigation canal draws water from the Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir to
irrigate 0.37 million acres (1,500 km
2
) of land in Nalgonda district. This lift scheme with pump house
located near Puttamgandi village on the left bank of Krishna river also supplies nearly 20 TMC water
for the drinking water needs of Hyderabad city. Nearly 80% of the Nagarjuna Sagar water used in
Hyderabad city is available for irrigation use in Nalgonda district in the form of regenerated
water/treated sewage water. In addition, the high level flood flow canal drawing water from the left
side shore of the reservoir also supplies irrigation water in Nalgonda district.

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POWER GENERATION



The hydroelectric plant has a power generation capacity of 815.6 MW with 8 units (1x110
MW+7x100.8 MW). First unit was commissioned on 7 March 1978 and 8th unit on 24 December
1985. The right canal plant has a power generation capacity of 90 megawatts (120,000 hp) with 3 units
of 30 megawatts (40,000 hp) each. The left canal plant has a power generation capacity of 60
megawatts (80,000 hp) with 2 units of 30 MW each. The tail pond is under advanced stage of
construction to put to use the pumped storage features of 7 x 100.8 MW units.
Many times, it happens that power generation from the 150 MW canal based units is not optimised
when the Nagarjunasagar reservoir is overflowing on its spillway and very less water is required for
irrigation from the canals during the monsoon floods. Power generation from canal based hydro units
can be optimised by running these units during the flooding period by releasing the water fully into the
canals. The unwanted canal water can be released into the natural stream when it is crossing the major
stream. Thus run off power can be generated from the water going down unutilised into the river by
the canal based power units also.
The water level in the Nagarjunasagar reservoir shall be maintained above the minimum level required
for these units in most of the time by releasing water from the upstream Srisailam reservoir to optimise
the power generation from the canal based units during dry season.
Types of Hydro Turbines:
– Impulse turbines: Pelton Wheel and Cross Flow Turbines

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– Reaction turbines : Kaplan Turbine and Francis Turbines
Pelton Wheel : Nozzles direct forceful streams of water against a series of spoon-shaped
buckets mounted around the edge of a wheel. Each bucket reverses the flow of water and this
impulse spins the turbine.

Fig:Pelton wheel Fig : Plant Substation
Ethipothala Falls
On next day we visit the ETHIPOTHALA FALLS.


Ethipothala Falls is a 70 feet (21 m) high river cascade, situated in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh
India. Located on the Chandravanka river, which is a tributary of River Krishna joining on its right
bank. The waterfall is a combination of three streams namely Chandravanka Vagu, Nakkala Vagu and
Tummala Vagu. It is situated about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from Nagarjuna Sagar Dam.
[1]
The river
then joins the Krishna river after the dam after travelling about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the falls. A

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strategic view point was created by Andhra Pradesh Tourism Department from the adjacent hillock.
There are Ranganatha and Dattatreya temples in the vicinity. There is a crocodile breeding centre in
the pond formed by the water fall. Water from the Nagarjuna Sagar right bank canal is released in to
the above streams to keep the water fall alive or flowing throughout the year for tourism purpose.

Meaning of Ethipothala
The etymology - name of the falls Ethipothala is derived from "eththi", and "potha" Telugu Language
means to "lift and pour". Alternatively it could also have been possibly derived from "eththu" (1.noun
form of the verb eththi - 'lifting', and 2.also the great height from which the water falls) and "potha",
meaning the downpour as in kundapotha, connoting the downpour of water from a great height.
Incidentally the word ethipothala is also a terminology coined in Telugu for Lift Irrigation. It is a
misnomer for the people assume that "Ethipothala Falls" are part of Lift Irrigation Scheme. As far as
"Ethipothala Falls" are concerned it has nothing to do with Government's "Ethipothala Padhakam".

The reasons for this confusion are because
- The administration and media in AP widely use the term "Ethipothala Padhakam" to refer to Lift
Irrigation Scheme (LIS).
- Both terms are related to water bodies like rivers, falls, canals etc.
- There is a Major Irrigation Project Nagarjuna Sagar located very nearby Ethipothala Falls. This gives
a scope for people to assume that these falls are part of that project, though that project does not do
any activity of LIS.

There are two popular things which are referred to as "Ethipothala" in Andhra Pradesh state.
 Ethipothala Padhakam: This is Government's Lift Irrigation Scheme (LIS).
[2]
The
administration and media in Andhra Pradesh translate "Lift Irrigation Scheme" from English in to
Telugu as "Ethipothala Padhakam"
 Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, which is about 100 KM downstream of the river from Srisailam forms
the lower reservoir with a gross storage of 400.

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Fig:The students and faculty
Fig:The Nagarjuna sagar dam





FEED BACK FROM STUDENTS :
Tajuddeen khan: The first sight of the Dam is amazing. The size is daunting and enough
to leave us amazed. The faculty done a fantastic job of maintaining the place. Its clean,
well-maintained and well-managed. A boat-ride to the island takes around 45 mins.
There are specific timings for these rides. Last one leaves at 1:30pm. We took the 11:30
am ride to the island. Although the sun was extremely harsh that day but still the breeze is cool. A
45 minute boat ride later, we reached this island.

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Balakrishna:I Feel it’s a wonderful trip. It,s a very Interesting place, my friends and I am
enjoyed and learn a lot... Nagarjuna Sagar dam was built accross Kirshna rivar. It is one
of civil engineering marvel. It has so many picturesque locations for nature lovers. It's
reservoir has made largest man-made lake. In the middle of this lake, one can find island
called Nagarjua Konda, which is largest and most important buddhist centre in South India.

Sankar ganesh:A Beautiful journey with my friends , I enjoyed a lot... I rate the
location and facilities at this hotel are excellent. But the restaurant provides you
restricted menu of your choice. You have to plan for your dinner and lunch at hotel.
Otherwise you will have to spend the day starved.

K.Latha: It’s a nice place, simply it’s super... it is very relaxing. Mind you, the lack
of crowds will be an added bonus and the experience can be ethereal. Driving down
from Hyderabad will be ideal and recommended.

CH.Damodhar Reddy :We learnt so many practical thing in visit, how the actual
turbine develops the power and how substation accessories work. it is very relaxing.
Mind you, the lack of crowds will be an added bonus and the experience can be
ethereal. Driving down from Hyderabad will be ideal and recommended. But the
negative thing is the Travels provided very bad bus.

M Sai divya : It,s a very Interesting place, my friends and I am enjoyed and learn a
lot... Nagarjuna Sagar dam was built accross Kirshna rivar. It is one of civil engineering
marvel. It has so many picturesque locations for nature lovers. The Shipping to Nandi
Konda and travelling in boat is memorable days in my life.

V.Sainath: The Bus is the problem because of low spped we reached the Nagarjuna
sagar very late at 11 :30 Am instead of 7 Am . 11 kms from the Nagarjunasagar Dam

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are the Ethipothala Waterfalls on the Chadravanka river, a tributary of the Krishna. In
absolutely scenic surroundings, you can marvel at the shimmering water as it cascades
down 70 feet into a lagoon.

Iam M.Rajani bearing roll No: 13W51A0213, The trip is so well and positively i can
say that its so intresting to visit the dam and power plant. Lot of inconvenience faced in
bus because of long journey .The sagar dam and Nagarjuna museum is well attractive ,
we enjoyed alot at water falls.

Iam K. Bharatha Simha Reddy, the trip was so nice and cool, we learnt so many
things practically in power plant , the instructor explaind well about all 8 units in plant.


CONCLUSION
By the end of the visit we conclude that Hydropower is important from an operational
standpoint. Hydropower can increase or decrease the amount of power it is supplying to the system
almost instantly to meet shifting demand. With this important load-following capability, peaking
capacity and voltage stability attributes, hydropower plays a significant part in ensuring reliable
electricity service and in meeting customer needs in a market driven industry. In addition,
hydroelectric pumped storage facilities are the only significant way currently available to store
electricity. Overall, this industrial tour, not only share the technical knowledge but also gave the
happiness to each and every students and their hearts filled with beautiful memories.