2.-Skeletal-System human anatomyand.pptx

Skeletal

1. Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Seventh Edition Elaine N. Marieb The Skeletal System

2. The Skeletal System Slide 5.1 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Parts of the skeletal system Bones (skeleton) Joints Cartilages Ligaments Divided into two divisions Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton

3. Functions of Bones Slide 5.2 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Support of the body Protection of soft organs Movement due to attached skeletal muscles Storage of minerals and fats Blood cell formation

4. Bones of the Human Body Slide 5.3 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The skeleton has 206 bones Two basic types of bone tissue Compact bone Homogeneous Spongy bone Small needle-like pieces of bone Many open spaces Figure 5.2b

5. Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shape Slide 5.4c Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.1

6. Classification of Bones Slide 5.4a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Long bones Typically longer than wide Have a shaft with heads at both ends Contain mostly compact bone Examples: Femur, humerus

7. Classification of Bones Slide 5.4b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Short bones Generally cube-shape Contain mostly spongy bone Examples: Carpals, tarsals

8. Classification of Bones Slide 5.5a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Flat bones Thin and flattened Usually curved Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum

9. Classification of Bones Slide 5.5b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Irregular bones Irregular shape Do not fit into other bone classification categories Example: Vertebrae and hip

10. Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone Slide 5.6 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Diaphysis Shaft Composed of compact bone Epiphysis Ends of the bone Composed mostly of spongy bone Figure 5.2a

11. Structures of a Long Bone Slide 5.7 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Periosteum Outside covering of the diaphysis Fibrous connective tissue membrane Sharpey’s fibers Secure periosteum to underlying bone Arteries Supply bone cells with nutrients Figure 5.2c

12. Structures of a Long Bone Slide 5.8a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Articular cartilage Covers the external surface of the epiphyses Made of hyaline cartilage Decreases friction at joint surfaces Figure 5.2a

13. Structures of a Long Bone Slide 5.8b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Medullary cavity Cavity of the shaft Contains yellow marrow (mostly fat) in adults Contains red marrow (for blood cell formation) in infants Figure 5.2a

14. Bone Markings Slide 5.9 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Surface features of bones Sites of attachments for muscles, tendons, and ligaments Passages for nerves and blood vessels Categories of bone markings Projections and processes – grow out from the bone surface Depressions or cavities – indentations

15. Bone Markings Table 5.1 (1 of 2)

16. Bone Markings Table 5.1 (2 of 2)

17. Bone Markings Table 5.1 (2 of 2)

18. Microscopic Anatomy of Bone Slide 5.10a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Osteon (Haversian System) A unit of bone Central (Haversian) canal Opening in the center of an osteon Carries blood vessels and nerves Perforating ( Volkman’s ) canal Canal perpendicular to the central canal Carries blood vessels and nerves

19. Microscopic Anatomy of Bone Slide 5.10b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.3

20. Microscopic Anatomy of Bone Slide 5.11a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lacunae Cavities containing bone cells (osteocytes) Arranged in concentric rings Lamellae Rings around the central canal Sites of lacunae Figure 5.3

21. Microscopic Anatomy of Bone Slide 5.11b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Canaliculi Tiny canals Radiate from the central canal to lacunae Form a transport system Figure 5.3

22. Changes in the Human Skeleton Slide 5.12 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings In embryos, the skeleton is primarily hyaline cartilage During development, much of this cartilage is replaced by bone Cartilage remains in isolated areas Bridge of the nose Parts of ribs Joints

23. Types of Ossification The first type is intramembranous ossification , in which dense connective tissue membranes are replaced by deposits of inorganic calcium salts, thus forming bone. The membrane itself will eventually become the periosteum of the mature bone. Underneath the periosteum will be compact bone with an inner core of spongy or cancellous bone. Only the bones of the cranium or skull form by this process.

24. Because complete ossification in this way does not occur until a few months after birth, one can feel these membranes on the top of a baby’s skull as the soft spot or fontanelle (fontah- NELL ). This allows the baby’s skull to move slightly as it moves through the birth canal.

25. The other bones of the body are formed by the second process called endochondral (en-doh- KON -dral) ossification This is the process in which cartilage is the environment in which the bone cells develop (endo = inside, chondro = cartilage). As the organic matrix becomes synthesized, the osteoblast becomes completely surrounded by the bone matrix and develops into a mature bone cell or osteocyte. Both types of ossification result in compact and cancellous bone.

26. Bone Growth Slide 5.13a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Epiphyseal plates allow for growth of long bone during childhood New cartilage is continuously formed Older cartilage becomes ossified Cartilage is broken down Bone replaces cartilage

27. Bone Growth Slide 5.13b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones are remodeled and lengthened until growth stops Bones change shape somewhat Bones grow in width

28. Long Bone Formation and Growth Slide 5.14a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.4a

29. Long Bone Formation and Growth Slide 5.14b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.4b

30. Types of Bone Cells Slide 5.15 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Osteocytes Mature bone cells Osteoblasts Bone-forming cells Osteoclasts Bone-destroying cells Break down bone matrix for remodeling and release of calcium Bone remodeling is a process by both osteoblasts and osteoclasts

31. Bone Fractures Slide 5.16 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings A break in a bone Types of bone fractures Closed (simple) fracture – break that does not penetrate the skin Open (compound) fracture – broken bone penetrates through the skin Bone fractures are treated by reduction and immobilization Realignment of the bone

32. Common Types of Fractures Slide 5.17 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 5.2

33. What is the most commonly fractured bone? Clavicle What part of the clavicle is most commonly fractured? Middle-third segment

34. Repair of Bone Fractures Slide 5.18 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hematoma (blood-filled swelling) is formed Break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a callus Fibrocartilage callus is replaced by a bony callus Bony callus is remodeled to form a permanent patch

35. Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Slide 5.19 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.5

36. The Axial Skeleton Slide 5.20a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Forms the longitudinal part of the body Composed of the: Skull ( cranium and facial bones) Hyoid bone Vertebral column (vertebrae and disks) Bony thorax (ribs and sternum)

37. The Axial Skeleton Slide 5.20b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.6

38. The Skull- bony framework of the head Slide 5.21a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Two sets of bones Cranium Facial bones Bones are joined by sutures Only the mandible is attached by a freely movable joint

39. Cranium- rounded chamber that encloses the brain - composed of 8 distinct cranial bones Frontal bone- forms the forehead 2 parietal bones- form most of the top and sidewalls of the cranium 2 temporal bones- form part of the sides and some of the base of the skull Ethmoid bone- a light, fragile bone located between the eyes

40. Sphenoid bone- when seen from above resembles a bat with its wings extended - forms the base of the cranium behind the eyes Occipital bone- forms the back and a part of the base of the skull Foramen magnum- located at the base of the occipital bone - large opening through which the spinal cord communicates with the brain

41. Foramen Magnum Hypoglossal canal Jugular Foramen

42. Facial Bones- composed of 14 bones Mandible(lower jaw bone) - largest and strongest bone of the face - the only movable bone of the skull 2 maxillae - fuse in the midline to form the upper jaw bone 2 zygomatic bone- form the prominences of the cheek

43. 2 slender nasal bones- forms the bridge of the nose 2 lacrimal bones- lie near the inside corner of the eye in the front part of the medial wall of the orbital cavity Vomer- shaped like the blade of the plow - forms the lower part of the nasal septum

44. Paired palatine bones- form the back part of the hard palate 2 inferior nasal conchae- extend horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavities

45. The Skull Slide 5.21b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.7

46. Bones of the Skull Slide 5.22 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.11

47. Human Skull, Superior View Slide 5.23 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.8

48. Human Skull, Inferior View Slide 5.24 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.9

49. Temporomandibular joint Each ramus of the mandible has a posterior condylar process that articulates with the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone to form the TMJ

50. Paranasal Sinuses Slide 5.25a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity Figure 5.10

51. Paranasal Sinuses Slide 5.25b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Functions of paranasal sinuses Lighten the skull Give resonance and amplification to voice Figure 5.10

52. Sutures of the Skull 1. Coronal suture - articulates the frontal bone with the two parietal bones. 2. Sagittal suture - articulates the two parietal bones. 3. Squamous ( squamoparietal ) suture - articulates the parietal bone and the squamous part of the temporal bone. 4. Lambdoid suture - articulates the two parietal bones with the occipital bone.

53. Junctions of the cranial sutures a. Lambda - Intersection of the lambdoid and sagittal sutures. b. Bregma - Intersection of the sagittal and coronal sutures. c. Pterion – the junction of the frontal, parietal, and temporal bones and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. d. Asterion - at the junction of the parietal, occipital, and temporal (mastoid part) bones. e. Nasion -a point on the middle of the nasofrontal suture (intersection of the frontal and two nasal bones). f. Inion - most prominent point of the external occipital protuberance, which is used as a fixed point in craniometry.

54. What is the weakest point of the skull? Pterion What happens to the anterior and posterior fontanelles? Anterior fontanelle – close at 18-24 mo – bregma Posterior fontanelle – close at 2 mo - lambda

55. The Hyoid Bone Slide 5.26 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The only bone that does not articulate with another bone Serves as a moveable base for the tongue Figure 5.12

56. The Fetal Skull Slide 5.27a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The fetal skull is large compared to the infants total body length Figure 5.13

57. The Fetal Skull Slide 5.27b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fontanelles – fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones Allow the brain to grow Convert to bone within 24 months after birth Figure 5.13

58. The Vertebral Column Slide 5.28 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs The spine has a normal curvature Each vertebrae is given a name according to its location Figure 5.14

59. Bones of the Vertebral Column: Cervical vertebrae= 7 Located in the neck Atlas - 1 st vertebra, supports the head, when one nods the head, the skull rocks on the atlas Axis- the second cervical vertebra - serves as a pivot when the head is turned

60. Thoracic vertebrae= 12 - located in the chest Lumbar vertebrae= 5 Sacral vertebrae -5 separate bones in the child, fuse to form single bone called Sacrum in the adult

61. Coccyx(tail bone) -consists of four or five tiny bones in the child -these fuse to form a single bone in the adult

62. Atlanto -axial joint The articulation formed between the anterior arch of the atlas (C1) and dens of the axis (C2), and between their articular facets

63. Structure of a Typical Vertebrae Slide 5.29 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.16

64. Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae

65. Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae Slide 5.30a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.17a, b

66. Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae Slide 5.30b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.17c, d

67. Normal Curvatures of the Spine Primary curvatures Spinal curvatures of the thoracic and sacral regions Present from birth Secondary curvatures Spinal curvatures of the cervical and lumbar regions Develop after birth

68. The Bony Thorax Slide 5.31a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Forms a cage to protect major organs Figure 5.19a

69. The Bony Thorax Slide 5.31b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Made-up of three parts Sternum Ribs-12 pairs Thoracic vertebrae Figure 5.19a

70. Manubrium- top portion of the sternum Xiphoid process- lower end of the sternum - used as landmark for CPR

71. Classification of Ribs: -12 ribs on each side True ribs -1 st 7 pairs False ribs -the remaining 5 pairs 8 th ,9 th ,10 th pairs Last 2 pairs( floating ribs )

72. Which ribs articulate with the sternum? None Which rib is located by using the Angle of Louis? 2 nd rib

73. The Appendicular Skeleton Slide 5.32a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Limbs (appendages) Pectoral girdle Pelvic girdle

74. The Appendicular Skeleton Slide 5.32b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.6c

75. The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle Slide 5.33 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Composed of two bones Clavicle – collarbone Scapula – shoulder blade These bones allow the upper limb to have exceptionally free movement

76. Bones of the Shoulder Girdle Slide 5.34a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.20a, b

77. Bones of the Shoulder Girdle Slide 5.34b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.20c, d

78. Sternoclavicular joint Lateral to the suprasternal notch are clavicular notches that articulate with the medial ends of the clavicles to form the sternoclavicular joints

79. Acromioclavicular joint The broad, flat, lateral end, the acromial end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula to form the acromioclavicular joint

80. Bones of the Upper Limb Slide 5.35a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The arm is formed by a single bone Humerus(arm bone) Figure 5.21a, b

81. Glenohumeral joint Inferior to the acromion is a shallow depression, the glenoid cavity, that accepts the head of the humerus (arm bone) to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

82. Bones of the Upper Limb Slide 5.35b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The forearm has two bones Ulna-lies on the medial side, in line with the little finger Radius-lateral side -above the thumb Figure 5.21c

83. Elbow joint The ulna and radius articulate with the humerus at the elbow joint. The articulation occurs in two places: where the head of the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus, and where the trochlear notch of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.

84. Bones of the Upper Limb Slide 5.36 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The hand Carpals – wrist -has 8 small carpal bones Metacarpals-palm -5 metacarpal bone 14Phalanges or finger bones in each hand Figure 5.22

85. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle Slide 5.37 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hip bones Composed of three pair of fused bones Ilium-forms the upper flared portion Ischium-lowest & strongest, the “sit down” bone ischial spine- at the back of the pelvic outlet - reference point during childbirth to indicate the progress of the presenting part down the birth canal Pubic bone- fuse anteriorly to form a cartilagenous joint, the pubic symphysis

86. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle The total weight of the upper body rests on the pelvis Protects several organs Reproductive organs Urinary bladder Part of the large intestine

87. The Pelvis Slide 5.38a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.23a

88. The Pelvis Slide 5.38b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.23b

89. Gender Differences of the Pelvis Slide 5.39 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.23c

90. Bones of the Lower Limbs Slide 5.40a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The thigh has one bone Femur – thigh bone Patella- kneecap Figure 5.35a, b

91. Hip joint The acetabulum of the hip bone and head of the femur articulate to form the hip joint

92. Bones of the Lower Limbs Slide 5.40b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The leg has two bones Tibia- larger, medially, weight bearing bone Fibula- lateral, slender Figure 5.35c

93. Tibiofemoral (Knee) Joint The proximal end of the tibia is expanded into a lateral condyle and a medial condyle. These articulate with the condyles of the femur to form the lateral and medial tibiofemoral (knee) joints.

94. Which bone of the lower limb is not weight-bearing? Fibula Which bone is a commonly used in bone grafting? Fibula

95. Bones of the Lower Limbs Slide 5.41 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The foot Tarsal bones=7 Metatarsals (5) – sole Phalanges(14) – toes Figure 5.25

96. What is largest and strongest tarsal bone? Calcaneus What is the most superior tarsal bone? Talus

97. Talocrural (Ankle) Joint The talus is the only bone of the foot that articulates with the fibula and tibia. It articulates on one side with the medial malleolus of the tibia and on the other side with the lateral malleolus of the fibula. These articulations form the talocrural (ankle) joint.

98. Arches of the Foot Slide 5.42 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones of the foot are arranged to form three strong arches Two longitudinal One transverse Figure 5.26

99. Joints- also called articulations Slide 5.43 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Functions of joints Hold bones together Allow for mobility Ways joints are classified Functionally Structurally

100. Functional Classification of Joints Slide 5.44 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Synarthroses – immovable joints Amphiarthroses – slightly moveable joints Diarthroses – freely moveable joints

101. Structural Classification of Joints Slide 5.45 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fibrous joints Generally immovable Cartilaginous joints Immovable or slightly moveable Synovial joints Freely moveable

102. Fibrous Joints Slide 5.46 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones united by fibrous tissue Examples Sutures Syndesmoses Allows more movement than sutures Example: distal end of tibia and fibula Figure 5.27d, e

103. Cartilaginous Joints Slide 5.47 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones connected by cartilage Examples Pubic symphysis Intervertebral joints Figure 5.27b, c

104. Synovial Joints Slide 5.48 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Articulating bones are separated by a joint cavity Synovial fluid is found in the joint cavity Figure 5.27f–h

105. Features of Synovial Joints Slide 5.49 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) covers the ends of bones Joint surfaces are enclosed by a fibrous articular capsule Have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid Ligaments reinforce the joint

106. Structures Associated with the Synovial Joint Slide 5.50 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bursae – flattened fibrous sacs Lined with synovial membranes Filled with synovial fluid Not actually part of the joint Tendon sheath Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon

107. The Synovial Joint Slide 5.51 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.28

108. Types of Synovial Joint Based on Shape

109. Types of Synovial Joint Based on Shape Plane joint- articular surfaces are flat - only short gliding movements are allowed - movements are nonaxial- gliding does not involve rotation around any axis ex. Intercarpal joints of the wrist

110. Hinge joint- permits only back and forth movements - cylindrical end of one bone fits into though- shaped surface on another bone - uniaxial( allow movement around one axis only) ex. Elbow joint, ankle joint, joints between phalanges of the finger, knee joint

111. Pivot joint- the rounded end of one bone fits into a sleeve or ring of bone - uniaxial (can turn only around its long axis) ex. Proximal radioulnar joint, atlanto -axial joint

112. Condylar joint (knuckle-like) - the egg-shaped articular surface of one bone fits into an oval concavity in another - allow moving bone to travel from side to side and back and forth, but cannot rotate around its long axis - biaxial ex. Knuckle (metacarpophalangeal) joints

113. Saddle joints- each articular surface has both convex and concave areas - biaxial ex. Carpometacarpal joints in the thumb

114. Ball-and-socket joint - the spherical head of one bone fits into a round socket in another - multiaxial joints (allow movement in all axes including rotation) - the most freely moving synovial joints ex. Shoulder, hip

115. Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape Slide 5.52a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.29a–c

116. Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape Slide 5.52b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.29d–f

117. Inflammatory Conditions Associated with Joints Slide 5.53 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bursitis – inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction Tendonitis – inflammation of tendon sheaths Arthritis – inflammatory or degenerative diseases of joints Over 100 different types The most widespread crippling disease in the United States

118. Clinical Forms of Arthritis Slide 5.54a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Osteoarthritis Most common chronic arthritis Probably related to normal aging processes Rheumatoid arthritis An autoimmune disease – the immune system attacks the joints Symptoms begin with bilateral inflammation of certain joints Often leads to deformities

119. Clinical Forms of Arthritis Slide 5.54b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Gouty Arthritis Inflammation of joints is caused by a deposition of urate crystals from the blood Can usually be controlled with diet