OVERVIEW OF NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER
Lung cancer is the most
common cancer and the
leading cause of cancer
death globally
1
In Malaysia, lung cancer is the
second most common cancer
and the most common cause
of cancer-related deaths
2
1
CANCER 2
CANCER
A chest infection slow to
clear up, even after antibiotics
A cough that does not go away Repeated bouts of
pneumonia or bronchitis
Shortness of breath or wheezing Coughing up bloodPain in the chest, shoulder, or back
unrelated to pain from coughing
Hoarseness or
a changing voice
A change in colour
or volume of sputum
Symptoms of Lung Cancer
3
Stages of Lung Cancer
5
2
main types of
lung cancer
3,4 2
main types
of NSCLC
Non-Small Cell Lung
Cancer (NSCLC)
Subgroup of Lung Neuro
Endocrine Tumours
(NETS) 20-25%
of all lung cancers are NSCLC
85
%
15
% 1
2
1
2
3
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell
carcinoma
Lung cancer is staged on a scale I to IV according to the severity of disease.
Stage refers to the extent of spread and is defned by the size and location of the
tumour, whether lymph nodes are involved or if the cancer has spread elsewhere
via the bloodstream or lymphatic system by a process known as metastasis.
Staging is important for doctors to determine the most appropriate treatment
options for the patient and this determines their prognosis (outcome).
5
Carcinoids (1-3%)
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) 3%
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) 15-20%
Locally advanced
Stage III
Cancer has spread
throughout body
Stage IVStage IIStage I
Treatment Options
7
References: 1. WHO. Cancer. 12 September 2018. Available at:https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer. Accessed March 25, 2019. 2. Source: A Review of Lung Cancer Research in Malaysia, Med J
Malaysia 2016; NCR 2007-2011. 3. Immunotherapy for lung cancer. Immunotherapy.hk 2019. Available at: https://www.immunotherapy.hk/en/understanding-lung-cancer. Accessed March 25, 2019. 4. Types and Staging
of Lung Cancer. Lung Cancer 101. Lungcancer.org, USA 2019. Available at:https://www.lungcancer.org/fnd_information/publications/163-lung_cancer_101/268-types_and_staging. Accessed March 25, 2019. 5. Cancer
Research UK. Stage 3. Available at http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/lung-cancer/stages-types-grades/stage-3/. Accessed March 11, 2019. 6. Detterbeck FC, et al. Chest. 2017;151:193–203; 2. Goldstraw P,
et al. J Thorac Oncol. 2016;11:39–51. 7. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Version 3.2019. Available at https://www.nccn.org/
professionals/physician_gls/pdf/nscl.pdf. Accessed April 3, 2019. 8. NICE. The diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer (update). Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg121/evidence/full-guideline-181636957.
Accessed August 2018. 9. ProvencioM, et al. Inoperable stage III non-small cell lung cancer: current treatment and role of vinorelbine. J ThoracDis. 2011;3:197-204. 10. Stinchcombe,T. et al. Combined Modality Therapy for
Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. The Oncologist. 2006;11(8):958. 11. Johnson DH. Locally advanced, unresectablenon-small cell lung cancer: new treatment strategies. Chest. 2000;117:123S-126S.
Targeted therapy
Targeted therapy is recommended
frst line for patients with appropriate
biomarkers that indicate drug
sensitising mutations (eg. EGFR, ALK,
ROS-1 etc)
In patients with biomarkers, targeted
therapy such as tyrosine kinase
inhibitors (TKIs) aim to shrink the
tumour and may improve quality of
life and prolong survival.
7
Chemotherapy
Doublet chemotherapy regimens
are recommended in frst line for
patients with NSCLC and
negative or unknown test results
for molecular biomarkers, and
with negative PD-L1 expression
with PS0-2.
7
May be given as maintenance
therapy after responsive or stable
disease after frst-line systemic
therapy.
7
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy is recommended
frst line in patients with
metastatic NSCLC with PD-L1
(>50%) and negative EGFR, ALK,
ROS1 status.
Immunotherapy in combination
with chemotherapy is also a
recommended option for all
patients regardless of PD-L1
score.
7
Adapted from NCCN Guidelines
Stage IV
7
Produced by Lung Cancer Network Malaysia with support from AstraZeneca Malaysia.
Local Therapy
Some patients with limited number of metastases (oligometastases) can
beneft from intensive local therapy (e.g. SBRT/ SABR, cryotherapy,
microwave therapy, surgery) which may improve disease control and
prolong survival. Additionally uncontrolled, painful or symptomatic
metastases may beneft from radiotherapy which can improve quality of life
and disease control.
7
Summary
Optimal treatment and outcome for
any lung cancer patient requires
careful evaluation by a multi
disciplinary team of medical
specialists to establish a diagnosis
and accurate staging. Treatment
often requires a multi-modality
approach and all patients require
regular surveillance post therapy.
SCAN HERE
8th edition IASLC
classifcation system
6
T/M
T1
T2
T3
T4
M1
Label
T1a
T1b
T1c
T2a
T2b
T3
T4
M1a
M1b
M1c
N0
IA1
IA2
IA3
IB
IIA
IIB
IIIA
IVA
IVA
IVB
N1
IIB
IIB
IIB
IIB
IIB
IIIA
IIIA
IVA
IVA
IVB
N2
IIIA
IIIA
IIIA
IIIA
IIIA
IIIB
IIIB
IVA
IVA
IVB
N3
IIIB
IIIB
IIIB
IIIB
IIIB
IIIC
IIIC
IVA
IVA
IVBTNM = tumour, lymph nodes, metastasis