20240508-M1-Aplikasi Pengendalian Korosi di Industri.pptx

Penanggulangan korosi di indutri

1. Aplikasi Pengendalian Korosi di Industri By Larasanto - @2024 1 Departemen Teknik Kimia FTUB - Malang

2. Practice Summary: Korosi adalah degradasi ( perusakan atau penurunan kwalitas ) material akibat interaksi dengan lingkungan Untuk logam reaksinya disebut reaksi elektrokimia Untuk non logam disebut degradasi / pelapukan Corrosion is the deterioration of a material, usually a metal, because of a reaction its environment. This definition is very broad and recognizes that materials, other than steel, such as concrete, wood, and plastics, deteriorate or corrode. *NACE CIP Version Definition of Corrosion 2

3. Fundamental of Corrosion Electrochemical Principles “The application of the electrochemical principles developed by early investigators provides the means for modern methods of corrosion control. The Corrosion Cell Anode Cathode Electrolyte Metallic Pathway 3 BIJIH BARANG JADI EKSTRAKSI DAN PENGERJAAN PERUSAKAN DAN KOROSI

4. Fundamental of Corrosion 4

5. Process of Corrosion Cathode V e - e - e - e - e - e - H 2 H 2 H 2 H 2 H + H + H + H + H + H + H + e - e - e - e - e - e - e - e - i Electrolyte Anode Conductor Metallic Pathway M n+ M n+ M n+ M n+ 5

6. 6 CONTOH REAKSI ELEKTROKIMIA Reaksi oksidasi Ag Ag + + e - Zn Zn 2+ + 2e - Al Al 3+ + 3e - Umum : M M n+ + ne - Reaksi reduksi 2H + + 2e - H 2 ( evolusi hidrogen ) O 2 + 4H + + 4e - H 2 O ( reduksi oksigen / larutan bersifat asam ) O 2 + 2H 2 O + 4e - OH - ( reduksi oksigen - larutan bersifat netral / basa ) M n+ + ne - M ( reduksi ion logam )

7. REAKSI ELEKTROKIMIA Oksidasi : Zn Zn 2+ + 2e - ( Reaksi anodik ) Reduksi : 2H + + 2e - H 2 ( Reaksi katodik ) Zn + 2 HCl ZnCl 2 + H 2 atau Zn + 2H + Zn 2 + + H 2 Dalam reaksi diatas selalu terjadi pertukaran elektron REAKSI ELEKTROKIMIA 7

8. Corrosion Aspect Corrosion Resistance Metallurgical Aspect Physical Aspect Chemical Aspect Thermodinamical Aspect Environment 8

9. Parameter yang bermain Aspek Metalurgis: Struktur Inklusi Defect Pengaruh pengerjaan Aspek Termodinamika Temperatur Potensial logam Tingkat energi Aspek Lingkungan Jenis media Komposisi kimia lingkungan pH Konsentrasi oksigen Aspek Kimia Komposisi kimia Afinitas kimia Aspek Fisika Geometri Konduktivitas listrik Titik cair 9

10. Aspek Metalurgis 10

11. 11 e - O 2 O 2 O 2 Fe 2+ e - e - e - OH - OH - O 2 Cathode Cathode Anode Fe 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 Reaksi reduksi : O 2 + 2H 2 O + 4e - OH -

12. Konsentrasi oksigen 12 Reaksi reduksi : O 2 + 2H 2 O + 4e - OH - e - e - e - O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 M n+ M n+ M n+ H 2 O H 2 O

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14. BENTUK-BENTUK KERUSAKAN KARENA KOROSI Penipisan Pembentukan retakan / sumuran perubahan penampilan Penurunan daya dukung Penggetasan 14

15. Bentuk kerugian karena korosi Kerusakan Penurunan penampilan Ongkos maintenance yang semakin besar Plant shutdown Kontaminasi produk Keamanan berkurang 15

16. LAJU KOROSI Penipisan : mm/year mpy (mils/year) mpy = --------- Kehilangan berat mdd (mg/dm 2 /day) mg/mm 2 /year 16 534 W DAT W = weight loss (mg) D = density (g/cm3) A = luas (in2) T = time (hour)

17. JENIS-JENIS KOROSI Korosi basah (aqueous/wet corrosion) Korosi dalam lingkungan air/ larutan Korosi atmosferik (atmospheric corrosion) Korosi dalam lingkungan mixed udara+uap Korosi kering (dry corrosion) Korosi tanpa kehadiran fasa cair : oksidasi Korosi temperatur tinggi (high temperature corrosion) Korosi pada temperatur tinggi + diatas 500 o C: Oksidasi , sulfidasi , karburasi , nitridasi dll . 17

18. 18 FORM S OF CORROSION 1. Uniform corrosion 2. Pitting corrosion 3. Crevice corrosion 4. Stress corrosion 5. Fatigue corrosion 6. Intergranular corrosion 7. Erosion corrosion 8. Cavitation 9. Selective leaching 10. Exfoliation 11. Biological corrosion 12. Etc.

19. 19 UNIFORM CORROSION

20. 20 PITTING CORROSION

21. 21 PITTING CORROSION

22. 22 CREVICE CORROSION

23. 23 CREVICE CORROSION Initial stage Later stage

24. 1/10/2025 24 LATER STAGE M + Cl - + H 2 O = MOH + H + Cl - 2H + + 2e - H 2 M M + + e - atau (2H + + M H 2 + M +) ION CHLOR MEMPERCEPAT PELARUTAN ION LOGAM

25. 25 STRESS CORROSION CRACKING / SCC

26. 26 INTER-GRANULAR CORROSION

27. 27 INTER-GRANULAR CORROSION

28. 28 INTER-GRANULAR CORROSION

29. 29 HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT

30. 30 EROSION CORROSION

31. 31 CAVITATION

32. 32 BIOLOGICAL CORROSION

33. 33 Dealloying CORROSION

34. Contoh Korosi di Industri Corrosion in Shipboard Tanks Hull Bolts Crevice Corrosion Pitting Corrosion at Vessel Atmospheric Corrosion at Pile Corrosion in Shipboard Machinery & Equipment 34

35. Contoh Korosi di Industri Corrosion at a Pipe Elbow Corrosion Under Insulation on Steam Condesate at Main Deck Design Facilitates Water Entrapment Accelerated Corrosion 35

36. Methods of Corrosion Control Several methods of assuring the continued viability and usability of various structures at a minimum cost may be considered. Selecting and using specific corrosion resistant materials of construction. Changing or altering the environment Using barrier between the structural material and the environment Using cathodic protection Using the principles of corrosion allowance or overdesign There are advantages, disadvantages, and areas of the most economical use for each of these methods. *NACE CIP Version 36 Ada beberapa metoda yang dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan korosi di lapangan , metoda tersebut diantaranya adalah : Konsep Design Pemilihan Material Aplikasi Coating Aplikasi Proteksi Katodik Menggunakan Inhibitor Pengendalian lingkungan atau Kombinasi dari beberapa metoda di atas

37. Corrosion Resistant Materials The use of corrosion resistant materials is most often indicated in the original design of structures of piece of equipment. 37

38. Selecting and using specific corrosion resistant materials of construction 38

39. SURFACE MODIFICATION 39

40. Changing the Environment Changing an environment can involve such process duress as the alternation of a piece of equipment in order to prevent splash spray of furness from a corrosive solution coming in contact with adjacent equipment or structural areas. 40

41. Changing or altering the environment 41

42. Barriers The barrier principles represents the most common and widespread use of corrosion prevention. 42

43. The barrier principles represents

44. INHIBITORS 44

45. Cathodic Protection Cathodic protection – a reversal of the corrosion process whereby sufficient electrons are maintained on any metal surface to prevent the metal from going into solution – can only be used for immersion or underground conditions. 45

46. CATHODIC PROTECTION 46

47. ANODIC PROTECTION 47

48. Design Allowance Overdesign for corrosion conditions becoming less commons as other corrosion prevention methods have becomes more practical and less costly. 48 LAJU KOROSI Penipisan: mm/year mpy (mils/year) mpy = --------- Kehilangan berat mdd (mg/dm 2 /day) mg/mm 2 /year 534 W DAT W = weight loss (mg) D = density (g/cm3) A = luas (in2) T = time (hour)

49. 49 SEKTOR INDUSTRI PERMINYAKAN

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54. KOROSI PADA TIANG PANCANG DERMAGA

55. CONTOH DARI PACIFIC VISCOUS 55

56. Continue Session - 2 DON’t Miss It 56