2025 Water Problems community medicine class mbbs

Water problem

1. Water Problems Dr Anurupa M S Prof & Head Dept of Community Medicine JJM Medical College, Davangere 1

2. 3 Scenarios & 3 Groups ​ Scenario 1 Group 1 ​ ​ Scenario 2 Group 2 Scenario 3 Group 3 2 Presentation title 20XX

3. Scenario 1 3 Presentation title 20XX ​ T he g iven sample of water on examination shows the following values Total solids – 300 mg/L Total hardness – 200 mg/L Free/Saline ammonia – 0.06 mg/L Albuminoid ammonia – 1.0 mg/L Nitrites – 0.07 mg/L Nitrates – 3 mg/L Chlorides – 50 mg/L pH - 8 Coliforms count – 25/100 mlb ) Fluoride- 10mg / litre

4. Scenario 2 4 Presentation title 20XX T he g iven sample of water on examination shows the following values Total solids – 180 mg/L Total hardness – 120 mg/L Free/Saline ammonia – 0.03 mg/L Albuminoid ammonia – 0.5 mg/ LNitrites – 0.02 mg/L Nitrates – 1 mg/L Chlorides – 250 mg/L Coliforms count – 0/100 ml pH- 6.6 Fluoride- 1.4 mg / litre

5. Scenario 3 5 Presentation title 20XX Total solids – 650 mg/L Total hardness – 300 mg/L Free/Saline ammonia – 0.1 mg/L Albuminoid ammonia – 2.0 mg/L Nitrites – 0.1 mg/L Nitrates – 10 mg/L Chlorides – 100 mg/L Coliforms count – 80/100 ml pH- 8.9 Fluoride- 1.4 mg / litre

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8. Interpretation 1 8 Presentation title 20XX ​ Slightly Hard Water with Moderate Contamination. Water quality is within acceptable limits for most parameters but slightly higher albuminoid ammonia and coliform count suggest possible organic contamination. High Fluoride content and high alkaline nature.

9. Interpretation 2 9 Presentation title 20XX ​ This is high-quality drinking water with low hardness and minimal contamination. It is safe for consumption.

10. Interpretation 3 10 Presentation title 20XX ​ This is hard water and unsafe for drinking. High coliform counts and elevated ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates indicate potential sewage contamination. Treatment is necessary before use.

11. Case Scenario 1 11 Presentation title 20XX ​ A 22-year-old male Adarsh, returned from a 3 days trip to a rural area in Karnataka, where he attended his friend’s sister’s wedding. He consumed food and drinks from local vendors during his trip. He also drank tap water, ate undercooked food from street vendors, including raw vegetables and fruits. He started developing loose watery stools, vomiting, fever and pain abdomen. what is the provisional diagnosis and describe the etiology of the above clinical scenario?

12. Case Scenario 2 12 Presentation title 20XX ​ Rohan , a 25-year-old student, returned from MahaKumbha Mela Prayagraj. He had 7 days stay in the city camps. He ate unpeeled fruits, raw vegetables like carrots, from street vendors. He used public restrooms with poor sanitation and hygiene practices. After 1 month of his return to davangere he started developing pain abdomen with blood stained mucoid loose stools and fever. what is the provisional diagnosis and describe the etiology of the above clinical scenario?

13. Case Scenario 3 Sanvi is a 4-year-old girl child, going to Anganwadi center in rural Davangere. She had close contact with other children who were experiencing diarrhea and vomiting. She came into contact with contaminated toys, tables, and other surfaces. After 2 days, the child started developing frequent looses stools, fever, weakness and lethargy. Mother had lost the “Thai card” while shifting from village and did not know about the vaccination status of the child. What is the provisional diagnosis and describe the etiology of the above clinical scenario? 13 Presentation title 20XX

14. Interpretation-1 14 Presentation title 20XX

15. Interpretation-1 Reservoir and Transmission- The reservoir for Salmonella Typhi is human carriers, who shed the bacteria in their feces. Transmission occurs through contaminated food and water or direct contact with an infected person. 15 Presentation title 20XX

16. Interpretation-1 Risk Factors Travel to an endemic area Consumption of contaminated food and water Exposure to a carrier Poor sanitation and hygiene practices. This etiology scenario highlights the importance of safe food and water practices, proper hygiene, and awareness of the risks associated with traveling to endemic areas 16 Presentation title 20XX

17. Interpretation-2 17 Presentation title 20XX

18. Interpretation- 2 Reservoir and Transmission- Infected humans: People with amoebic dysentery shed the parasite in their feces. Contaminated food and water: Food and water contaminated with the parasite can transmit the infection. Poor hygiene practices: Poor hygiene practices, such as not washing hands regularly, can facilitate the transmission of the parasite. 18 Presentation title 20XX

19. Interpretation-2 Risk Factors Travel to an endemic area/high risk area: He traveled to a large gathering where the parasite infestations are very common. Consumption of contaminated food and water: He consumed tap water & unpeeled fruits Poor sanitation and hygiene practices: He used public restrooms with poor sanitation and hygiene practices. Lack of awareness: He was not aware of the risks associated with consuming contaminated food and water. 19 Presentation title 20XX

20. Interpretation-3 20 Presentation title 20XX

21. Interpretation- 3 Reservoir and Transmission- Infected humans : People with rotavirus gastroenteritis shed the virus in their feces. Contaminated food and water : Food and water contaminated with the virus can transmit the infection. Fomites : Contaminated surfaces and objects can facilitate the transmission of the virus. 21 Presentation title 20XX

22. Interpretation-3 Risk Factors Age: Children under the age of 5 are more susceptible to rotavirus infections. Anganwadi centres attendance: Attending a daycare center increases the risk of exposure to contagious viruses. Poor hygiene practices : Not washing hands regularly and properly can facilitate the transmission of the virus. Lack of vaccination : child might have not received the rotavirus vaccine, which increases her risk of infection. 22 Presentation title 20XX