213095393-Types-of-Wounds for orthopedicand TraumaMedicinestudents.ppt

Types of Wounds

1. Types of wounds

2. Wound = An injury which breaks the skin or other tissues
and which can allow blood to escape from the body and
germs to enter it
 Classification of wounds:

Wounds
Open Closed

3. Open-wound
• Allows blood to escape from the body
• There is disruption in the continuity of the skin
therefore susceptible to external bleeding and
contamination
• Types of open wound :
 Incision
 Abrasion
 Laceration
 Puncture
 Avulsion
 Amputation

5. Incision
• An open wound caused by sharp objects such as knives,
razor blades, and sharp glass or metal edges.
• Wound is smooth edged and bleeds freely
• Amount of bleeding depends upon the wound’s :
i. Depth
ii. Location
iii. Size
• Deep wound may cause severe damage to:
i. Muscle
ii. Nerves
iii.Tendons

6. Laceration
 A cut made by sharp instrument such as knife or razor
blade
 Produce jagged incision through skin surface and
underlying structure
 Tend to bleed less severely than incised wounds
 These wounds are sometimes contaminated

7. Puncture
 Is a stab from a pointed object.
 Example: nails, needles, fork, knife and even teeth
 Risk of infection is high if wound is deep because germs
and dirt may have carried into it
Special treatment is required when the object causing the
injury remains impaled in the wound

8. Abrasion
 Superficial wound caused by rubbing or scrapping
 Results in partial loss of skin surface

9. Avulsion
 Is the tearing of a patch of skin or other tissues
 Not totally torn from the body but creates a loose,
hanging flap
 Involves body parts such as eyeballs, ears,fingers, or
hands

10. Amputation
 Involves cutting or tearing off a body part
 Example: fingers, toes, hands,feet, arms or leg.

11. Type Cause(s) Signs and symptoms First Aid
Abrasion
(scrape)
Rubbing or scrapingOnly skin surface affected
Little bleeding
Remove all debris
Wash away from wound
with soap and water
Incision (Cut)Sharp object Smooth edges of wound
Severe bleeding
Control bleeding
Wash wound
Laceration
(Tearing)
Blunt object tearing skinVeins and arteries can be
affected
Severe bleeding
Danger of infection
Control bleeding
Wash wound
Puncture
(Stab)
Sharp pointed object
pierces skin
Wound is narrow and deep
into veins and arteries
Embedded objects
Danger of infection
Do not remove impaled
objects
Avulsion
(torn off)
Machinery, ExplosiveTissue torn off or left hanging
Severe bleeding
Control bleeding
Take avulsed part to
medical facility

12. Closed wounds
 Example : Bruise and contusion
 Damage to soft tissue beneath skin
 No actual break in the skin
 Contusion = Local pain and swelling
 Hematoma = if large vessels have been torn beneath
the contused area, will be evident as a lump with
bluish discoloration
 Treatment : Treat it with pressure and cold
application to minimize swelling/ no specific
treatment

13. Bleeding
 Bleeding may not only be the most visible but may
also be the most often cared for
 Rapid loss of one quart or more of total blood
volume by bleeding often leads to :
i. irreversible shock
ii. Death

14. Types of external bleeding
1.Arterial :
• Blood from artery spurts; bright red in color
(oxygen)
• Less likely to clot than other type of bleeding
• Blood loss often rapid and profuse (blood
spurts)
• Dangerous (no blood clot can form)
• External means of control must be used to
stop flow

15. Types of external bleeding
2. Venous :
• Bleeding is steady and dark-bluish-red color
• Easier to control than arterial bleeding
• Potential danger of air bubble or air embolism
- Blood in larger veins being sucked back
towards the heart; air bubble can be large
enough to interfere the heart to pump blood
because of the formed air block

16. Types of external bleeding
3. Capillary :
 Blood oozes from a capillary; similar color to
venous blood
 Easily controlled
 Not immediately dangerous
 More or less control itself by clotting
spontaneously
Hemophilia : Tendency to bleed as well as the
inability of blood to clot. Life threatening.

17. Controlling external bleeding
1.Direct Pressure
- The quickest and most efficient mean of
controlling external bleeding
2. Elevation
- Control bleeding of extremity
- Gravity helps to reduce blood pressure; slows
bleeding

18. Controlling external bleeding
3. Pressure points
- If direct pressure is not controlling sever bleeding in
the arms and legs
- Only after direct pressure and elevation have failed
to control bleeding
- Apply pressure at the point where artery is relatively
near the surface and where it passes close to a bony
structure against which it can be compressed;
brachial point in the arm and femoral point in the
groin

19. Controlling external bleeding
4. Tourniquet
-Only is used in severe emergency when other means will
not stop bleeding in an extremity
- Can damage nerves and blood vessels
- Can result in the loss of arm or leg
- Use only as last resort

20. Steps of treatment for minor external
bleeding
1.Wash hands before dealing with the wound by
rinsing it with running water (if possible)
2. Temporarily protect wound with sterile swab.
Carefully clean the surrounding skin with water and
soap. Gently wipe away from the wound using each
swab once only.
3. If bleeding persists apply direct pressure
4. Dress mall wound with an adhesive dressing
(plaster)
5. Raise and support the injured part unless suspect
underlying fracture
6. Seek medical aid if any doubt about injury