21CSE01 Presentation1111111111111111111111111111.pptx

presentation on networking devices

1. Computer Communication & Networks Presentation: GROUP Muhammad Nasir (21CSE01) Leader Aftab Ahmed (21CSE35) Qamber Ali Khan (21CSE42) Muhammad Bilal (21CSE41) Imran Ali (21CSE44)

2. Computer Communication & Networks Passive hub A passive hub in a computer network is a basic networking device that serves as a central connection point for multiple devices. A passive hub is a connection point for wires that helps to make the physical network. Passive hubs do not include any computerized elements and do not process the data signal at all. They broadcast signals onto the network without amplifying or regenerating them. All devices connected to a passive hub take all the packets that develop through the hub.

3. Computer Communication & Networks

4. Computer Communication & Networks Advantages: Cost-effectiveness: Passive hubs are generally less expensive than active hubs, switches, or routers. Simplicity: Passive hubs are straightforward in design and operation. They require no configuration or management, making them easy to install and use. No power requirement: Passive hubs do not require a separate power source, as they operate solely based on the electrical connections between devices. Disadvantages: Limited performance: Passive hubs lack signal regeneration and amplification capabilities. As a result, they cannot extend the range of a network or improve signal quality. Broadcast traffic: Since passive hubs forward incoming signals to all connected devices indiscriminately, they generate unnecessary broadcast traffic. Security risks: Passive hubs provide no segmentation or isolation of network traffic.

5. Computer Communication & Networks Repeater A repeater in a computer network is a networking device used to extend the reach or range of a network by amplifying and retransmitting signals. Its primary function is to receive incoming signals, boost their strength, and then retransmit them to the next segment of the network, effectively extending the reach of the network beyond its original limitations.

6. Computer Communication & Networks Advantages: Extended Range: Repeaters allow networks to span longer distances than would otherwise be possible without signal degradation. Signal Quality: By amplifying and regenerating signals, repeaters help maintain the quality of data transmission, reducing errors and packet loss. Simplicity: Repeaters are relatively simple devices with minimal configuration requirements. They are easy to install and maintain . Disadvantages: Limited Scalability: While repeaters extend the range of a network, they do not provide segmentation or isolation of network traffic. Propagation Delay: Repeaters introduce a slight delay in signal transmission due to the process of amplification and regeneration. Dependency on Signal Quality: Repeaters rely on receiving a clean signal to amplify and regenerate. If the incoming signal is too weak or distorted, the repeater may not be able to effectively amplify it.

7. Computer Communication & Networks ACTIVE HUB An active hub in a computer network is a networking device that serves as a central connection point for multiple network devices. Unlike passive hubs, which simply relay signals without modification, active hubs are equipped with additional circuitry that regenerates and re-amplifies incoming signals before forwarding them to connected devices.

8. Computer Communication & Networks Advantages: Signal Amplification: Active hubs amplify signals, helping to overcome signal degradation caused by factors such as cable length or interference. Flexibility: Active hubs typically offer more flexibility in terms of network configuration compared to passive hubs. Disadvantages: Limited Scalability: Like passive hubs, active hubs operate within a single collision domain, which can limit the scalability of the network. As the number of connected devices increases, the likelihood of collisions also increases, potentially impacting network performance. Dependency on Power: Active hubs require a power source to operate. Cost: Active hubs are generally more expensive than passive hubs due to their additional circuitry and functionality.

9. Computer Communication & Networks Switch A switch in a computer network is a networking device that operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. It connects multiple devices in a local area network (LAN) and uses hardware addresses (MAC addresses) to forward data packets from the source device to the destination device .

10. Computer Communication & Networks Advantages: Efficient Data Transmission: Switches forward data packets only to the port where the destination device is connected, rather than broadcasting them to all ports like hubs. Improved Security: Switches create separate collision domains for each port, isolating traffic between devices connected to different ports. Enhanced Performance: Switches support full-duplex communication, allowing devices to transmit and receive data simultaneously without collisions. Disadvantages: Cost: Switches are typically more expensive than hubs or simple networking devices like repeaters or bridges. Complexity: Switches offer advanced features and configuration options, which may require expertise to set up and manage effectively.

11. Computer Communication & Networks Routers Routers are crucial components in computer networks, responsible for directing data packets between different networks, facilitating communication between devices on separate networks, and enabling the interconnection of various local area networks (LANs) or wide area networks (WANs). They are responsible for receiving, analyzing, and forwarding data packets among the connected computer networks.

12. Computer Communication & Networks Advantages: Efficient Packet Forwarding: Routers use routing tables and algorithms to forward packets along the most efficient paths between networks Interconnection of Networks: Routers enable the interconnection of different networks, allowing devices on separate networks to communicate with each other. Network Address Translation (NAT): Many routers support NAT, which allows multiple devices within a private network to share a single public IP address . Disadvantages : Cost: High-quality routers with advanced features can be expensive to purchase and maintain, especially for large-scale enterprise networks. Complexity: Routers require configuration and management by knowledgeable personnel to ensure optimal performance and security.