250925_Cerdig Lanjutan_Politik Data dan Infrastruktur_TEP.pdf

Cerdig Lanjutan Politik Data dan Infrastruktur TEP

1. Politik Data dan Infrastruktur Digital
Treviliana E. Putri

2. Data
any digital representation of acts, facts or information and any compilation of such acts, facts or
information, including in the form of sound, visual or audio-visual recording (EU Data Act)
Personal data
any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person (‘data subject’); an
identifiable natural person is one who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by
reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, an online
identifier or to one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental,
economic, cultural or social identity of that natural person (EU GDPR)

3. Image source: Freepik

4. Digital infrastructure
“beyond bricks, pipes or cables, infrastructure also includes more abstract entities, such as protocols, standards
and memory [... and facilities such as] computing services, help desks and data directories” (Bowker et al., 2010, p. 97).
Infrastructure is defined not simply by a specific technology or collection of tools, but by the way certain objects
and practices take on an "infrastructural" role or function within particular settings (Musiani, 2024).
Internet infrastructures include physical objects – for example the submarine cables which carry global
telecommunications – and a priori much less “concrete” objects, such as the protocol which allows the blockchain
underlying Bitcoin to work (Musiani, 2024).

5. Source: https://submarine-cable-map-2025.telegeography.com/ Source: Freepik

6. “Technologies are inevitable, those who successfully rally for a technology’s creation
are those who have the power and resources to do the rallying … The vision that
they impose–of what technology is and whom it can benefit– is thus the vision of
a narrow elite, imbued with all their blind spots and self-serving philosophies”

(in Power and progress : our thousand-year struggle over technology and prosperity,
Acemoglu & Johnson, as mentioned in Empire of AI by Karen Hao)

Who has the power?

7. Source: TIME Magazine
Source: The Guardian
Source: BBC
Who has the power?
Digital colonialism, data colonialism, companies as new “empires”

8. Source: Youtube Kompas.com Source: BBC Thai Source: Rest of world
Worldcoin Project

9. Shuki Wong, a 32-year-old who works in cryptocurrency, brought
his 62-year-old mother to get her iris scans, with an eye toward
the reward. “At least you get money from it,” Wong said.
“Do you know how often people lose their data without
getting anything back? That’s the reality.”

(Why are people lining up for Worldcoin eyeball scans? “Easy
$50” - Rest of world)

10. Pushback against the companies… towards digital sovereignty?
If we are to apply classical notion of state sovereignty (Mueller,
2021):
1) The power to erect borders around incoming information;
2) Trade protectionism in the digital sector, and
3) Enhanced state power over the online accounts, data and PII of
its residents



Source: China-briefing

11. Data embassy?
●Located in Luxembourg
●Fully under the control of Estonia and Principality of Monaco, but has
the same rights as physical embassies such as immunity
●The premises are exempt from search, requisition, attachment, or
execution. No official or person exercising any public authority,
whether administrative, judicial, military or police of the Grand-Duchy
of Luxembourg will be allowed to enter the premises without the prior
approval of the authorized representative of the Principality of
Monaco, except in cases of emergency (e.g. fire hazards, etc.).
Source:
https://e-estonia.com/solutions/e-governance/data-embassy/
Source: Extended Monaco

12. Towards digital sovereignty?
“having control over the digital environment. This means having control, direction and
freedom of choice over storage, security and processing of data, AI algorithms and
underlying models, digital identity and access to applications” (Stolk, n.d.)
“the exercise of agency and power in shaping digital infrastructure, data, services,
and protocols” (Jiang and Belli, 2024)
“a contested framework that reflects competing claims over decision-making power in
the digital realm, where different actors such as states, corporations, and civil society,
struggle for authority” (Pohle and Thiel, 2020)
Source: Freepik

13. (re) framing “sovereignty”
●Fediverse and decentralised platforms (i.e. Mastodon) -> collective
action problems?
●Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data (CLOUD) Act gives U.S. law
enforcement the power to compel U.S.-based technology companies to
disclose data under their control, even if that data is stored on servers
located outside the United States.
●Indigenous data sovereignty, Maori - Te Mana Raraunga
Source: Te Mana Raraunga
Source: Computer Weekly

14. Digital sovereignty
●As analytical lens? As a political project?
●Discourse vs practice?
●Whose voices are accepted?
●What kind of actors make what kind of claims?
Source: Freepik

15. FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA
ROOM BC 201-202, BC BUILDING 2nd FLOOR
JALAN SOCIO YUSTISIA 1
BULAKSUMUR, YOGYAKARTA, 55281 INDONESIA
GOWORK PLAZA INDONESIA,
PLAZA INDONESIA,
LEVEL 5 UNIT E021AB
JALAN M. H. THAMRIN NO.KAV. 28-30
DAERAH KHUSUS JAKARTA, 10350, INDONESIA
PHONE
EMAIL
WEBSITE
[phone], Ext. 116 | [phone] (WHATSAPP)
[email protected]
digitalsociety.id
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:
:
facebook.com/cfdsugm
cfds_ugm
Center for Digital Society (CfDS)
CfDS UGM
PHONE
EMAIL
WEBSITE
[phone], Ext. 116 | [phone] (WHATSAPP)
cfds.fi[email protected]
digitalsociety.id
:
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