2A_Present_Perfect 2A_Present_Perfect 2A_Present_Perfect

PRESENT PERFRECT

1. UNIT 2, 2A, PAGES 132-133 PRESENT PERFECT

2. PRESENT PERFECT INTERROGATIVE SHORT ANSWERS Have you ever lost your wallet? Yes, I have / No, I haven’t Where have you been so far? I ’ve been to London, Berlin and Paris AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE I have been to Japan… … but I have not been to China I ’ve never eaten snails… … and I haven’t eaten worms either We use the present perfect for past experiences:

3. PRESENT PERFECT INTERROGATIVE SHORT ANSWERS Have you just called me? Yes, I have / No, I haven’t What have you done ? I ’ve done nothing! AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE He ’s fallen down the stairs… … but he hasn’t hurt himself She ’s just finished the book… … but she hasn’t seen the film We use the present perfect for recent events, especially with just:

4. PRESENT PERFECT INTERROGATIVE SHORT ANSWERS How long have you had your BMW? I ’ve had it for quite a long time AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE I have known John since 1995 I have not seen her for 2 years I ’ve been married since last summer I haven’t heard from him for weeks We use the present perfect with unfinished states which start in the past and are still true now (only state verbs):

5. PRESENT PERFECT INTERROGATIVE SHORT ANSWERS Have you seen the film yet ? Yes, I have / No, I haven’t AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE I have already had lunch… … but I have not had coffee yet I ’ve already met your boss… … but I haven’t met your secretary yet We usually use the present perfect with yet and already to emphasize that we have or haven’t done something:

6. SUMMARY We use the present perfect when there is a connection between the past and the present, when there is a result of the past event in the present or when the event happened at an indefinite time: Ex: I’ve bought a car – Now I have a car (result) and I don’t say when I bought it (indefinite) Ex: I haven’t had any car accidents so far - I can still have one now or in the future (connection) We use the simple past with finished actions in the past, either definite or we know when they happened: Ex: When did you buy your car? I bought it last year – We are interested in when the car was bought (definite) Ex: I didn’t have any accidents while I was living in Italy - I don’t live in Italy anymore