2nd blood Donor-Screening-and-VBD-Camps.pdf

Blood

1. DONOR SELECTION
Prof.Dr.AsmaaAhmed

2. TYPES OF BLOOD DONORS
I. Allogeneic Donors
1-Voluntary Non Remunerated Donors (VNRD)
2-Regular Voluntary Non Remunerated Donors
3. Replacement Donors
4. Directed Donors
II. Autologous Blood Donors

3. Voluntary Blood Donors
Voluntary blood donation refers to unpaid, non-remunerated blood donation
Voluntary blood
donors
New voluntary
donor
(Never
donated)
Lapsed
voluntary
Donor
(<3 times
donation, no
donation
previous year)
Regular
voluntary donor
(3 times
donation, last
donation prev.
yr, once a yr
donation)

4. Donor registration
Pre-donation information
Completion of donor questionnaire
Donor interview and pre-donation counselling
Donor health and risk assessment
Informed consent.

5. INFORMED CONSENT
Thedonorhasto
signtheconsentfor
blooddonationon
the Donor
Questionnaireform

6. DONOR QUESTIONNAIRE
●Please complete this form
●Panel name: _______________________
●Donor no: ________________
●Family name: _______________________
●First name: ________________
●Title: _______________________
●ID No: ________________
●Date of birth: _______________________
●Gender: ________________
●Occupation: ______________________________________________________
●Residential address: _____________________________________________
●Postal address: _____________________________________________
●Telephone no. Home: ___________
●Work: __________
●Mobile: __________
●E-mail address: _______________________________________________

7. HEALTH ASSESSMENT
Please tick the appropriate answer to each question
●Yes
●No
●1.1 Are you feeling well and in good health today?
●1.2
●in the last 4 hours, have you had a meal or snack?
●1.3
●Have you already given blood in the last 16 weeks?
●1.4
●Have you got a chesty cough, sore throat or active cold sore?
●1.5
●Are you pregnant or breastfeeding?
●1.6
●Do you have or have you everhad:
●a Chest pains, heart disease/surgery or a stroke?
●b Lung disease, tuberculosis or asthma?
●c Cancer, a blood disease, an abnormal bleeding disorder, or a bleeding gastric ulcer or duodenal
ulcer?

8. ●d Diabetes, thyroid disease, kidney disease, epilepsy (fits)?
●e Chagas disease, babesiosis, HTLVI/II or any other chronic infectious disease?
●1.7
●In the last 7 days, have you seen a doctor, dentist or any other healthcare
professional or are you waiting to see one (except for routine screening
appointments)?
●1.8
●In the past 12 months:
●a Have you been ill, received any treatmentor taken any medication?
●b Have you been under a doctor’s care, undergone surgery, or a diagnostic
procedure, suffered a major illness, or been involved in a serious accident?
●1.9
●Have you ever had yellow jaundice (excluding jaundice at birth), hepatitis or liver
disease or a positive test for hepatitis?
●a In the past 12 months, have you had close contact with a person with yellow
jaundice or viral hepatitis, or have you been given a hepatitis B vaccination?
●b Have you ever had hepatitis B or hepatitis C or think you may have hepatitis now?

9. ●c In the past 12 months, have you been tattooed, had ear or body piercing, acupuncture,
circumcision or scarification, cosmetic treatment?
●1.10
●In the past 12 months, have you or your sexual partner received a blood transfusion?
●1.11
●Have you or your sexual partner been treated with human or animal blood products or clotting
factors?
●1.12
●Have you ever had injections of human pituitary growth hormone, pituitary gonadotrophin (fertility
medicine) or seen a neurosurgeon or neurologist?
●1.13
●Have you or close relatives had an unexplained neurological condition or been diagnosed with
Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease or ‘mad cow disease’?
●1.14
●Have you:
●a Ever had malariaor an unexplained fever associated with travel?
●b Visited any malarial area in the last 12 months?
●1.15
●When did you last travel to another region or _________________ country (in months / years)?

10. RISK ASSESSMENT
●Is your reason for donating blood to undergo an HIV test?
●Have you ever been tested for HIV?
●If ‘‘Yes’’ what was the reason? Voluntary Employment Insurance Medical advice Other:
____________________________________________________
●Have you ever had casual, oral or anal sex with someone whose background you do not know, with or without a
condom?
●Have you ever exchanged money, drugs, goods or favoursin return for sex?
●2.6
●Have you suffered from a sexually transmitted disease (STD): e.g. syphilis, gonorrhoea, genital herpes, genital ulcer,
VD, or ‘drop’?
●2.7
●In the past 12 months:
●a Has there been any change in your marital status?
●b If sexually active, do you think any of the above questions (2.1-----2.6) may be true for your sexual partner?
●c Have you been a victim of sexual abuse?
●2.8
●Have you or your sexual partner suffered from night sweats, unintentional weight loss, diarrhea or swollen glands?
●2.9
●Have you ever injected yourself or been injected with illegal or non-prescribed drugs including body-building drugs or
cosmetics (even if this was only once or a long time ago)?
●2.10
●Have you been in contact with anyone with an infectious disease or in the last 12 months have you had any
immunizations, vaccinations or jabs?
●2.11
●Have you ever been refused as a blood donor,

11. DECLARATION
●Please do not sign until you have answered all the questions and read the
declaration below.
●a
●I confirm that, to the best of my knowledge, I have answered all the questions
accurately and I consider my blood safe for transfusion to a patient.
●b
●I understand that any willful misrepresentation of facts could endanger my health or
that of patients receiving my blood and may lead to litigation. I am aware that my
blood will be screened for, among others, HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and syphilis. I
understand that these screening tests are not diagnostic and may yield false-
positive results. If any of the tests give a reactive result, I will be contacted using the
information I have provided, and offered counselling.
●c
●I understand the blood donation process, and I have been counseled regarding the
importance of safe blood donation.
●d

12. ●I confirm that I am over the age of 18 years.
●e
●I undertake that should there be any reason for my blood to be
deemed unsafe for use at any stage, I will inform the Blood
Transfusion Service.
●Donor’s
signature:_______________________________________________
___
●Decision: Accept Defer
●Donor weight : __________ kg
●Blood pressure: ___________
●Haemoglobin/haematocrit: _______________
●Deferral period:
____________________________________________________
●Reason for deferral:
________________________________________________
●Interviewed by (name and signature):
_________________________________
Venepunctureperformed by (name and signature):

13. Brief Physical examination
General Examination
Weight
Visual inspection of antecubital
fossa: lesion, puncture, infection
Pulse
Blood Pressure

14. 60-100
bpm
> 50kg
110-160
60-90
98.4°F
37.5°C



≥ 12.5 g/dL
Criteria for selection of blood donors
18-60
years
mmHg

15. S.No.PARAMETER CRITERIA
1. Well Being Good health, mentally alert, physically fit
Not an inmate of jail
Not fasting
Differently abled or those with communication
or sight difficulty-valid consent
2. Age (Years) 18-65, if First time donor<60
Apheresis 18-60
3. Weight (Kg) 45 –350ml
≥55 –450ml
Apheresis->50kg
4. Temperature 37.5
o
C /98.4 F(Afebrile)
5. Pulse (Beats/ min) 60-100,Regular
6. Blood Pressure(mm Hg)Systolic =110-160 Diastolic=60-90with or w/o
medications; No drug alteration in past 28 days
DonorSelection Criteria (General)

16. 16
S.No. PARAMETER CRITERIA( General)
7. Haemoglobin (g/dl) 13-18g/dl in males
12-16g/dl in females
8. Respiration Free from acute respiratory disease
9. LastDonation Interval For whole blood-3 months for male&
4 months for female
≥ 48 hrs-platelet/ plasma apheresis
28days –if donated whole blood and candidate for
plateletpheresis
12 months –Bone Marrow Harvest
6 months –Peripheral Blood Stem Cell
10. Meal Not Fasting; Last meal-Within 4hours
11. Alcohol Intake Not regular heavy alcoholic
Nosigns of alcohol intoxication
Not taken heavy alcohol previous night

17. 17
S.No.PARAMETER CRITERIA(General)
12. Occupation Air crew member, strenuousworker -24 hours
13. Traveland Residence Not with Endemic Area for diseases
14. Donor Skin Phlebotomysite free from scars
15. Nonspecificillness-
malaise, pain or headache
Defer till all symptoms subsideand patient is afebrile

18. Self Deferral
Temporary Deferral
Permanent Deferral
DONOR DEFERAL
18

19. Causes of Permanent Deferral
Chronic dis
Inf or non
Drugs
Or
hormons
Malig

20. PRIVATE INTERVIEW
(High Risk Behaviour)
History of multiple sexual partners or sex with Commercial Sex Workers-defer
permanently
High risk donors such as long route drivers, jail inmates, homosexuals, I/V
drug abusers -defer permanently

22. Causes of 4 weeks Deferral

24. S.No
.
PARAMETER CRITERIA
(Vaccination and
Inoculation)
93.Live attenuated vaccines-Polio (oral),
Measles (Rubella), Mumps, Yellow fever,
Japanese Encephalitis, Influenza, Typhoid,
Cholera
Defer for 28 days(4 weeks)
94.Anti-Tetanus serum, anti-venom serum, anti-
diphtheria serum, anti-Gas Gangrene serum
Defer for 28 days(4 weeks)
95.Anti-rabies vaccination following animal bite,
Hepatitis B immunoglobulin,
Immunoglobulins
Defer for 1 year

25. Laboratory Testing
Hb estimation
Blood Grouping

26. Types of donation
●Whole blood donation.
●Autologous donation.
●Apharesisdonation.

27. Collection of correct blood volume is essential
to ensure ratio between blood and
anticoagulant.
●The volume of blood is 450ml ±10%
(400-500ml) for 63ml anticoagulant and
500ml±10% (450-550ml)for 70 ml
anticoagulant.

28. Complications of blood donation
(donor reactions
●I-Systemic: vasovagal syndrome
●Excessive sweating
●Weakness
●Dizziness
●Cold and clammy skin
●Low volume pulse and low BP
●Fainting.
●Other adverse reactions are:
●Nausea and vomiting.
●Tetany like symptoms due to hyperventilation.
●Convulsions.

29. Local Reactions
●Hematoma.
●Arterial puncture
●Nerve irritation

30. Autologous transfusion
●Autologous transfusion is the collection
and reinfusion of the patient's own blood
(donor and recipient is the same person

33. Preoperative Autologous
Blood Transfusion
●blood collection up to begins 3to 5weeks
before elective surgery, and last donation
should take place at least 72hours before
surgery [to allow for re-equilibration of the
blood volume].

34. Selection of patients
●Medical assessment: drugs, CV fitness & bact
infections
●Hb≥ 11gm/dl & Ht ≥ 33%
●No age limits
●Wt> 60 kg 450ml
●Wt< 60 kg 8 to 9 ml/kg
●Children < 27 kg no more than 10% of blood volume

35. ●Patients may be given iron
supplements, sometimes with
erythropoietin, to prevent anaemiaor
allow more donations to be collected.

36. Indications for Predepositautologous
transfusion
●Rare blood groups
●Patients with or multiple blood group antibodies
where compatible allogeneic blood is difficult to
obtain.
●Patients disproportionate anxiety about exposure to
donor blood.

37. Cell Salvage
●The principle behind this technique is to
salvage the lost blood during surgery and
can be performed intra-operative cell
salvage (ICS), postoperative cell salvage
(PoCS), or by both ways. The process
involves a collection of shed blood from
the surgical field.

38. ●The salvaged blood is then either filtered
or washedand processed prior to re-
transfusion back to the patient in the
immediate postoperative period. The
blood generated is labelled and kept with
the patient

41. Indications &
Contraindications
●Intraoperative salvage is used extensively in cardiac
surgery, trauma surgery, and liver transplantation.
●Bacterialinfection or malignantcells in the operative
field are contraindication of the procedure.

42. Apheresis
●Apheresis uses a centrifuge that separates
blood into its components by density. Red
cells are the densest, so they go to the
bottom or filtration(size).
●Using sterile equipment, the apheresis
operator directs the needed component into
a collection bag; the others return to the
donor through a needle inserted into a vein
in the arm.

43. Whole blood enters the
centrifuge (1) and separates
into plasma (2), leukocytes
(3), and erythrocytes (4).
Selected components are
then drawn off (5).

44. Plasmapheresis
●–blood plasma. Plasmapheresis is useful in collecting FFP
(fresh frozen plasma) of a particular ABO group.
●Max 2/week separated by 48h ; 24/year max 1200ml.
●12-14.5L/year.
●HB Ht serum Pr
●12 36 6gm/dl

45. Erythrocytapheresis
●Erythrocytapheresis is the separation of erythrocytes
from whole blood.
●For 2 units:
●Hb 13.5
●Wt> 65 kg
●6 month interval

46. Plateletpheresis
●collection of platelets by apheresis while returning the
RBCs, WBCs, and component plasma. The yield is normally
the equivalent of between six and ten random platelet
concentrates.
●Plat > 150 000/cmm
●WBCs 7 diff normal
●Aspirin Plavix defferal
●3 14 days

47. Leukopheresis
●removal of PMNs, basophils, eosinophils for
transfusion into patients whose PMNs are
ineffective or where traditional therapy has
failed.

48. ●A donor has polycythemia rubra vera, Her physician would like
her to undergo periodic therapeutic phlebotomy to prevent her
hemoglobin from rising to life-threatening levels. The physician’s
order indicates that the donor should present for phlebotomy
once a month and should have one unit of blood drawn when
●her hemoglobin is greater than 15 g/dL. Can this donor’s units be
used for allogeneic transfusion?
●A. No, because she is not a volunteer donor (i.e., she has a physician’s order
requiring therapeutic phlebotomy)
●B. Yes, as long as she passes the donor history questionnaire, physical exam, and
infectious disease testing
●C. Yes, because her hemoglobin is above the 12.5 g/dL threshold for female
allogeneic transfusion
●D. No, because she has a neoplastic blood disease.

49. Who is the best candidate for a
predeposit
autologous donation?
●A. A 45-year-old man who is having elective surgery in
2 weeks; he has alloanti-k
●B. A 23-year-old female leukemia patient with a
hemoglobin of 10 g/dL
●C. A 12-year-old boy who has hemophilia
●D. A 53-year-old woman who has septicemia

50. The following whole blood donors regularly
give
blood. Which donor may donate on September
10th?
●A. A 40-year-old woman who last donated on July 23rd
●B. A 28-year-old man who had plateletpheresis on
August 24th
●C. A 52-year-old man who made an autologous
donation 2 days ago
●D. A 23-year-old woman who donated blood for her
aunt on August 14th

51. Blood donation in camps
Advantages:
Voluntary blood donations
Healthy pool of donors
Convenient to donors
Friendly atmosphere
Retention of regular donors
Disadvantages:
Increased tendency of donor reactions
Inconvenience to blood bank team if outdoors

52. VBD Camp at Pavilion Ground, Dehradun

54. REFERENCES
1.The Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945, as corrected up to 30
th
Nov 2004.
Schedule F. Part XII B: Govt. of India. 2004; p 320-51. Available from
http://www.cdsco.nic.in/Drugs&CosmeticAct.pdf
2. Guidelines for blood donor selection and blood donor referral: NACO, MoHFW.
Govt. of India. 2017 Oct; p 1-29
3. Saran R.K, editor. Transfusion Medicine Technical Manual, 2
nd
ed. DGHS.
MoHFW. Govt. of India. 2003
4. Fung M.K, Grossman B.J, Hillyer C.D, Westhoff C.M, editors. Technical Manual,
18
th
ed. AABB, U.S.A. 2014