3.1 What is a solution?

1. 
Chapter 3
Section 1

2. What
is a
solution
?

3. Water
No matter what
you do to it
physically -- boil,
freeze, stir, shake,
strain -- it is still
water.
3

4. Salt Water
If you boil salt
water, the water
turns to gas and
leaves the salt
behind.
4

5. Pulpy Orange
Juice
If you strain pulpy
orange juice, it loses
its pulp.
5

6. 6
Substances
Water, salt water and pulpy
orange juice are different. These
differences can be explained using
CHEMISTRY!

7. Atoms and Elements

8. Atoms and ElementsO
2 H
2O
C
NaCl

9. Atoms and Elements
Boil
Grind
FilterO
2 H
2O
C
NaCl

10. Atoms and ElementsO
2 H
2O
C
NaCl
Boil
Grind
FilterO
2 H
2O
C
NaCl

11. Substance
matter that has the same fixed
composition and properties. It
can’t be broken down into
simpler parts by ordinary
physical processes,
such as boiling, grinding, or
filtering.

14. Compounds

15. Compounds
Water is a compound
but it is not an element.

16. Compounds
Water is a compound
but it is not an element.
Compounds have fixed composition. The ratio of
the atoms in a compound is ALWAYS the same.

17. Compounds
Water is a compound
but it is not an element.
Compounds have fixed composition. The ratio of
the atoms in a compound is ALWAYS the same.
Water is always 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen
atom.

18. Mixtures

19. Mixtures
Lemonade is water and sugar
and lemon juice.

20. Mixtures
Lemonade is water and sugar
and lemon juice.
A mixture is a combination
of substances that are not
bonded together and can be
separated by physical
processes.

21. Mixtures
Lemonade is water and sugar
and lemon juice.
A mixture is a combination
of substances that are not
bonded together and can be
separated by physical
processes.
Mixtures do not always contain the same
proportions of the substances that they are
composed of. Example: weak and strong lemonade.

22. Heterogeneous

23. Heterogeneous
Heterogeneous mixture - type of mixture
where the substances are not mixed evenly.

24. Heterogeneous
Heterogeneous mixture - type of mixture
where the substances are not mixed evenly.
The different areas of the mixture have different
compositions.

25. Homogeneous (Solution)

26. Homogeneous (Solution)
A homogeneous mixture contain 2 or more
substances that are evenly mixed on a molecular
level but still are not bonded together.

27. Homogeneous (Solution)
A homogeneous mixture contain 2 or more
substances that are evenly mixed on a molecular
level but still are not bonded together.
H20
H20
H20
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6

28. How
Solutions
Form

29. How
Solutions
Form
Sugar molecules
spreading out until they
are evenly spaced is
called dissolving.

30. How
Solutions
Form
Sugar molecules
spreading out until they
are evenly spaced is
called dissolving.
Solute-substance that dissolves or seems to
disappear. (sugar)

31. How
Solutions
Form
Sugar molecules
spreading out until they
are evenly spaced is
called dissolving.
Solute-substance that dissolves or seems to
disappear. (sugar)
Solvent-substance that dissolves the solute.(water)

32. Forming
Solids from
Solutions

33. Forming
Solids from
Solutions
When a solid comes back out of its solution and
form a solid it is called crystallization.

34. Forming
Solids from
Solutions
When a solid comes back out of its solution and
form a solid it is called crystallization.
This is the result of a physical change.

35. Forming Solids
from Solutions

36. Stalactites and stalagmites in
caves are formed from
solutions.
Forming Solids
from Solutions

37. Stalactites and stalagmites in
caves are formed from
solutions.
First, water with dissolved
minerals flows through rocks
at the top of the cave.
Forming Solids
from Solutions

38. Stalactites and stalagmites in
caves are formed from
solutions.
First, water with dissolved
minerals flows through rocks
at the top of the cave.
Forming Solids
from Solutions
This solution drips from the ceiling of the cave.

39. Stalactites and stalagmites in
caves are formed from
solutions.
First, water with dissolved
minerals flows through rocks
at the top of the cave.
Forming Solids
from Solutions
This solution drips from the ceiling of the cave.
When drops evaporate, the minerals are left behind.

40. Stalactites and stalagmites in
caves are formed from
solutions.
First, water with dissolved
minerals flows through rocks
at the top of the cave.
Forming Solids
from Solutions
This solution drips from the ceiling of the cave.
When drops evaporate, the minerals are left behind.
Stalactites develop downward, stalagmites upwards.

41. Forming
Solids
from
Solutions

42. Forming
Solids
from
Solutions
Sometimes a solid forms because of a chemical
reaction. This solid is called a precipitate.

43. Forming
Solids
from
Solutions
Sometimes a solid forms because of a chemical
reaction. This solid is called a precipitate.
Minerals that are dissolved in tap water react
chemically with soap. The product is soap scum.

44. Solutions Making Solids
PHYSICAL

45. Solutions Making Solids
PHYSICAL
CHEMICAL

47. Types of Solutions

48. Types of Solutions

49. Liquid Solutions

50. Liquid Solutions
In a liquid-gas solution
the solute is a gas and
the solvent is liquid.
In carbonated
beverages, the solute
is CO2 and the
solvent is water.

51. Liquid Solutions

52. Liquid Solutions
In a liquid-solid
solution the
solute is a solid
and solvent is a
liquid.

53. Liquid Solutions

54. Liquid Solutions
In a liquid-liquid
solution both the
solute and solvent
are liquids.

55. Gaseous
Solution

56. Gaseous
Solution
A smaller amount
of one gas is
dissolved in a
larger amount of
another gas.

57. Gaseous
Solution
A smaller amount
of one gas is
dissolved in a
larger amount of
another gas.
Nitrogen makes up 78% of dry air and is the
solvent.

58. Solid Solutions

59. Solid Solutions
The solvent is a solid, the solute is a solid, liquid or
gas. The most common is solid-solid solutions.

60. Solid Solutions
The solvent is a solid, the solute is a solid, liquid or
gas. The most common is solid-solid solutions.
A solid-solid solution made from 2 metals is called
an alloy.

61. Finished
!