3 branches of the government

Criminal justice

2. ThestructureofthePhilippinegovernmentisdividedinto
threebranches:
•TheLegislativeDepartment(ArticleVI)
•TheExecutiveDepartment(ArticleVII)
•TheJudicialDepartment(ArticleVIII)

3. .
Undertheprincipleofco-equalandcoordinate
powersamongthethree(3)branches,theofficers
entrustedwitheachofthesepowersarenotpermitted
toencroachuponthepowersconfidedtotheothers.
Ifonedepartmentgoesbeyondthelimitssetbythe
Constitution,itsactsarenullandvoid.Theadoption
ofthisprinciplewasmotivatedbythebeliefthat
arbitraryrulewouldresultifthesamepersonorbody
weretoexerciseallthepowersofthegovernment.

4. .
Checks by the
President
Checks by the
Congress
Checks by the
Judiciary
-mayvetoordisapprove
billsenactedbythe
Congress(Sec.27:1)
-through pardoning
power,hemaymodify
orsetasidethe
judgmentsofcourts
(Art.VII,Sec19)
-Congressmayoverridethe
vetoofthePresident-2/3of
theactualvote(Sec.27:1)
-Rejectcertainappointments
ofthePresident(Art.VII,
Sec.16)
-Revoketheproclamationof
martiallaworsuspensionof
thewritofhabeascorpusby
thePresident(Art.VII,
Section18)
-Amendorrevokethe
decisionoftheCourtbythe
enactmentofanewlawor
byanamendmentoftheold
-Thepowertoimpeachthe
Presidentandthemembers
oftheSupremeCourt.
-theSupremeCourtasthe
finalarbitermaydeclare
legislativemeasuresor
executive acts
unconstitutional(Art.VIII,
Sec4:2)
-determinewhetherornot
therehasbeenagrave
abuseofdiscretion
amountingtolackor
excessofjurisdictionon
thepartoftheCongressor
President(Art.VIII,Sec.
2:2)

5. PRESIDENT AND VICE -
PRESIDENT
CONGRESS SUPREME COURT
-natural-borncitizenof
thePhilippines
-aregisteredvoter
-abletoreadandwrite
-atleastforty(40)yearsof
ageonthedayofthe
election
-aresidentofthe
Philippinesforatleast
ten (10) years
immediatelypreceding
theelection.
SENATORS
-anaturalborncitizensofthe
Philippines
-atleast35yearsofageonthedayof
theelection
-abletoreadandwrite
-aregisteredvoter
-aresidentofthePhilippinesfornot
lessthantwo(2)yearsimmediately
precedingthedayoftheelection
HOUSEOFREPRESENTATIVES
-anatural-borncitizenofthe
Philippines
-atleast25yearsofageonthedayof
theelection
-abletoreadandwrite
-exceptforaparty-listrepresentative,a
registeredvoterinthedistrictinwhich
heshallbeelected
-aresidentthereofforaperiodofnot
lessthanone(1)yearprecedingthe
election
ADDITIONAL QUALITICATION FOR PARTY-
LIST REPRESENTATIVES:
-a bona fide member of the party or
organization which he seeks to
represent for at least ninety (90) days
preceding the day of the election,
-hemustbeanatural-
borncitizenofthe
Philippines
-hemustbeatleastforty
(40)yearsofage
-hemusthave,forfifteen
(15)yearsormore,been
ajudgeofalowercourt
orengagedinthe
practiceoflawinthe
Philippines
-hemustbeapersonof
proven competence,
integrity,probityand
independence.

6. EXECUTIVE
DEPARTMENT
LEGISLATIVE
DEPARTMENT
JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT
President –Chief
Executive
Vice President
Cabinet Officials
SENATE –24
Currently the Philippine
Senate is composed of 23
Senators
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
–250 members including
the Party-list Representatives
District Representatives –
80%
Party-list Representatives -
20%
Currently there are 300+
members of the House of
Representatives
293 –District representatives
58 –Sectoral Representatives
SUPREME COURT
-composed of fifteen
members
1 Chief Justice
14 Associate Justice

7. EXECUTIVE
DEPARTMENT
LEGISLATIVE
DEPARTMENT
JUDICIAL
DEPARTMENT
PRESIDENT–1termof
6yearswithoutre-
election
VICEPRESIDENT–2
consecutiveterms
allowedwith6years
perterm
SENATE–2consecutive
termsallowedwith6
yearsperterm
DISTRICTANDPARTY-
LISTREPRESENTATIVES
-3consecutiveterms
allowedwith3years
perterm
NOTERMLIMIT–but
theymandatedtohold
officeduringgood
behavioruntilthey
reachtheageof70or
becomeincapacitated
todischargetheduties
oftheiroffice.

8. 1.THE POWER TO ENACT LAWS
2.Police Power
3.Power of Eminent Domain
4.Power of Taxation
5.The power to choose who shall become President in case of tie (Section 4,
par.4)
6.The power to impose death penalty (Art. 3, Sec 19)
7.The power to act as a constituent assembly (Art. XVII, section 1)
8.The power to declare the existence of war (Section 23)
9.The power to confirm the appointments of government officials (Section 19)
10.The power to ratify treaty (Art. 7, Section 21)
11.The power to conduct investigation in aid of legislation (Section 21)
12.Immunity from arrest for offenses punishable by not more than six years
imprisonment (Section 11)
13.The power to appropriate money (Section 24 & 25)
14.The power to impeach (Art. XI, Sec. 2)

9. The Legislative Branch is broadly deals with the:
1.Making
2.Deliberating
3.Enactment
4.Amending
5.Repealing of laws

10. Impeachmenthasbeendefinedasamethodofnationalinquest
intotheconductofpublicmen.Itisessentiallyinthenatureofa
criminalprosecutionbeforeaquasi-politicalcourt,institutedbya
writtenaccusationcalled“articlesofimpeachment”uponachargeof
thecommissionofacrimeorsomeofficialmisconductorneglect.
PURPOSE OF IMPEACHMENT
Itspurposeistoprotectthepeoplefromofficialdelinquencies
ormalfeasances.Itis,therefore,primarilyintendedfortheprotection
ofthestate,notforthepunishmentoftheoffender.Thepenalties
attachedtoimpeachmentaremerelyincidentaltotheprimary
intentionofprotectingthepeopleasabodypolitic.

11. 1.The President and Vice-president
2.The Members of the Supreme Court
3.The members of the Constitutional Commissions
(COMELEC, CSC, COA)
4.The Ombudsman

12. •Culpable violation of the Constitution (failure to
disclose SALN)
•Treason
•Bribery
•Graft and Corruption
•Betrayal of Public Trust
•OtherHighCrimes(perjuryofoath,abuseof
authority,intimidation,misuseofassets,failureto
supervise,derelictionofduty,conductunbecoming,and
refusaltoobeyalawfulorder.)

13. 1.THEPOWERTOIMPLEMENTLAWS
2.AdministrativePowerandcontrolovertheagenciesofthegovernments
(Section17)
3.Thepowertoappointgovernmentofficials(Section16)
4.Thepowertocommutesentence,grantpardon,reprieveandamnesty
(Section19)
5.Thepowertodeclaremartiallaw(Section18)
6.Thepowertosuspendtheprivilegeofwritofhabeascorpus(Section18)
7.Thepowertovetoalaw(Art.6,Section7)
8.Thepowerofsupervisionandcontroloverthelocalgovernment(Art.X,
Section4)
9.Thepowertoconducttreatyandinternationalagreementwithotherstates
(Section21)

14. LIMITATION OF POWER:
1.Hold any office other office or enjoy other form of
employment
2.Make appointments two months prior to the next election
3.Make appointments within the 4
th
civil degree of
consanguinity
4.Increase his salary or that of the VP during his term
5.Ratify foreign treaties
6.Grant clemency in cases of impeachment

15. 1.THEPOWERTOINTERPRETLAWS
2.THEPOWEROFJUDICIALREVIEW.
a.Thepowertodeterminewhethertherehasbeenagraveabuseofdiscretion
lackorexcessofjurisdictionofanybranchorinstrumentalityofthe
government(Sec.4,par.2)
3.ADJUDICATORYPOWERS(Section1,par.2)
a.Thepowertodeterminethevalidityandconstitutionalityofthelawsofthe
State
b.Thepowertosettleactualcontroversiesinvolvingrightswhicharelegally
demandableandenforceable
4.Assigntemporarilyjudgesoflowercourtstootherstationsaspublicinterest
mayrequire
5.Orderthechangeofvenueorplaceoftrialtoavoidamiscarriageofjustice
6.AppointsallofficialsandemployeesoftheJudiciaryinaccordancewiththe
CivilServiceLaw

16. THANK YOU FOR READING
CHELDHAYE