3- GLUTEAL RIGION-1.pdf lower limb muscle

Medicine &health

1. GLUTEAL REGION
LOWER LIMB

2. The glutealregion lies posterolateralto
the bony pelvis and proximal end of the
femur
The glutealregion, or buttock, is
bounded superiorlyby the iliac crest and
inferiorlyby the fold of the buttock.
The region is largely made up of the
glutealmuscles and a thick layer of
superficial fascia
GLUTEAL REGION

4. The glutealregion
contains:
Bones
Ligaments
Muscles
Vessels
Nerves

5. The two important ligamentsin the
glutealregion are the sacrotuberousand
sacrospinousligaments.
The function of these ligaments is to
stabilize the sacrumand prevent its
rotation at the sacroiliac joint by the
weight of the vertebral column.
Ligaments of the Gluteal
Region

6. The
sacrotuberous
ligament
connects the
back of the
sacrumto the
ischial
tuberosity
Sacrotuberous
Ligament

8. The
sacrospinous
ligament
connects the
back of the
sacrumto the
spine of the
ischium
Sacrospinous
Ligament

9. The two
important
foraminain the
glutealregion are
the greater
sciatic foramen
and the lesser
sciatic foramen.
Foramina of the Gluteal
Region

10. The greater sciatic foramen is
formed by the greater sciatic notch
of the hip bone and the
sacrotuberousand sacrospinous
ligaments.
It provides an exit from the pelvis
into the glutealregion.
Greater Sciatic
Foramen

12. 1.Piriformis
2.Sciatic nerve
3.Posterior cutaneousnerve of the thigh
4.Superior and inferior glutealnerves
5.Nerves to the obturatorinternusand
quadratusfemoris
6.Pudendalnerve
7.Superior and inferior glutealarteries and
veins
8.Internal pudendalartery and vein
The following structures exit
the Greater Sciatic foramen

14. The lesser sciatic foramen is formed
by the lesser sciatic notch of the hip
bone and the sacrotuberousand
sacrospinousligaments.
It provides an entrance into the
perineumfrom the glutealregion.
Lesser Sciatic
Foramen

15. 1.Tendon of obturatorinternusmuscle
2.Nerve to obturatorinternus
3.Pudendalnerve
4.Internal pudendalartery and vein
The following structures
pass through the foramen

17. The obturatorforamen lies inferior to the
acetabulumof the pelvis and is an opening
between the ischiumand pubicbones. It is
covered almost entirely by the obturator
membrane.
A small gap is left between the superior
marginof the obturatormembrane and the
pelvic bone above, known as the obturator
canal
obturatorforamen

19. The Obturatorcanal allows a few vessels
and nerves to pass out from the pelvic
cavity to communicate with the lower
limb.
There are three structureswhich pass
through the obturatorcanal:
1.Obturatorartery
2.Obturatorvein
3.Obturatornerve
obturatorforamen

20. The muscles of the glutealregion include:
Superficial group
1.The gluteus maximus
2.The gluteus medius
3.The gluteus minimus
4.The tensor fasciae latae
Deep groups
1.The piriformis
2.The obturator internus
3.The superior gemellus
4.The inferior gemellus
5.The quadratus femoris
Muscles of the Gluteal Region

28. The gluteus maximusis the largest muscle in
the body. It lies superficial in the glutealregion
and is largely responsible for the prominence
of the buttock.
The tensor fasciae lataeruns downward and
backward to its insertion in the iliotibialtract
and thus assists the gluteus maximusmuscle
in maintaining the knee in the extended
position
Muscles of the Gluteal Region

31. The piriformislies partly within the
pelvis at its origin.
It emerges through the greater sciatic
foramento enter the glutealregion.
Its position serves to separate the
superior glutealvesselsand nerves
from the inferior glutealvessels and
nerves.
Muscles of the Gluteal Region

33. The obturatorinternusis a fan-shaped
muscle that lies within the pelvis at its
origin.
It emerges through the lesser sciatic
foramen to enter the glutealregion.
The tendon is joined by the superior
and inferior gemelliand is inserted into
the greater trochanterof the femur.
Muscles of the Gluteal Region

35. The quadratusfemorismuscle
is the most inferior of the deep
group of muscles in the gluteal
region.
It is a flatrectangular muscle
below the obturatorinternus
muscle and its associated
gemellusmuscles.
Muscles of the Gluteal Region

36. 1-Superior Gluteal Artery
The superior gluteal artery is a branch
from the internal iliac artery and enters
the gluteal region through the upper part of
the greater sciatic foramen above the
piriformis.
It divides into branches that are distributed
throughout the gluteal region
ARTERIES OF THE GLUTEAL
REGION

37. 2-Inferior Gluteal Artery
The inferior gluteal artery is a branch of
the internal iliac artery and enters the
gluteal region through the lower part of the
greater sciatic foramen, below the
piriformis.
It divides into numerous branches that are
distributed throughout the gluteal region.
ARTERIES OF THE GLUTEAL
REGION