3. Moral Philosophy from Muslims' Perspective.pptx

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1. MORAL PHILOSOPHY FROM MUSLIMS’ PERSPECTIVE NUR AMELIA AHMAD SHAHRIMAN MUNIRAH ZULKUNAIN 1423114 NUR MUSFIRAH BINTI JAMULI 1510634 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES FROM QURAN AND SUNNAH AND ETHICS BETWEEN RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY

2. DEFINITION ETHICS Literally it derived from the Greek word, “Ethos”, means character . Technically it is the branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct , with respect to the rightness and wrongness of actions.

3. 2) Islamic Term “akhlak” (moral) Personalities that produce actions between man and God , man and other creations , in line with the teachings of Quran and Hadith. ETHICAL PRINCIPLES provide a generalized framework within which particular ethical dilemmas may be analyzed

4. Philosophy Literally means “the love of wisdom” The study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. metaphysics, epistemology, axiology and logic.

5. Religion A particular system of belief and worship A set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe which usually involve ritual practices and observances. Contain moral codes governing the conduct of human affairs. Religion of books; Christianity, Judaism, Islam hindhuism , buddhism , confucianism and shinto

6. QURAN BOOK OF ALLAH

7. HADITH AND SUNNAH The verbally transmitted record of the teaching, deeds, and sayings of prophet Muhammad ( pbuh ) as well as Muhammad’s companion. QURAN BOOK OF ALLAH

8. Ethical principles from the Quran

9. EQUALITY Whoever commits a sin is requited for just that, and whoever works righteousness - male or female - while believing, these will enter Paradise wherein they receive provisions without any limits . ( Ghafir : 40) Gender

10. Inheritance There is a share for men and a share for women from what is left by parents and those nearest related, whether the property is small or large, an obligatory share . (An Nisa ’: 7 )

11. Racism O mankind, We have created you from a male and a female and have made you into nations and tribes for you to know one another.  Truly, the noblest of you with God is the most pious. 2   Truly, God is All-Knowing, All-Aware.  (Al Hujurat - 13)

12. IBADAH AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN THE DEV OF AKHLAK  Solat – lowers ego Fasting – empathy Zakat/ sedekah – generosity Haji – sacrifice / unity

13. Ethical principles from the Sunnah

14. The Prophet said: "God has sent me to perfect good manners and to do good deeds.“ ( Bukhari & Ahmad)

15. The Nine Ethical Principles Of Islam - A Muslim Believes In: 1. Sharing and Caring 2. Justice, Equality, and Faithfulness  3. Respect and Tolerance 4. Service/ Social Responsibility 5. Behaving Morally 6. Participating in Civil Life 7. Achieving Balance  8. Achieving Security 9. Seeking Knowledge

16. PROPHET’S MANNERS AND CHARACTERISTICS Humbleness Haritha ibn Wahb reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said : “ Shall I not tell you about the companions of Paradise? They are every humble person considered weak, but if they gave an oath by Allah it would be fulfilled. Shall I not tell you about the companions of Hellfire? They are every harsh, haughty, and arrogant person” ( Bukhari )

17. Honesty “You shall only speak the truth wherever you are” (Bukhari ) Being good to others “Do not hate each other, but rather be servants of Allah as brothers” (Bukhari)

18. Moderate ‘ Do good deeds properly, sincerely and moderately … Always adopt a middle, moderate, regular course, whereby you will reach your target- (of paradise) (Bukhari)

19. Ethics between Religion And Philosophy

20. RELIGION VS. PHILOSOPHY Religion Philosophy  A belief in a supreme power and worship of it as the creator and controller of the universe without reasoning Religions discipline the people through a set of code of conduct, principles and ethics Propagators of religions are called leaders Religion insists on the performance of rituals Philosophy is a pursuit of wisdom by intellectual search and logical reasoning. Philosophy relies on the moral self-discipline. Philosophers are called as thinkers Philosophy does not emphasize the ritualistic aspect of life.

21. Development of Understanding

22. JAHILIYAH Syirik Economic oppresion Women’s status Adultery QURAN Tauhid Zakat 1/3 Polygamy

23. OBJECTIVE Socially approved No zakat needed Equal 1 QURAN Tauhid Zakat 1/3 Polygamy

24. CRITICISM