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1. Anatomy of
abdominal wall
PRESENTED BY
VENTATA SAI TEJA
KOPPUKONDA(2102507)

2. ABDOMINAL WALL :
Abdominal wall represents the
boundaries of the abdominal cavity.
It is providing flexible coverage and
protecting the internal organs from
damage. It is bounded superiorly
by the xiphoid process and costal
margins, posteriorly by the
vertebral column and inferiorly by
the pelvic bones and inguinal
ligament. The abdominal wall can
be divided into two sections :
anterolateral and posterior
abdominal walls.

3. •Topographicaldivisions ofthe abdomen are used todescribe the location ofabdominal organs and thepain
Pelvic cavity.
•Thetwo schemes most oftenused are:
•afour-quadrant pattern and
•anine-region pattern.

5. SKIN :
Skin is the outermost layer of abdominal wall. It protect us from microbes and the elements,
helps regulate body temperature . In the layers of abdominal wall there are large numbers of nerves that
goes between skin and muscles of the abdomen.
Superficial fascia:
The superficial fascia of the abdominal wall
(subcutaneous tissue of abdomen) is a layerof fatty
connective tissue.
This forms the thin, single layer above the umbilicus.
Below the umbilicus, it is divided into two layers
1)The fatty superficial layer called camper’s fascia
2)The deep layer called Scarpa’s fascia.

6. Anterolateralmuscles :
•Anterolateral muscles There arefive muscles in
the anterolateralgroup of abdominal wall
muscles:
• three flat muscles
-the external oblique,
-internal oblique,
-transversus abdominis muscles.
• two vertical muscles,
-the rectus abdominis
-pyramidalis muscles

7. •The most superficial of the three flat muscles in the
anterolateralgroup of abdominal wall muscles is the external
oblique, whichis immediately deep to the superficial fascia.
•Its laterally placed muscle fibers pass in an
inferomedialdirection, while its large aponeurotic
component covers theanterior part of the abdominal wall to
the midline.
•Associatedligaments :
-Inguinal ligament.
-Lacunar ligament.
-Pectineal (cooper’s) ligament,
•Second of three flatmuscles.
•Smaller andthinner
•Superomedialdirection.
•At anterior ends forms aponeurosis that
blendsintolineaalba
External oblique :
Internal oblique:

8. Transversusabdominis:
•Deep to internal oblique muscle.
•Named so because of direction of most of
its muscles.
•Ends in an anterior aponeurosis blends
withlineaalba.
Transversalis fascia :
Covers all these flat muscles
anterior and posterior
surface of deep fascia.

9. RECTUS ABDOMINIS
•IT IS A LONG, FLAT MUSCLE, ANTERIOR
ABDOMINAL WALL.
•IT PAIRED MUSCLE SEPARATED BY LINEAALBA IN
MIDLINE AND IT ASCENDS FROM PUBIC SYMPHYSIS
WIDER AND THINNER.
•IT IS INTERSECTED BY 3 OR 4 TRANSVERS
FIBROUS BANDS OR TENDIOUSINTERSECTION.

10. Pyramidalis :
•Second vertical muscle. Smalltriangular
inshape.
•It may or may not be present.
•It is anterior to rectusabdominisand has
itsbaseon pubic and its apex is attached
superiorand medially tolineaalba.
Rectus sheath
•The rectus abdominis andpyramidalis is covered
byaponeurotictendinous sheath(Rectus sheath).
•It is formed by aponeuroses ofexternal, internal oblique
andtransversus abdominis muscle.
•It covers the upper threequadrants of
rectusabdominisand lower one quadrant ofanterior
surface.

11. POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL MUSCLES :
Psoas major muscle
Iliacus muscle
Quadratus lumborum muscle
Psoas minor muscle

12. EXTRAPERITONEAL
FASCIA
•DEEP TO TRANSVERSALIS FASCIA IS LAYER OF
CONNECTIVE TISSUE CALLED EXTRAPERITONEAL
FASCIA.
•IT SEPARATES THE EXTRAPERITONEAL FASCIA FROM
PERITONEUM.
•IT LINES BOTH THE ABDOMINAL AND THE PELVIC
CAVITY.

13. PERITONEUM
•DEEP TO EXTRAPERITONEAL
FASCIA IS A PERITONEUM.
•IT IS THIN SEROUS MEMBRANE
LINING THE WALL OF ABDOMINAL
CAVITY.
•PERITONEUM THAT LINING THE
WALLS IS CALLED PARIETAL
PERITONEUM.
•PERITONEUM LINING THE
VISCERA IS CALLED VISCERAL
PERITONEUM.

14. Thank
you