3 principles of growth and development

bsc nursing 3rd year

1. Principles of growth and development Prepared by : Mr. Bhargav mehta Lecturer ( ped . Dept )

2. 1. Cephalocaudal

3. CEPHALOCAUDAL This principle describes the direction of growth and development . The head region starts growth at first, following by which other organs starts developing. The child gains control of the head first, then the arms and then the legs. Infants develop control of the head and face movements at first two months. In next few months they are able to lift themselves up by using their arms. Next gain control over leg and able to crawl, stand, walk, run, jump, climb, day by day.

4. 2. Proximodistal

5. PROXIMODISTAL ( centre or midline ) Growth proceeds from the centre or midline of the body, to the periphery, or in a proximo -distal direction. During the prenatal period, the limb buds develop before the rudimentary fingers and toes. During infancy, the large muscles of the arms and legs are subject to voluntary control earlier than are the fine muscles of the hands and feet. The spinal cord develops before outer parts of the body.

6. 3. Growth and development is a continuous process

7. continuous process Growth and Development is a continues process from conception to death. In the early years of life, development consists of changes that lead the child to maturity not only of body size and functioning, but also of behaviour . Even after maturity has been attained, development does not end. These changes continue until death ends the life cycle.

8. 4. Growth and development is orderly or sequential process

9. orderly or sequential process Every species, whether animal or human, follows a pattern of development. This pattern in general is the same for all individuals. All children follow a development pattern with one stage leading to the next. Ex - Infants stand Before they walk; draw circles before they make squares

10. 5.Influenced by environmental and genetic factor

11. 6. Growth and development is predictable

12. 7. Development proceeds from simple to complex

13. simple to complex Children use their cognitive and language skills to reason and solve problems. Children at first are able hold the big things by using both arms, In the next part able to hold things in a single hand, then only able to pick small objects like peas, cereals etc. Children when able to hold pencil, first starts draw circles then squares then only letters after that the words.

14. 8.Principle of individual difference

15. individual difference The tempo of development is not even. Individuals differ in the rate of growth and development. Boys and girls have different development rates. Each part of the body has its own particular rate of growth. Development does not occur at an even pace. There are periods of great intensity and equilibrium and there are periods of imbalance. Development achieves a plateau and this may occur at any level or between levels.

16. 9. Rate of growth and development is interrelated

17. 10. Skills are learned by practice

18. 11. Proceeds from general to specific

19. general to specific Development proceeds from general to specific. In all areas of development, general activities always precedes specific activity. For example; - The fetus moves its whole body but incapable of making specific responses -Infants wave their arms randomly. They can make such specific responses as reaching out for an object near them.

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