35 BPTH Applied Microbiology Diseases involving skin, burns, brain &.pptx

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1. L-35 Applied Microbiology : Diseases involving skin, burns, brain & cardiopulmonary system.  

2. Skin diseases Normal flora – A – Resident Flora B – Transient Flora Resident flora  Organisms always present on skin eg . Staphylococcus epidermidis Transients flora  Contamination of superficial skin with organism other than resident flora which may cause infection. eg . Staphylococcus aureus

3. Skin diseases Common causes: Bacterial infection I) Community acquired eg . Boils carbuncles, acne, Cellulitis , abscess, pyoderma II) Hospital acquired eg . Surgical wound infection Fungal infection: Dermatophytes causing ring worm candida causing paronychia etc. Parasitic infection : eg . Leishmanial , D. medinensis Viral infection : eg . Herpes, chicken pox etc Lab diagnosis: Microscopy – gram & ZN culture & sensitivity

4. Prevention & Control: - Hands caring patients, do carry germs ,So barrier nursing is must to avoid transmission of organisms . Hand washing, use of gloves Dusting of talc and good nursing care Frequent changing of posture to avoid pressure sore Use of stockings Topical application of medication Treat the cause with appropriate antibiotics

5. Brain/Central Nervous System Meningitis , Encephalitis, Brain Abscess Clinical presentation: Headache; vomiting, irritability, fever, neck stiffness  coma

6. Meningitis Bacterial, viral, fungal & parasitic infections , Common causes (Bacterial) N. meningitidis H. Influenzae Strep. pneumoniae E. coli Listeria monocytogenes . M. Tuberculosis (chronic)

7. Brain Abscess Brain Abscess Following – Chronic Sinusitis Otitis media Bacterial— Staph.aureus Pseudomonas spp. Proteus spp. Fungal-- Aspergillus spp. Candida Spp.

8. Laboratory diagnosis Specimens collection CSF, blood and pus from abscess Microscopy -Gram and ZN stain of CSF Culture and sensitivity - Serodiagnosis – - Paired sera for viral diagnosis - Latex agglutination for antigen detection from CSF - Fungal-KOH mount

9. Prevention and Control: Chemoprophylaxis to close contacts Vaccination Good physiotherapy support for neural deficiency

10. CARDIO – PULMONARY DISEASES Endocarditis Myocarditis - Strep. viridians or Staph. Aureus Pericarditis Pneumonia – str. pneumoniae , H. influenzae, gram neg. orgs. Tracheo – Bronchitis – viral followed by secondary inf. Lung abscess – staph or gram negative orgs. Empyema – complication following pneumonia Bronchiectasis – Str. pneumoniae, H. influenzae staph

11. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Chronic cough, fever, pleuritic chest pain, tiredness, cardio – vascular accident following cardiac inf.  stroke

12. Laboratory Diagnosis: Specimen collection – Blood, sputum, pleural fluid Microscopy -Gram and ZN staining Culture and antibiotic sensitivity.

13. PREVENTION AND CONTROL: Immediate antibiotics for pneumonia Vaccination as and when possible Active physiotherapy for chest Physiotherapy for neurological deficits